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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Physical, chemical, and genetic barriers that block invsasion at the portal of entry
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1st line of defense
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nonspecific cells and fluids within the body that act after pathogens gain entry
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2nd line of defense
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specific activities of the immune system
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3rd line of defense
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These are directed against a a variety of pathogens
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nonspecific host defenses
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Natural host resistance when organisms pathogenic for one species may not be pathogenic for another
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Species specificity
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Three things that affect defenses
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Age, Stress, and Diet
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Skin, Mouth and nose, Stomach and intestines are examples of
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Anatomical Defenses
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This intact tissue serves as a barrier to penetration by microorganisms (physical barrier)
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skin
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Most organisms must first establish themselves at site of infection, if the site is not compatible it will not multiply
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Tissue Specificity
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A reaction to an infection and mechanical injury
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Inflammatory response
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An abnormal increase in body temperature caused by pyrogenic organism
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fever
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when the pyrogenic organism comes from outside the body
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Exogenouse pyrogens
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When the body itself produces a fever-inducing substance as a reaction to inflammation
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endogenous pyrogens
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Tissue bound phagocytes
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Macrophage
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these migrate out of blood into tissue to become macrophage
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monocytes
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These have the ability to leave the blood, enter an infected tissue, and destroy microbes
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Neutrophils
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Phagocytes kill microbes by releasing toxic forms of?
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oxygen
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These organisms are highly resistant to phagocytosis
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Encapsulated organisms
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this is a localized accumulation of dead white blood cells
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pus
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Pathogens that produce lukocidins
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destroy phagocytes and are released alive
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These pathogens are readily phagocytized but do not kill the phagocytic cell and are not killed by it
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Intracellular pathogens
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these can remain alive for long period of time and can even reproduce within the phagocyte
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intracellular pathogens
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When growing intracellularly the organism is protected from immune mechanisms of the host and is less susceptible to
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drug therapy
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Viruses, Chlarydias, Rickettsias, and some protozoa are examples of
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Intracellular pathogens
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This is a defensive system consisting of ove 30 proteins produced by the liver and found circulating in blood serum and within tissues throughout the body
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Complement system
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They destroy microorganisms by punching holes in their membranes "cytolysis"
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Complement system
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Three protein complement activations
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Cytolysis (punching holes in their membranes), Opsonization (enhancing phagocytosis), and inhancing inflammatory response
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Protiens produced by lymphocytes and virus infected cells that interfer with viruses
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Interferons
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block viral multiplication in neighboring cells
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Interferons
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