Transfer Of Learning Vocabulary

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Transfer of Learning

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The influence of having previously practiced or performed a skill or skills on the learning of a new skill

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Positive transfer

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beneficial effect of previous experience on learning or performing a new skill, or on the performance of a skill in a new context

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Negative transfer

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the negative effect of prior experience on the performance of a skill, so that a person performs the skill less well than he or she would have without prior experience.

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Zero transfer

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a previous experience has no influence on performance of a skill in a new context or learning of a new skill

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Assessing the effectiveness of practice conditions

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transfer test performance will provide the best assessment

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Positive Transfer learning theories

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2, both consider the similarities between the two situations. 1. Identical Elements Theory - transfer is due to the degree of similarity between the parts or characteristics of two skills or performance contexts. A. skill components B. Context components. 2. Transfer-appropriate Processing Theory - transfer is due to the similarity in the cognitive processing characteristics required by the two skills or two performance situations. A. cognitive processing must be successful in the transfer task. B. Two activities must be similar in cognitive processing.

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When does negative transfer occur?

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When an old stimulus requires a new but similar response. The environmental context characteristics of two performance situations are similar, but the movement characteristics are different. 2 susceptible situations: 1. change in spatial locations of a movement. 2. change in timing structure of the movement.

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Timing Change

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1. Rhythmic pattern/ Relative time structure 2. Intrinsic bimanual coordination timing relationships

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Why do negative transfer effects occur?

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1. Memory Representation - perception-action coupling between perceptual characteristics of the task and the motor system 2. Cognitive Confusion - what to do?

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Bilateral Transfer

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Transfer between two limbs

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Asymmetric Transfer

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bilateral transfer in which there is a greater amount of transfer from one limb than from the other limb. From the preferred to the nonpreferred is greater usually.

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Symmetric transfer

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bilateral transfer in which the amount of transfer is similar from one limb to another, no matter which limb is used first.

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Why Does bilateral transfer occur?

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1. Cognitive Explanation of bilateral transfer 2. Motor control explanation of bilateral transfer

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Cognitive explanation of bilateral transfer

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positive transfer from a practiced to a nonpracticed limb results from important cognitive information related to goal of skill.

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Motor control explanation of bilateral transfer

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According to GMP theory, muscles used are a parameter, so gmp is established with use of one limb and is applied to the other. Dynamic pattern theory - what is learned is not specific to the limb, it is effector independent.