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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the source of anticoagulant toxins in cattle?
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*Very common problem
Improperly cured or moldy sweet clover, sweet vernal grass |
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How does moldy sweet clover cause anticoagulant problems?
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Coumarol--> dicoumarol
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What are the clinical signs of animals with severe moldy sweet clover toxicity?
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Weak and stuff
-reluctant to move bc of hemorrhages in joints & muscles - bloody milk |
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What is the source of anticoagulant toxins in small animals?
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Rodent baits
-most formulations contains small concentration (<1%) active ingredient |
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*What are 3 short acting anticoagulant rodenticides?
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1) Warfarin
2) Pindone 3) Valone |
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What are 4 long acting anticoagulant rodenticides?
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1) Chlorpacinone
2) Brodifacoum**** 3) Bradiolone 4) Diphacinone |
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**About 80% of anticoagulant rodenticides used at home are ____ and less than 5% are _____.
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Brodifacoum= 80%
Warfarin= 5% |
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What species are susceptible to anticoagulant rodenticides? Which are most commonly affected?
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All species susceptible
-dogs frequently affected |
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What is the normal function of Vitamin K pertaining to clotting?
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Acts as cofactor in post-ribosomal modification of factors- is oxidized to epoxide form
-**Vitamin K epoxide is inactive and requires reduction back to active form |
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What is the mechanism of action of anticoagulant rodenticides?
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-inhibit vitamin K epoxide reductase--> concentration of vit K at active site is reduced--> impaired synthesizing clotting factors II, VII, IX and X in liver
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Why is there such a delay in clinical signs following ingestion of anticoagulant rodenticides?
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The half life of clotting factors:
II: 41 h VII: 6.2 h IX: 13.9 h X: 16.5 h |
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Why isn't decontamination helpful for treating anticoagulant rodenticide toxicity?
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3-5 delay in signs so doesn't help unless owner sees ingestion
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Why is the half life of the anticoagulant rodenticide important to know?
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Important for treatment duration!!!!!
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***What is the time for onset of anticoagulant rodenticide signs?
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2-4 days (dependent on compound)
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What are the clinical signs of anticoagulant rodenticide?
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Internal or external hemorrhage- various w/ source and site of hemorrhage
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What are the gross lesions of anticoagulant rodenticide toxicity?***
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Hemorrhage into lungs & thoracic cavity
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*How do you diagnose anticoagulant rodenticide toxicity?
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*ID of specific compound key to successful management
-Clinical signs**Hemorrhage of unknown cause |
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*What are the primary clinical tests that will shed light to anticoagulant rodenticide diagnosis?
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CBC, serum chemistry panel, hemostasis screen, crossmatch, blood gas
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What will the platelet count, and buccal mucosal bleeding time be with anticoagulant rodenticides?
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Normal
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What will the PTT and PT test of an animal with anticoagulant rodenticide toxicity be?
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Increased
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What specimen is best for chemical analysis for anticoagulant rodenticide poisoning antemortem? postmortem?
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Antemortem: blood
Postmortem: liver |
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When treating anticoagulant rodenticide toxicity it is different with ______ VS ____.
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Bleeding vs non-bleeding
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What should you do first to treat an animal that is bleeding from anticoagulant rodenticide toxicity?
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Maintain CV support***
-fresh frozen plasma** |
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What determines the route of Vitamin K1 administration for anticoagulant rodenticide toxicity?
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Patient factors
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What are the 6 components to treating anticoagulant rodenticide toxicity?
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1) Decontamination
2) Maintain CV support 3) Vitamin K1 4) Exercise restriction 5) Monitor clotting parameters 6) Antibiotics? |
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Why is exercise restriction part of treating anticoagulant rodenticide toxicity?
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Possibly blood in the lungs
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