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143 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the direct relationship between absorbency and concentration?
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Beers law
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What is beers law?
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The direst relationship between absorbency and concentration.
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Why is beers law important and useful?
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becuase it will help to determine the PURENESS and amount of a substance within a substance
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What is the percentage of evidence evaluated in the crime lab that is drug related?
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75%
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WHich barbituate is absorbed more slowly than the others?
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PHENObarbitual
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What physical symptoms are part of the abstinence syndrome? (5)
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body chills
convulsions stomach cramps vomiting hallucinations |
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The Van Urk reagent was used to test a sample and it turned blueish purple. This indicates the presence of....
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LSD
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Which technique allows for both seperation and specific identification of a questioned mixture of a substance?
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GC/MS
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The ability to make a positive identification of a drug using UV spectrophotometry is ______ _____ the ability to make a positive identification using IR spectrophotometry
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LESS than
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What is the most widely used and abused drug?
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Alchohol
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The DIllie-Koppanyi reagent is useful in screening for....
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Barbituates
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The most difficult drug addiction to over come is....
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crack cocaine
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What is a positive thing anxiety drugs do?
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Reduce tension
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Which part pf cannabis contains the least amount of THC?
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Seeds
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Drugs deemed to have the highest potential for abuse and having a current medical use are listed in which schedule of the Controlled Substances Act?
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Schedule II (2)
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What is the reagent used for the field test for heroin?
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Marquis
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Under US federal drug laws what classification is cocaine listed under?
Why is this incorrect? |
Narcotics
Incorrect because narcotics are downers which slow down the central nervous system cocaine is a stimulant (upper) which speeds up the central nervous system. Exactly the opposite |
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What is the most widely used illicit drug in the US?
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POT
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What opium derivative is most widely used by addicts?
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Heroin
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On what three criteria does the Controlled Substance Act classify dangerous substances?
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Potential for:
ABUSE Psychological and physical dependence Medical Use |
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Name the two most commonly abused illegal stimulants.
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Crack Cocaine
Amphetamines |
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What physical state has volume but NO specific shape?
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Liquid
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The photons of which source have the LEAST amount of energy?
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RADIO waves
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Organic Chemistry is the study of compounds based on...
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CARBON
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Sublimation is defined as a changes state from ____ to____
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solid to gas
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What is an example of Sublimination
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IODINE when heated goes from a solid to a gas
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a length of a packed column is ______ than a capillary tube.
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SHORTER
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Spectrophotometry utilizes which light sources?
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Visible
Infrared UV |
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a qualitiative test will reveal the ....
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Identity of the material
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TLC uses _____ as its moving(mobile) phase
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Liquid
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Gas chromotography suffers a biig drawback in that it does not produce specific identification. This problem is overcome by connecting the GC to a...
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MS (Mass Spectrophotometry) confirmatory test.
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Which chromatography process is used to analyze organic expolsives and heat-sensitive drugs?
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HPLC, because it takes place at ROOM TEMP
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The attraction between the molecules of a gas is_________the attraction between the molecules of a liquid.
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LESS THAN
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Gas chromotography separates mixture on the basis of their distribution between a .......
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moving gas phase and a stationary liquid phase
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What are the three forms of matter?
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solid liquid gas
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Gas has no ____ volume
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specific
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What is Qualitative determination?
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IDENTIFICATION of a substance
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what is quantitative determination?
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PERCENTAGE amount of each substance
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Which two models to scientists use to explain the nature of light? Under what conditions does each model best describe the behavior of light?
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Continuing wave function--- when light is moving around freely
photons--- when light is being absorbed by something |
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What are the strengths of ultaviolet spectrophotometry?
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It is a SIMPLE way to determine a possible identity.
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What are the weaknesses of ultravilot spectrophotmetry?
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it is NOT confirmatory and NOT difinitive because other substance can have that same mass absorbtion. You need to do an IR or GC test to confirm it. You also cannot take this to court, you have to confrim it with a IR or GC test first.
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What is the greatest drawback of spectrophotometry?
What technique is often employed when the spectrophotmetry cannot be used? |
The substance has to be PURE. If a mixture is not pure and it is a MIXTURE you can use CHROMOTOGRAPHY to separate out the mixtures.
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A natural or synthetic substance used to produce a physiological or psychological effects
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DRUGS
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How many cocaine users are there?
