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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Heredity |
The transfer of characteristics from parents to their offspring |
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Genetics |
The study of heredity |
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Genetic traits |
Characteristics passed from parents to offspring in their genes |
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Gene |
A section of a DNA molecule that determines the inheritance of a particular characteristic |
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Chromosomes |
Threadlike structures in the nucleus of the cell made up of DNA |
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Locus |
Position of a gene on a chromosome |
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Alleles |
Different forms of the same gene |
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Meiosis |
Cell division that forms four haploid cells from one diploid cell |
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Haploid |
Cell with only a single set of unpaired chromosomes |
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Diploid number |
Number of chromosomes in the cells of an organism |
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Homologous pairs |
Chromosomes having the same sequence of genes along their length |
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Homozygous/homozygote |
Having the same allele for a particular gene on both homologous chromosomes |
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Heterozygous/heterozygote |
Having different alleles for a particular gene on each homologous chromosome |
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Genotype |
The genetic composition of an individual |
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Dominant |
Allele that overrides or masks the characteristics of a recessive allele |
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Recessive |
Allele that is masked by the presence of a dominant allele, and can only appear phenotypically if homozygous |
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Phenotype |
The visible or observable characteristics of an individual |
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Dominance |
A pattern of inheritance in individuals that have two different alleles for a certain gene, one dominant and the other, recessive |
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Cross-pollination |
The transfer of pollen from the anther of the flower to the stigma of another flower on a different plant of the same species |
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Self-pollination |
The transfer of pollen from the anther of a flower to the stigma of either the same flower or another flower on the same plant |
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Monohybrid cross |
A genetic cross between parents that differ by the alleles they have for on particular gene |
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F1 generation |
First filial generation, consisting of the first generation of offspring from a genetic between homozygous parents |
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F2 generation |
Second filial generation, made up of the offspring from the F1 generation |
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Genotypic ratio |
Ratio of genotypes in a generation |
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Phenotypic ratio |
Ratio of phenotypes in a generation |
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Law of segregation |
The characteristics of an Organism are controlled by pairs of alleles which separate randomly into different gamete receives only one allele |
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Dihybrid cross |
Genetic cross between parents that differ in two characteristics controlled by two genes |
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Law of independent assortment |
During gamete formation, segregation pairs of alleles assort independently of each other |
