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143 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What is the direct relationship between absorbency and concentration?
Beers law
What is beers law?
The direst relationship between absorbency and concentration.
Why is beers law important and useful?
becuase it will help to determine the PURENESS and amount of a substance within a substance
What is the percentage of evidence evaluated in the crime lab that is drug related?
75%
WHich barbituate is absorbed more slowly than the others?
PHENObarbitual
What physical symptoms are part of the abstinence syndrome? (5)
body chills
convulsions
stomach cramps
vomiting
hallucinations
The Van Urk reagent was used to test a sample and it turned blueish purple. This indicates the presence of....
LSD
Which technique allows for both seperation and specific identification of a questioned mixture of a substance?
GC/MS
The ability to make a positive identification of a drug using UV spectrophotometry is ______ _____ the ability to make a positive identification using IR spectrophotometry
LESS than
What is the most widely used and abused drug?
Alchohol
The DIllie-Koppanyi reagent is useful in screening for....
Barbituates
The most difficult drug addiction to over come is....
crack cocaine
What is a positive thing anxiety drugs do?
Reduce tension
Which part pf cannabis contains the least amount of THC?
Seeds
Drugs deemed to have the highest potential for abuse and having a current medical use are listed in which schedule of the Controlled Substances Act?
Schedule II (2)
What is the reagent used for the field test for heroin?
Marquis
Under US federal drug laws what classification is cocaine listed under?
Why is this incorrect?
Narcotics
Incorrect because narcotics are downers which slow down the central nervous system cocaine is a stimulant (upper) which speeds up the central nervous system. Exactly the opposite
What is the most widely used illicit drug in the US?
POT
What opium derivative is most widely used by addicts?
Heroin
On what three criteria does the Controlled Substance Act classify dangerous substances?
Potential for:
ABUSE
Psychological and physical dependence
Medical Use
Name the two most commonly abused illegal stimulants.
Crack Cocaine
Amphetamines
What physical state has volume but NO specific shape?
Liquid
The photons of which source have the LEAST amount of energy?
RADIO waves
Organic Chemistry is the study of compounds based on...
CARBON
Sublimation is defined as a changes state from ____ to____
solid to gas
What is an example of Sublimination
IODINE when heated goes from a solid to a gas
a length of a packed column is ______ than a capillary tube.
SHORTER
Spectrophotometry utilizes which light sources?
Visible
Infrared
UV
a qualitiative test will reveal the ....
Identity of the material
TLC uses _____ as its moving(mobile) phase
Liquid
Gas chromotography suffers a biig drawback in that it does not produce specific identification. This problem is overcome by connecting the GC to a...
MS (Mass Spectrophotometry) confirmatory test.
Which chromatography process is used to analyze organic expolsives and heat-sensitive drugs?
HPLC, because it takes place at ROOM TEMP
The attraction between the molecules of a gas is_________the attraction between the molecules of a liquid.
LESS THAN
Gas chromotography separates mixture on the basis of their distribution between a .......
moving gas phase and a stationary liquid phase
What are the three forms of matter?
solid liquid gas
Gas has no ____ volume
specific
What is Qualitative determination?
IDENTIFICATION of a substance
what is quantitative determination?
PERCENTAGE amount of each substance
Which two models to scientists use to explain the nature of light? Under what conditions does each model best describe the behavior of light?
Continuing wave function--- when light is moving around freely
photons--- when light is being absorbed by something
What are the strengths of ultaviolet spectrophotometry?
It is a SIMPLE way to determine a possible identity.
What are the weaknesses of ultravilot spectrophotmetry?
it is NOT confirmatory and NOT difinitive because other substance can have that same mass absorbtion. You need to do an IR or GC test to confirm it. You also cannot take this to court, you have to confrim it with a IR or GC test first.
What is the greatest drawback of spectrophotometry?
What technique is often employed when the spectrophotmetry cannot be used?
The substance has to be PURE. If a mixture is not pure and it is a MIXTURE you can use CHROMOTOGRAPHY to separate out the mixtures.