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6 million
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How many americans use illicit durgs?
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23 million
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How many americans consume alcohol on a reg basis?
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90 million
10 million alcoholics |
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People become addicted to drugs based on....(5)
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nature of drug
dosage administration frequency metabolism of individual |
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Conditioned use of a drug caused by underlying EMOTIONAL needs
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Psychological dependence
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sluggishness, lethargy
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NARCOTICS
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What are the 4 narcotics?
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morphine
heroin methadone codine |
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substances that bring relief from pain and produce sleep.
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Narcotics
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are narcotics deppessants or stimulants?
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DEPRESSANT
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What are the Depressant drugs?
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barbituates (long/shoty acting)
alcohol valuim |
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What are the stimulant drugs?
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amphetamines
cocaine caffeine nicotine |
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what are the hallucinogens?
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pot
lsd pcp |
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What three drugs have the lowest potential for psychologocal dependence?
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pot
lsd codine |
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What two druges have the highest phsycial dependece?
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alcohol
herion |
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What three drugs have the lowest physical dependence?
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pot
lsd cocaine |
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What is morphine extracted from?
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opium
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What is commonly used to dilute heroin? WHY?
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Quinine
it has the same bitter taste as heroin |
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What are other dilutants commonly used to dilute heroin?
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starch
lactose novacain mannitol |
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what is present in opium but usually prepared synthetically form morphine?
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codeine
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If there are a million people prescribed to oxycotin how many people abuse it?
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25%
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This drug has minimal side effects when stopped.
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Methadone
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Drugs that can induce changes is mood, attitude, thought process, and preceptions
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Hallucinogens
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How many people have tried pot
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more than 43 million
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What year did federal government ans 46 states have laws prohibiting the use and posesseion of pot?
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1937
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What comes from pot?
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THC
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Which part of POT contains the MOST THC?
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Resin
flowers leaves |
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Who first ingested LSD in 1943 in his chemistry lab?
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Albert Hofmann
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LSD is very potent in ____ amounts and lasts up to ____ hours
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SMALL
12 |
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What does LSD come from?
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fungus that grows on grass, grains, wheats, such as erogot a fungus that grows on RYe
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Feelings of strength with a dreamy sense of detachment
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PCP
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Produce relaxing tranquility without impairing "thinking" abilities or inducing sleep.
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antiphsychotic/ antianxiety drugs
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Halogenated Hydrocrabons come from_____ and can ...
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HUFFING
Cause DEATH |
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Smokable form of meth, similar to crack cocaine, but the effects last longer
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ICE
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Who experimented with cocaine in 1884-1887
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Sigmund Freud
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Short amount of time in large amounts
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ACUTE
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long amount of time in small amounts
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Chronic
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What do date rape drugs (GHB and Rohypnol) do?
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DEPRESS the central nrevous system
drowsiness dizzy confusion memory loss 12-6 hours after taking |
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What are androgen effects of testosterone?
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Secondary male charachteristics
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what are anabolic effects of testosterone?
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accelerates muscle growth
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High potential for abuse
no medical use Schedule: Drugs: |
Schedule 1
heroin pot lsd |
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high potential for abuse with restricted medical use
schedule: drugs: |
Schedule 2
cocaine PCP some barbituates |
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moderate potential for abuse with accepted medical use
schedule: durg: |
schedule 3
anabolic steroids any barbituates not in schedule 2 |
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low potential for abuse with accepted medical use
schedule: durgs: |
schedule 4
valium |
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least potential for abuse
schedule: drug: |
schedule 5
opiate drugs containing nonnarcotic mixtures |
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Marquis test
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purple - heroin
orange-brown -amphetamine |
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Dilli-Koppanyi test
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purple blue- barbituates
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Duquenois-Levine
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purple -POT
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Van urk
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blue purple LSD
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Scott Test
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COCAINE (many steps)
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Microcrystalline test are ____ specific than color test
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MORE
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GS and MS are only useful when you ...
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add them together
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GS/MS:
Materials ____ the GS and ____the MS where the materials are subjected to high energy____ that cause the material to ____. No two substances _____ in a familar fashion This ____ pattern serves as a ____ of a chemical substance |
exit
enter electrons break apart fragment fragmation fingerprint |
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No other plant on earth produces the --------- that ---- does
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jelly like hairs that pot does.
