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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define
Herbal Preparation |
Dietary supp which may be derived from plant (raw/extraction) or non-plant materials
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Define
Homeopathic Preparation |
Follows 2 Principles:
1. Law of Similars (like treats like) 2. Law of infinitesimals (the more dilute the remedy, the more potent) |
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How are herbal remedies regulated?
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They are considered "Dietary Supplements" - not medications - so they don't need all the crazy testing.
FDA DOES regulate Label Claims (does not cure insomnia, but it promotes sleep) |
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What is the Act concerning these dietary supplements?
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1994 DSHEA = Dietary Supp Health and Education Act
-Label cannot 'treat a dz' can only 'support a body system or function' -FDA must get these things pulled, they won't do it themselves like bad drugs should |
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What herbals should you watch for if you have an animal with:
Kidney disease |
Licorice Root
Mineralocorticoid fx Parsley Irritate/Damage Renal epithelia |
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What herbals should you watch for if you have an animal with:
Autoimmune diseases (diabetes, ms, etc...) |
Echinacea
Reishi and Maitake Mushrooms Astragalus Touted for anticancer among other things... but they enhance the Immune System and therefore are a bad call for AutoImmune Dz |
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What herbals should you watch for if you have an animal with:
Liver Disease |
Eucalyptus
Used for resp inflammation ...but induces Liver Enzyme Activity |
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What herbals should you watch for if you have an animal with:
Thyroid Disease |
Kelp - may contain Iodine (can go hyper or hypo)
Bugleweed (gypsywort) - hard to titrate, may easily cause a harmful decrease in thyroid function |
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Herbal Toxins
Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids |
Found in over 60 plants that are used in herbal medications.
Hepatotoxic! Causes Hepatovenocclusive disease |
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Senecio, toxicity?
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Contains Pyrrizolidine toxins - but varies depending on time of year and where the plant grew.
*Length of time plant is stored may also have an effect, like with Crotalaria |
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What herbal product contains subsalicylates and thus should NOT be used in cats?
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White Willow Bark
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What else BESIDES the plant can be in Dietary Supplements that makes them dangerous?
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ACTUAL MEDS!
Anything from Aspirin to Steroids to Heavy Metals --- things can slip by, so be careful! |
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Back to Dietary Supplements:
What can potentially cause allergic reactions? |
Royal Jelly (milky secretion honeybees make for queen) - may cause severe bronchospasm in anyone
Chamomile - may cause anaphylaxis, possibly more prone in folks allergic to ragweed. |
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What are some drug interactions to be aware of concerning herbal remedies?
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Warfarin:
Increased Bleeding with GARLIC or GINKGO BILOBA (also aspirin) Decreased Clotting with GINSENG and St.JOHN's WORT Alprazolam - sedative with KAVA Paroxetine - Serotonin Syndrome w/StJWORT |
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So Warfarin is bad with - what? (again)
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3G's
Garlic, Ginkgo, Ginseng |
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Pennyroyal Oil
(Royal Oil c'mon bubble and boil) |
direct damage to target cell proteins AND depletes hepatic glutathione
--liver/kidney damage, death can be confused with Mint (same family) Tx - NAC, supportive care |
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White Willow Bark
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Salicylate (CNS tox, Acid-Base, e-, Coagulopathy)
**Cats** Tx - supportive care |
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Garlic
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Inhibits plts, lowers blood lipids and sugars.
toxic to GI and Hematopoietic Heinz Body Anemia in CATS Tx - supportive care |
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Melaleuca (Tea Tree) Oil
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CNS toxicity
unknown mechanism (used as antifungal/antibacterial) Tx - supportive care |
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Comfrey
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Binds DNA, RNA, proteins -> Carcinogenic
Tx - NAC, supportive care |
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St. John's Wort
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MAOI and SSRI (nature's prozac)
-Skin/CNS -- Photosensitivity and Serotonin Syndrome Tx - support ***MANY Drug Interactions |
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Kava Kava
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CNS D-R Antagonist
--CNS, Liver Hepatitis, Hepatic Failure, CNS depression Tx - supportive care |
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Hops
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*may cause Malignant Hyperthermia like reaction in dogs (particularly Greyhounds)
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