A natural or synthetic substance used to produce a physiological or psychological effects
DRUGS
How many cocaine users are there?
6 million
How many americans use illicit durgs?
23 million
How many americans consume alcohol on a reg basis?
90 million
10 million alcoholics
People become addicted to drugs based on....(5)
nature of drug
dosage
administration
frequency
metabolism of individual
Conditioned use of a drug caused by underlying EMOTIONAL needs
Psychological dependence
sluggishness, lethargy
NARCOTICS
What are the 4 narcotics?
morphine
heroin
methadone
codine
substances that bring relief from pain and produce sleep.
Narcotics
are narcotics deppessants or stimulants?
DEPRESSANT
What are the Depressant drugs?
barbituates (long/shoty acting)
alcohol
valuim
What are the stimulant drugs?
amphetamines
cocaine
caffeine
nicotine
what are the hallucinogens?
pot
lsd
pcp
What three drugs have the lowest potential for psychologocal dependence?
pot
lsd
codine
What two druges have the highest phsycial dependece?
alcohol
herion
What three drugs have the lowest physical dependence?
pot
lsd
cocaine
What is morphine extracted from?
opium
What is commonly used to dilute heroin? WHY?
Quinine
it has the same bitter taste as heroin
What are other dilutants commonly used to dilute heroin?
starch
lactose
novacain
mannitol
what is present in opium but usually prepared synthetically form morphine?
codeine
If there are a million people prescribed to oxycotin how many people abuse it?
25%
This drug has minimal side effects when stopped.
Methadone
Drugs that can induce changes is mood, attitude, thought process, and preceptions
Hallucinogens
How many people have tried pot
more than 43 million
What year did federal government ans 46 states have laws prohibiting the use and posesseion of pot?
1937
What comes from pot?
THC
Which part of POT contains the MOST THC?
Resin
flowers
leaves
Who first ingested LSD in 1943 in his chemistry lab?
Albert Hofmann
LSD is very potent in ____ amounts and lasts up to ____ hours
SMALL
12
What does LSD come from?
fungus that grows on grass, grains, wheats, such as erogot a fungus that grows on RYe
Feelings of strength with a dreamy sense of detachment
PCP
Produce relaxing tranquility without impairing "thinking" abilities or inducing sleep.
antiphsychotic/ antianxiety drugs
Halogenated Hydrocrabons come from_____ and can ...
HUFFING
Cause DEATH
Smokable form of meth, similar to crack cocaine, but the effects last longer
ICE
Who experimented with cocaine in 1884-1887
Sigmund Freud
Short amount of time in large amounts
ACUTE
long amount of time in small amounts
Chronic
What do date rape drugs (GHB and Rohypnol) do?
DEPRESS the central nrevous system
drowsiness
dizzy
confusion
memory loss 12-6 hours after taking
What are androgen effects of testosterone?
Secondary male charachteristics
what are anabolic effects of testosterone?
accelerates muscle growth
High potential for abuse
no medical use
Schedule:
Drugs:
Schedule 1
heroin
pot
lsd
high potential for abuse with restricted medical use
schedule:
drugs:
Schedule 2
cocaine
PCP
some barbituates
moderate potential for abuse with accepted medical use
schedule:
durg:
schedule 3
anabolic steroids
any barbituates not in schedule 2
low potential for abuse with accepted medical use
schedule:
durgs:
schedule 4
valium
least potential for abuse
schedule:
drug:
schedule 5
opiate drugs containing nonnarcotic mixtures
Marquis test
purple - heroin
orange-brown -amphetamine
Dilli-Koppanyi test
purple blue- barbituates
Duquenois-Levine
purple -POT
Van urk
blue purple LSD
Scott Test
COCAINE (many steps)
Microcrystalline test are ____ specific than color test
MORE
GS and MS are only useful when you ...
add them together
GS/MS:
Materials ____ the GS and ____the MS where the materials are subjected to high energy____ that cause the material to ____. No two substances _____ in a familar fashion
This ____ pattern serves as a ____ of a chemical substance
exit
enter
electrons
break apart
fragment
fragmation
fingerprint
No other plant on earth produces the --------- that ---- does
jelly like hairs that pot does.
