Toxicology Final

Front 1

Xylitol toxicity is associated with what clinical signs?

Back 1

HYPOGLYCEMIA
Liver failure (9-72 hours post-ingestion)
DIC
GI Upset

Front 2

which heavy metals cause severe GI and cardiovascular injury?

Back 2

Iron and inorganic arsenic

Front 3

what toxins are found in found in vitamine supplements?

Back 3

vitamin D
Iron

**most supplements don't contain enough vitamin D to cause significant problems, but they do contain enough iron***

Front 4

Which forms of iron are most toxic?

Back 4

inorganic iron has more atringent effects than organic

ferric iron is more irritating and more astringent than ferrous iron

* metallic iron and ferric iron (rust) are poorly soluble so not well absorbed

Front 5

Why must the level of iron be controlled in the body?

Back 5

Iron levels are controlled by limited absorption because most animals lack a mechanism for excretion. Too much iron causes the generation of REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES

Front 6

Which two molecules in the body limit free iron in the body?

Back 6

transferrin- bound to iron in ciruclation
ferritin - binds to iron to keep inside cells

**During toxicosis these two molecules become saturated and free iron levels increase**

Front 7

Aside from iron which toxin involves free radical damage as a major mechanism on injury? Where does this damage occur? Where does damage from iron toxicosis occur?

Back 7

Paraquat- damage to LUNGS
iron- lipid membrane peroxidation, DNA damage, direct corrosion of GI mucosa.

Front 8

how do you treat heavy metal toxicity?

Back 8

chelation therapy
all heavy metals have specific chelators to use in severe intoxication

Front 9

Which chelator is used to treat iron toxicosis?

Back 9

Deferoxamine for 2-3 days
- makes iron more soluble and more easily excreted