Toxicology Anticoagulant Rodenticides

Front 1

What is an example of a first generation anticoagulant rodenticide?

Back 1

warfarin

Front 2

What is are examples of second generation anticoagulant rodenticides?

Back 2

Brodifacinone
diphacinone
bromadiolone

Front 3

What are the properties and source of anticoagulant rodenticides?

Back 3

these rodenticides are oderless and taste less and stay in the environment for weeks

sources are ingestion of baits or eating contaminated feed

Front 4

When is first generation anticoagulant rodenticide (like warfarin) the most toxic?

Back 4

when ingested daily for about a week

single dose may be 50-100 times multiple dose toxicity

Front 5

When is second generation anticoagulant rodenicide the most toxic?

Back 5

after one dose

Front 6

What are factors that enhance toxicity of anticoagulant rodenticide toxicosis?

Back 6

-vit k def
-liver disease
-enzyme inhibitors
-drugs that displace albumin
-administration of steroids
-trauma
-renal insufficiency
-newborn or sick animals

Front 7

What is the mechanism of action for anticoagulant rodenticide?

Back 7

-inhibition of vit k epoxide reductace
-depletion of reduced vir k
-reduced carboxylation and activation of precursors of clotthing factors II VII IX X
-second generation more potent than first

Front 8

What are the clinical signs of anticoagulant rodenticide toxicosis?

Back 8

from 1-5 days see onset of signs

signs include
-tachypnea or dyspnea
-anorexia and lethargy
-signs of hemorrhage
-animals dying without external evidence
-abortion may occur in cattle

Front 9

What lesions are associated with anticoagulant rodenticide toxicosis?

Back 9

-intrapulmonary, intrathoracic, intra-abdominal hemorhage
-petichiateion and ecchymosis
-animals may develop bacterial pneumonia

Front 10

What laboratory diagnosis can you used to detect anticoagulant rodenticide toxicosis?

Back 10

-chemical analysis of blood, sera or plasma in a live animal
-samples of the liver
-prolonged coagulations factors
-activated coagulation time
-one stage prothrombin time
-activated partion thromboplastin time
-proteins induced by vit k antagonists

Front 11

How do you diagnose anticoagulant rodenticide toxicosis?

Back 11

-history
-clinical signs and lesions of extensive bleeding
-laboratory diagnosis
-response to vitamin k1 therapy

Front 12

What are differential diagnoses of anticoagulant rodenticide toxicosis?

Back 12

-spoiled sweet clover (cattle & horses)
-vik K def (swine and poultry)
-conditions associated with hemorrhage such as ricin, saponins, monocrotaline, gossypol, aflatoxinx, inorgainc arsenic, iron, zinc phosphide
-anaphylatic conditions

Front 13

How do you treat anticoagulant rodenticide toxicosis?

Back 13

-whole blood
-plasma
-fluid therapy
-O2 therapy
-thoracocentesis
-vit K 1

Front 14

What is the prognosisof anticoagulant rodenticide toxicosis?

Back 14

good if hemorrhage is not severe