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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the accumulation of nitrate by plants?
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nitrate is absorbed from the soil by thepants is converted to nitrite
nitrate is converted to ammonia ammonia is converte to amonoacids then to vegetable protein nitrate reductase converts nitrate to nitrite |
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What are factors favoring plant nitrated accumulation
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plant species (clover, alphalfa, wheat and corn)
content and dorm of nitrogen in soil -decreased light reduces activity of nitrate reductace -stage of growth - young plants have higher nitrate than older |
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What are the nitrate accumulating plants?
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pigweed
oats beets sohnsons grass corn lamb quaters sweet clover alfalfa wheat sunflower |
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What is the toxicity of nitrates?
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LD50 for ruminantsis .5 - 1g/kg
-forage nitrate greater than 1% may cause acute toxicosis |
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What is the mechanism of action of acute toxicosis of nitrates?
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interacts with hemoglobin resulting in oxidation of ferrous iron to ferric and conversion of hemoglobin to methemoglobin - which doesn't carry O2
-see vasodilation and hypotension and abortion |
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What is the mechanism of action of chronic toxicosis of nitrates?
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abortion due to decrease prgesterone
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What are the clinical signs associate with nitrate poisoning?
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sudden death with no signs
rapid breathing, restlessness,apprehesnsion, dyspnea, weakness, ataxia, sternal recumbency, cyanosis abortion |
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What are the lesions associated with nitrate toxicosis?
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congestion in various organs
brown chocolate color (methemoglobin) |
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How do you laboratory diagnose nitrate poisoning?
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chemical analysus of forage
-ocular fluid in the specimen of choice serum, plasma, urine methemoglobin concentration |
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How do you treat nitrate toxicosis?
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methylene blute 1% slowly IV for ruminants and monogastrics except in cats
activated charcoal, ruminal lavage with cold water and oral Abs |
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What is the prognosis of nitrate toxicosis?
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animals usually die before treatment because death is rapid
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