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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
What are some targets of toxins?
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Organs, cells, some macromolecules.
Not all lethal, but can cause disease, damamge genetic alteration. |
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What is the definition of a poison?
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Any substance capable of producing an undesirable effect in a biological system seriously effecting function or producing death.
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Toxicity can depend on?
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Environmental concentration recieved
properties of toxicant frequency of exposure length of exposure |
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Toxicants
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Substances the produce adverse effects of any nature;chemical or physical
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Toxin
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Specific proteins produced by living organisms.
mushrooms or tetanus most exhibit immediate effects |
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2 types of toxic substances
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Discrete toxic chemical
Mixture of toxic chemicals |
Lead chromate discrete
gasoline mixture |
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Organic toxins
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Substances that were originally derived from living organisms
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contain carbon and often large molecules can be synthesized as well as obtained from natural sources
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Inorganic Toxins
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Specific chemicals not derived from living organisms
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Systemic toxins
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One that effects the entire body or many organs rather than specific sites
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Potassium cyanide effects virtually every cell and organ in the body, interferes with oxygen uptake
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Organ toxins
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Effects specific tissues or organs while producing damage to the whole body
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Lead targets nervous system, kidney, and hematopoietic sys.
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4 types of cells
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Basic structure (cuboidal)
Tissue type (hepatocytes) Germinal cells (ova & Sperm) Somatic (non reproduction) |
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Dose
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Amount of substances administered at one time
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4 types of dosages
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Exposure dose
Absorbed dose Administered dose Total dose |
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Exposure Dose
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Amount of Xenobiotic encountered in the environment
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Absorbed Dose
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The actual amount of the exposed dose that enters the body
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Administered Dose
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Quantity administered usually orally or injected
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Total Dose
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Sum of all individual doses
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Fractionating
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Total dose decreases probability that total dose will cause toxicity
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Body can repair itself from effects of each subtoxic dose
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Dose response relationship
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Establishes causality that the chemical has induced observed effects. Establishes lowest dose where an induced effect occurs(threshold effect). Determines rate at which injury builds up
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Threshold
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Toxic effect occurs where the body has ability to detoxify a Xenobiotic or repair toxic injury if dosage is exceeded
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