Toxicolocy

Front 1

What are some targets of toxins?

Back 1

Organs, cells, some macromolecules.
Not all lethal, but can cause disease, damamge genetic alteration.

Front 2

What is the definition of a poison?

Back 2

Any substance capable of producing an undesirable effect in a biological system seriously effecting function or producing death.

Front 3

Toxicity can depend on?

Back 3

Environmental concentration recieved
properties of toxicant
frequency of exposure
length of exposure

Front 4

Toxicants

Back 4

Substances the produce adverse effects of any nature;chemical or physical

Front 5

Toxin

Back 5

Specific proteins produced by living organisms.
mushrooms or tetanus
most exhibit immediate effects

Front 6

2 types of toxic substances

Back 6

Discrete toxic chemical
Mixture of toxic chemicals

Hint 6

Lead chromate discrete
gasoline mixture

Front 7

Organic toxins

Back 7

Substances that were originally derived from living organisms

Hint 7

contain carbon and often large molecules can be synthesized as well as obtained from natural sources

Front 8

Inorganic Toxins

Back 8

Specific chemicals not derived from living organisms

Front 9

Systemic toxins

Back 9

One that effects the entire body or many organs rather than specific sites

Hint 9

Potassium cyanide effects virtually every cell and organ in the body, interferes with oxygen uptake

Front 10

Organ toxins

Back 10

Effects specific tissues or organs while producing damage to the whole body

Hint 10

Lead targets nervous system, kidney, and hematopoietic sys.

Front 11

4 types of cells

Back 11

Basic structure (cuboidal)
Tissue type (hepatocytes)
Germinal cells (ova & Sperm)
Somatic (non reproduction)

Front 12

Dose

Back 12

Amount of substances administered at one time

Front 13

4 types of dosages

Back 13

Exposure dose
Absorbed dose
Administered dose
Total dose

Front 14

Exposure Dose

Back 14

Amount of Xenobiotic encountered in the environment

Front 15

Absorbed Dose

Back 15

The actual amount of the exposed dose that enters the body

Front 16

Administered Dose

Back 16

Quantity administered usually orally or injected

Front 17

Total Dose

Back 17

Sum of all individual doses

Front 18

Fractionating

Back 18

Total dose decreases probability that total dose will cause toxicity

Hint 18

Body can repair itself from effects of each subtoxic dose

Front 19

Dose response relationship

Back 19

Establishes causality that the chemical has induced observed effects. Establishes lowest dose where an induced effect occurs(threshold effect). Determines rate at which injury builds up

Front 20

Threshold

Back 20

Toxic effect occurs where the body has ability to detoxify a Xenobiotic or repair toxic injury if dosage is exceeded