Tour Of The Cell

Front 1

Types of cells on earth

Back 1

Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

Front 2

Name the domains on Prokaryotes cells?

Back 2

1. Bacteria
2. Archea

Front 3

name Domains for Eukaryotes cells?

Back 3

1. Animals
2. Plants
3. Protists
4. fungi

Front 4

All cells have ?

Back 4

Cytoplasm
cell memebranes

Front 5

Differences bt Prokaryotes cells and Eukaryotes cells?

Back 5

1. Prokaryotes
*have no nucleus
* have no other membrane enclosed organelles

2. Eukaryotes
*Do nave a nucleus and numerous organelles

Front 6

Plants and Animals have most of the same organelles except:

Back 6

Plants have but Animals dont:
*Cell walls
*Chloroplasts
*Central Vacuole

*membrane enclosed organelles
*Plasmodesmata

Front 7

Animals cells have that plants don't?

Back 7

*Lysosomes
*Centrosomes (with centrioles)
*Flagella (but present in some plant sperm).

Front 8

The plants have membrane-enclosed organelles called?

Back 8

Plastids

Front 9

Most important Plastids is?

Back 9

The most important one is Chloroplast; which carries out photosynthesis.

Front 10

Nucleus

Back 10

contains most of the genes in the eukaryotic cell (some genes are located in mitochondria and chloroplasts)

Front 11

Nuclear envelope

Back 11

encloses the nucleus separating its contents from the cytoplasm. IT is double membrane

Front 12

Pore Complex

Back 12

Lines each pore of the nuclear membrane, playing an important role in regulating the entry and exit of most proteins and RNA and large complexes of macromolecules.

Front 13

Nuclear Lamina

Back 13

a netlike array of proteins filaments that maintains the shape of the nucleus by mechanically supporting the nuclear envelope

Front 14

Chromosomes

Back 14

structures that carry the genetic information. Each Chromosome is made up of a material called CHROMATIN

Front 15

Chromatin

Back 15

a complex of protein and DNA

Front 16

How many chromosomes do human have?

Back 16

46 chromosomes the exceptions are the sex cells (egg and sperm)which have only 23 chromosomes.

Front 17

Nucleolus

Back 17

a round structure visible in the nondividing nucleus,synthesizes and assembles ribosomes (ribosomal RNA)(rRNA)is made here by the instructions of the DNA.
Also, pr imported from the cytoplasm are assembled with rRNA into large and small ribosomal subunits. In cytoplams can be assmble as a ribosome.

Front 18

Ribosomes

Back 18

are complexes made of ribosomal RNA and protein, are the cellular componetns that carry out protein sytnthesis

Front 19

Ribosomes are located in two places in the cell?

Back 19

1. Cytosol (free ribosomes)
2. Endoplasmic reticulum or nuclear pores (bound ribosomes)

Front 20

Endomembrane system includes:

Back 20

1. Nuclear envelope
2. endoplasmic reticulum
3. Golgi apparatus
4. Lysosomes
5. vacuoles
6. Plasma membrane

Front 21

Endoplastic reticulum (ER)

Back 21

is the most extensive network of membranes that it accounts for more than half the total membrane in many eukaryotic cells. It Consist of a network of membranous tubules and sacs called cisternae. Two kids of them, Rough and Smooth.

Front 22

Function of the Smooth ER

Back 22

Serves diveres fuctions in different cells:
*It enzymes are involved in phospholipid, steroid, and sex hormone sythesis
*Metabolism of carbohydrates
*detoxification of drugs and poisons.
*storage and release of calcium ions during muscle contraction

Front 23

How does Barbitureats, alcohol, and other drugs affect smooth ER?

Back 23

It increases a live cell's production of smooth ER, leading to an increased tolerance and thus reduced effectiveness for these and other drugs.

Front 24

Functions of Rough ER

Back 24

*aids in synthesis of secretory and or other proteins from bounded ribosomes.
*adds carbohydrate to glycoproteins
*produce new membrane

Front 25

Glycoprotein?

Back 25

proteins that have a carbohydrate attached to it

Front 26

Golgi Apparatus

Back 26

"shipping and receiving Center"
*consist of a stack of falttened membranous sacs. Vesicles that bud from the ER join to the cis face of the Golgi, adding to it their contents and membrane.
*products that travel through the Golgi are usually modified or refined as they move from one cisterna to the next.
*some polysaccharides are manufacture here
*the products are sorted into vesicles, which pinch off from the trans face of the Golgi.

Front 27

Lysosomes

Back 27

"Digestive Compartments"
*are a membrane-enclosed sacs of hydrolytic enzymes used by the cell to digest macromolecules. The cell can maintain an acidic pH for these enzymes and also protest itself from unwated digestion by containing hydrolitc enzymes within lysosomes.

Front 28

phagocytosis

Back 28

eat by engulfing smaller organisms or other food particles