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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What's a gene? |
Section of DNA that contains the coded information for making polypeptides and functional RNA |
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What does degenerate mean?
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some amino acids coded for by more than one triplet |
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what does universal mean? |
the same specific base triplets code for same amino acids in all living things |
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what does non-overlapping mean? |
each triplet is read in sequence, separate from the triplet before and after it |
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characteristics of DNA in prokaryotes |
short circular not associated with proteins |
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characteristics of DNA in eukaryotes |
longer, linear (form a line) associated with proteins to form chromosomes they also have prokaryotic-like DNA |
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what's a locus |
the position of a gene on a chromosome/molecule
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what are homologous chromosomes? |
pair of chromosomes, one maternal and one paternal that have the same gene loci and therefore determine the same features |
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what's an allele |
one of a number of alternative forms of a gene |
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how are chromosomes compacted? |
DNA combined with histones - wound around them coiled to form loops loops coil and pack together |
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what's a genome? |
the complete set of genes in a cell |
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what's a proteome? |
the full range of proteins that a cell is able to produce |
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what's an exon? |
codes for amino acids
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what's an intron? |
non-coding multiple repeats of base sequences between genes |
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messenger RNA function |
carries genetic code from RNA to ribosomes |
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messenger RNA structure |
base codon phosphate ribose sugar |
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transfer RNA function |
carries amino acids to make proteins to the ribosomes |
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transfer RNA strucutre |
amino acid binding site H-bonds between bases anticodon |
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messenger RNA is... |
...long strand, arranged in double helix, large, great variety of types |
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transfer RNA is... |
...single-stranded, folded into clover-leaf shape, smaller, fewer variety of types |
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RNA is... |
...smaller than DNA usually single stranded has ribose sugar contains uracil |
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DNA is... |
...double helix has deoxyribose sugar contains thymine |