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Pot does NOT require a ---- test or an ---- test.
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GC or IR
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detect and identify drugs and posions in the body fluids tissues and organs
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forensic toxicologists
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where do forensic toxicologists look in the body? (3)
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tissue
fluids organs |
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__% of all traffic deaths are alcohol realted.
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40%
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What is another word for alcohol?
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Ethanol
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passage of alcohol across the wall of the stomach and small intestine into the bloodstream
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passage
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What part of the brain is most susceptible to alcohol?
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the FOREBRAIN
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The extent of ____ is ____ to the concentration of the alcohol within the nerve ___
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depression
proportional cells |
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____ ____ concentration is____ ____ to the concentration of the alcohol in the ____
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blood alcohol
directly proportional brain (When one increases the other increses) |
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Alcohol appears in blood within ____ after consumtion
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minutes
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How long does it take after the last sip of alcohol to take absorption back to zero?
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30-90 minutes
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Rate at which alcohol is absorbed into the blood depends on (4)
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time taken to drink
alcohol content amount consumed how much food in the stomach |
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On an empty stomach alcohol is absorbed much _____
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FASTER
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One absorption is complete, alcohol becomes uniformly distributed in ALL the _______ _________ of the body
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watery portions
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What are the two ways to eliminate alcohol?
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Oxidation
Excretion |
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takes place within the liver and breaks alcohol down into different chemicals
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Oxidation
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remaining alcohol is excreted UNCHANGED in breath, urine, and sweat
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Excretion
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Does alcohol change chemicals during excretion?
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NONONONONONONO!!! it is UNCHANGED!!!!!
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carried blood away from heart
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artery
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carries blood to the heat
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vein
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interconnect arteries and veins
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capillaries
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Alcohol in the blood is carried to the ____
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LIVER
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How much blood carrying alcohol goes to the liver?
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95-98%
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How much blood carrying alcohol goes to the heart?
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5-2%
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After circulation, blood contains very little ____ so the blood then goes to the ___
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oxygen
lungs |
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blood enters in the ____ ____ and then is forced in the lower chamber called the ___ ____
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right atrium
right ventricle |
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Small sacs in the lungs with walls that allow for passage of air and other vapors, between breath and blood
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Alveoli
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What do the Alveoli's allow for?
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intake of oxygen and removal of carbon dioxde
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Testing for intoxication involves (4)
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testing motorists
no inconvenience for motorist no physical harm reliable |
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During the _______ phase the breath test might read ______ than the blood test.
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absorption
HIgher |
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In 1954 the first breath tests included what to measure the amount of alcohol on the breath?
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the extent of COLOR CHANGE and CHEMICALS
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What is the fancy name for a portable breath test?
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Fuel Cell Detector
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What is the fuel in a fuel cell detector?
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breath alcohol
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What is the oxidant in a feul cell detector?
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Oxygen
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What do fuel and oxidant combinded produce-----
which the produces---- |
acetic acid
elctrical current |
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to get an accurate breath test the person must (2)
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deep lung breath
breath for at least 5-10 seconds straight |
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What is the difference between mouth alcohol and breath alcohol?
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Mouth- burping, recent intake of alcohol, recent gargeling of mouth wash
causes the alcohol concentration detected in breath to be higher than it should be. |
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How long do you have to wait after taking a drink of booze or burping before you can get an accurate breath test?
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15-20 mins
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HOrizontal gaze Nystagmus (eye test)
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look for jerking of the eye as it moves from side to side
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the more intoxicated a person is the more thier eye will jerk at ---- angles and ----distance
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smaller
less |
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What are the divided attention tasks?
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walk and turn for about 9 steps
one leg stand |
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In GC you can determine the amount of alcohol in the blood. The _____ the peak the____ alcohol concentration in a persons blood
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Higher
greater |
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What does an anticoagulant do?
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prevents blood from clotting
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What does a preservative added to blood do?
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inhibits growth of mircoorganisims
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What are the most signifigant factors affecting alcohol's stability in blood (3)
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storage temp (refridgerated!)
preservaative (don't let things grow in blood!) time of storage |
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ethyl alcohol is generated form...
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bacterial action
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Where do you collect blood samples from a dead person?
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heart
femoral (leg) Cubital(arm) |