Topic 6.1 Digestive System

Front 1

Alimentary Canal

Back 1

Continuous tube that extends from the mouth to the anus in which food is processed and eliminated ; Gastrointestinal Tract

Front 2

Amylase

Back 2

Amylase is an enzyme that breaks starch down into sugars ; present in human saliva

Front 3

Anus

Back 3

Excretory opening at the end of the alimentary canal to expel feces and unwanted semi-solid matter produced during digestion

Front 4

Appendix

Back 4

Small pouch attached by the cecum

Front 5

Ascending Colon

Back 5

Part of large intestine that ascends from the cecum to transverse colon

Front 6

Assimilation

Back 6

Metabolic conversion of nutrients into tissue

Front 7

Bolus

Back 7

Round mass of food that has been chewed and swallowed

Front 8

Bile

Back 8

Digestive juice secreted in the liver ad stored in the gallbladder ; helps digest fats

Front 9

Chyme

Back 9

Partially digested food that passes from the stomach through the pyloric sphincter and into the duodenum

Front 10

Defecation

Back 10

Passage of bowel contents through rectum and anus

Front 11

Descending colon

Back 11

Last part of the large intestine before the anus that connects that descends from transverse to sigmoid

Front 12

Duodenum

Back 12

First 12 inches of small intestine ; Bile and pancreatic fluids flow into the duodenum through ducts from the liver and pancreas

Front 13

Epiglottis

Back 13

A flap of tissue that closes off the trachea during swallowing

Front 14

Esophagus

Back 14

Passage between pharynx and stomach

Front 15

Feces

Back 15

Body wastes excreted through the anus from the large intestine; also called stool.

Front 16

Gallbladder

Back 16

Pear-shaped receptacle on the lower surface of the liver that acts as a storage reservoir for bile

Front 17

Ileum

Back 17

Digests and absorbs nutrients, and Absorbs electrolytes.

Front 18

Jejunum

Back 18

Reabsorbs bile salts and absorption of nutrients during digestion.

Front 19

Large Intestine

Back 19

Also known as the colon and begins with the cecum to the rectum and is responsible for formation and storage of feces and absorption of water

Front 20

Lipase

Back 20

Catalyzes the breakdown of fats into individual fatty acids that can be absorbed into the bloodstream

Front 21

Liver

Back 21

Produces bile, helps in the formation of certain blood proteins and in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins

Front 22

Mastication

Back 22

Process by which food is crushed and ground by teeth. It is the first step of digestion and it increases the surface area of foods to allow more efficient break down by enzymes

Front 23

Mouth

Back 23

Location of mastication, first process in digestion

Front 24

Pancreas

Back 24

Large exocrine gland that secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine

Front 25

Parotid Glands

Back 25

Largest salivary gland that produces 50% daytime saliva

Front 26

Peristalsis

Back 26

Process of contraction and expansion by which food is moved through your intestines and into your bowel

Front 27

Peyer's Patches

Back 27

Lymphoid nodules on the inner wall of small intestine

Front 28

Pharynx

Back 28

Part of the alimentary canal that extends from the mouth and nasal cavities to the larynx, where it becomes continuous with the esophagus

Front 29

Protease

Back 29

Enzyme that degrades proteins by hydrolyzing peptide bonds

Front 30

Pyloric Sphincter

Back 30

Sphincter muscle of the pylorus that separates the stomach from the duodenum

Front 31

Rectum

Back 31

Storage area for fecal waste

Front 32

Rugae

Back 32

folds in the stomach mucosa that stretch when food enters

Front 33

Small Intestine

Back 33

Section of the gastrointestinal tract which digests food and absorbs nutrients after they have passed through the stomach

Front 34

Sphincter

Back 34

Band of muscle that surrounds a bodily opening, constricting and relaxing as required for normal physiological functioning

Front 35

Stomach

Back 35

Muscular organ of the digestive system that stores food, secretes chemicals that help break the food into more digestible forms, and controls the passage of food into the small intestine.

Front 36

Sublingual Gland

Back 36

Salivary gland that produces mucin

Front 37

Submandibular Gland

Back 37

Salivary glands located beneath the floor of the mouth. In humans, they account for 70% of the salivary volume and weigh about 15 grams.

Front 38

Teeth

Back 38

Used in mastication

Front 39

Tongue

Back 39

mobile mass of muscular tissue covered with mucous membrane and located in the oral cavity ; helps form bolus

Front 40

Transverse colon

Back 40

Part of the large intestine that extends across the abdominal cavity and joins the ascending to the descending colon

Front 41

Villus

Back 41

Hair-like protrusions into the intestin that emanate from the wall of the intestine. The purpose of the villi is to slow the passage of food

Front 42

Trypsin

Back 42

Enzyme of pancreatic origin; catalyzes the hydrolysis of proteins to smaller polypeptide units