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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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which plants contain cyanide?
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arrow grass, maize, passion flower, eucalyptus tree, cassava, lima beans, almonds, stone, yew
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moa of cyanide plants
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◦ MOA: hydrolysis is by beta-glycosidaes to hydroxynitrile
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which animal is more susceptible to cyanide tox?
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cows
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what do animals that are poisoned with cyanide smell like
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bitter almonds
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what are CS of cyanide poisoning
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sudden onset and sudden death
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CS of cyanide 2
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SLUD= wtf is this?
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tx for cyanide poisoning
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2 phase antidote
nitrite and thisulfate should not be mixed for too long thiosulfate ismore important |
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how are nitrate/ nitrites absorbed?
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readily and rapidly
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MOA of nitrites
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▪ *Nitrites converts (ferrous) Hg (ferric) methemoglbin
• at 20% methemoglobin hypoxia devlops |
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what are CS of nitrate/nitrite tox?
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rapidly occurs- 1-4 hours
brown, bloody dark organs |
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what is pathognomonic for nitrite/nitrate poisoning?
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*dark chocolate (red/brown) blood
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what is the tx for nitrate/nitrite poisoning?
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slow IV methylene blue
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how fast is the poisoning for oxolate poisoning?
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its acute, more toxic on leaves
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on necropsy what will you find with oxolate poisoning?
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crystals in kidney and urinary tract (chronic)
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what is the treatment for oxolate poisoining
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Ca-borogluconate in large animals may not reduce deaths
NO TX ONCE RENAL DAMAGE |
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what are the alfatoxins
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a. flavus, a. parasiticus
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what is the source of alfatoxins?
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moldy peanuts, moldy corn (maize), cottonseed cake, dogmeal, silage, wheat, barley, coconut
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what is the MOA of alfatoxin
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epoxide moiety formed (synthesis of blood clotting protein)
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who gets moldy corn toxicosis?
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cattle and pigs
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how do you treat alfatoxin poisoning?
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oxytetracycline, anabolic agent stanozole. NOT TOGETHER
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what do ocharatoxins cause
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neprotoxicity
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what are CS of ochratoxins in poultry
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decreased growth, listlessness, huddling of flock, ataxia, anemia, low quality eggs
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what are CS of ochratoxins in pigs?
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enlarged grey kidneys, fibrous, PU/PD, anorexia, vomiting, dehydration
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what CS does tremogenic toxins cause?
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neuro and renal
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what is the source of slaframine?
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red clover
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what are CS of slaframine?
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slobbers
black patch |
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what does SLUD = ?
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parasympathetic effects
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what is the tx for slaframine poisoning?
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atropine
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what does fumonisn cause?
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monilofrmin, leukoencephalomalacia
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what are the CS of fumonisin?
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tongue hanging out
pitting edema |
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what animal is very sensitive to zearolenone - F2 tox?
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pigs
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what are CS in pigs with zearolenone - F2 tox?
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estrogen signs
mammary/ vulvar swelling |
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what are the sources of plants that cause photosensitization?
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hypericin, St. johns wort, phylloerthin
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what is primary photosensitization?
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uptake of compound directly responsible for photosensitization
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what is secondary photosensitization?
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hepatogenous, icterogenic. accumulation of photochemical after excretory distrubance (bile obstruction, liver dz)
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what does photosensitization cause in sheep?
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big head
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what are CS of photosensitization?
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sloughing of the skin in white areas
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whats the source of aceraceae poisoning?
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red maple
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what time of the year does aceraceae poisoning occur?
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before mid september
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which red maple (aceraceae) leaves are toxic?
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fresh, dry, or wilted
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what are CS of aceraceae toxicity (red maple)
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methemoglobin
hemolysis- icterus, cyanosis, anemia, hemoglobinuria, brown urine |
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tx of aceraceae (red maple) tox?
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methylene blue (but respond poorly)
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who gets amarantheacea (redroot pigweed)
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pigs, cattle, sheep
RARE in horses |
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what is the target organ for amaranthacea (redroot pigweed) tox
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kidneys
renal edema, streaking |
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what is the attitude of animals with amaranthacea (redroot pigweed)
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BAR and in sternal recumbency
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what is the treatment for amaranthacea (redroot pigweed)
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IV methylene blue for nitrates
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what part of the poison hemlock is poisonous ?
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the whole damn thing
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what are CS of poison hemlock?
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GI and CNS
diarrhea in cattle |
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what do survivors of poison hemlock poisoning look like ?
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depressed
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what is the most violently poisonious plant in the northern hemisphere?
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water hemlock
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how do animals poisoned with water hemlock die?
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in convulsions
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what is the most poisonous part of the water hemlock?
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the roots
the leaves and flowers are also poisonous yellow something is poisonous too |
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how poisonous if oleandar
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pretty fucking poisonous its the #1 plant that causes toxicity in california
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what organ system does olendar like to effect?
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the heart it is a cardioglycoside
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what does oleander cause in ruminants
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vomitting
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