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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the uses of iron?
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oral supplementation for animals
parental iron preparations (pigs) mineral - fortified fertilizers |
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What are the sources of iron toxicosis?
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accidental ingestion of human oral supplements
overdose |
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What is the toxicity of iron?
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20-60mg/kg is moderately toxic
greater than 60mg/kg is severely toxic greater than 200 mg/kg is lethal parental preperations is greater than oral greater than 500ppm can lead to rickets in picklets due to interfering with phosphate absorption |
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What is the mechanism of actions for iron toxicosis?
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the primary effect is on the GI tract, liver and the cardiovascular system leading to shock and death
free in the body causes free radical oxygen species (mitochondiral damage) -injectable iron may cause peracute anaphylatoid reactions |
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What are the clinical signs of peracute preparations?
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peracute toxicosis
-anaphylactoid reaction, shock, death within a few seconds acute toxicosis -sever depression, shock, acidosis and death within a few hours |
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What are the clinical signs of oral preparations?
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4 stages
stage 1 (0-6hours) = nausea, vomiting, GI hemorrhage Stage 2 6-24 hours apparent recovery stage 3 12-96 hours most serious of the clinical signs due to severe metabolic effects (vomiting , diarrhea, GI hemorrhage, metabolic acidosis stage 4 (2-6 weeks) GI obstruction |
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What are the lesions associated with iron?
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parental preparations - see yellow-brown discoloration at injection site and near lymph nodes
oral preparations incute GI ulceration, and hemorrhagic enteritis congestion of liver and kidney, liver necrosis, icterus and hemoblobinuria |
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What do you see on lab diagnosis of iron toxicosis?
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elevated serum iron
increased PCV acidosis hemoglobinuria abnormal radiographs |
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What are differential diagnosis of iron toxicosis?
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agents that cause shock like signs
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How do you treat iron toxicosis?
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GI decontamination withing 4 hours of ingestion
supportive trearment - IV fluids Chelation therapy treat anaphylactoid reactions can be treated with epi, O2 and antihistamines |