Pot does NOT require a ---- test or an ---- test.
GC or IR
detect and identify drugs and posions in the body fluids tissues and organs
forensic toxicologists
where do forensic toxicologists look in the body? (3)
tissue
fluids
organs
__% of all traffic deaths are alcohol realted.
40%
What is another word for alcohol?
Ethanol
passage of alcohol across the wall of the stomach and small intestine into the bloodstream
passage
What part of the brain is most susceptible to alcohol?
the FOREBRAIN
The extent of ____ is ____ to the concentration of the alcohol within the nerve ___
depression
proportional
cells
____ ____ concentration is____ ____ to the concentration of the alcohol in the ____
blood alcohol
directly proportional
brain
(When one increases the other increses)
Alcohol appears in blood within ____ after consumtion
minutes
How long does it take after the last sip of alcohol to take absorption back to zero?
30-90 minutes
Rate at which alcohol is absorbed into the blood depends on (4)
time taken to drink
alcohol content
amount consumed
how much food in the stomach
On an empty stomach alcohol is absorbed much _____
FASTER
One absorption is complete, alcohol becomes uniformly distributed in ALL the _______ _________ of the body
watery portions
What are the two ways to eliminate alcohol?
Oxidation
Excretion
takes place within the liver and breaks alcohol down into different chemicals
Oxidation
remaining alcohol is excreted UNCHANGED in breath, urine, and sweat
Excretion
Does alcohol change chemicals during excretion?
NONONONONONONO!!! it is UNCHANGED!!!!!
carried blood away from heart
artery
carries blood to the heat
vein
interconnect arteries and veins
capillaries
Alcohol in the blood is carried to the ____
LIVER
How much blood carrying alcohol goes to the liver?
95-98%
How much blood carrying alcohol goes to the heart?
5-2%
After circulation, blood contains very little ____ so the blood then goes to the ___
oxygen
lungs
blood enters in the ____ ____ and then is forced in the lower chamber called the ___ ____
right atrium
right ventricle
Small sacs in the lungs with walls that allow for passage of air and other vapors, between breath and blood
Alveoli
What do the Alveoli's allow for?
intake of oxygen and removal of carbon dioxde
Testing for intoxication involves (4)
testing motorists
no inconvenience for motorist
no physical harm
reliable
During the _______ phase the breath test might read ______ than the blood test.
absorption
HIgher
In 1954 the first breath tests included what to measure the amount of alcohol on the breath?
the extent of COLOR CHANGE and CHEMICALS
What is the fancy name for a portable breath test?
Fuel Cell Detector
What is the fuel in a fuel cell detector?
breath alcohol
What is the oxidant in a feul cell detector?
Oxygen
What do fuel and oxidant combinded produce-----
which the produces----
acetic acid
elctrical current
to get an accurate breath test the person must (2)
deep lung breath
breath for at least 5-10 seconds straight
What is the difference between mouth alcohol and breath alcohol?
Mouth- burping, recent intake of alcohol, recent gargeling of mouth wash
causes the alcohol concentration detected in breath to be higher than it should be.
How long do you have to wait after taking a drink of booze or burping before you can get an accurate breath test?
15-20 mins
HOrizontal gaze Nystagmus (eye test)
look for jerking of the eye as it moves from side to side
the more intoxicated a person is the more thier eye will jerk at ---- angles and ----distance
smaller
less
What are the divided attention tasks?
walk and turn for about 9 steps
one leg stand
In GC you can determine the amount of alcohol in the blood. The _____ the peak the____ alcohol concentration in a persons blood
Higher
greater
What does an anticoagulant do?
prevents blood from clotting
What does a preservative added to blood do?
inhibits growth of mircoorganisims
What are the most signifigant factors affecting alcohol's stability in blood (3)
storage temp (refridgerated!)
preservaative (don't let things grow in blood!)
time of storage
ethyl alcohol is generated form...
bacterial action
Where do you collect blood samples from a dead person?
heart
femoral (leg)
Cubital(arm)