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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Atom
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An atom is the smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of the element. Matter is composed of atoms. Each atom has smaller parts that make it up called subatomic particles. The subatomic particles of an atom are the protons, neutrons, and electrons.
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Atomic nucleus
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The nucleus of an atom is the central region og the atom that contains the protons and the neutrons. The protons are positively charged while the neutrons are neutral (have no charge). Both protons and neutrons weigh 1 AMU (atomic mass unit).
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Atomic number
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The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom represents the atomic number. If you know the atomic number, you will kow the number of protons. If you know the number of protons , you will know the atomic number.
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Atomic symbol
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The atomic symbol is the letter or letters used to symbolize an element. For example, Oxygen, the atom, is symbolized with the letter O.
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Atomic weight
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The atomic mass number is the atomic weight.
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Chemical reactions
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The making or breaking of chemical bonds between atoms represents chemical reactions. The starting substance or substances of a reaction are called reactants. The resulting substance or substances are called products.
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Covalent Bonds
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Covalent bonds are chemical bonds that result when atoms share electrons. When atoms are reactive or have outer electrom shells (orbits) that are unfilled with electrons, they may react with other atoms that are also reactive. When each atom fills their outer electron shells (orbits) by sharing electrons with other atoms, the bond that results is called a covalent bond.
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Electron configuration
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Electron configuration refers to the order in which electrons fill electron shells (orbits) around the nucleus of an atom. Niels Bohr developed this model in 1913.
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Electrons
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Electrons are subatomic particles found on electron shells outside the nucleus of an atom. Electrons have a negative charge and very little mass. The mass of an electron is so insignificant that it is not included in the atomic mass of an atom.
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Elements
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Subtances that cannot be broken down or changed by ordinary chemical means. All atoms of a given element have the same number of protons.
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Inert
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Atoms with outer electron shells that are full, when the atom is neutral, it will not react with other atoms. Atoms that are non-reactive are called inert. For example, the atom Helium (He) has an atomic number of 2. Helium has 2 protons, which are positively charged. When the helium atom is neutral, it must also have two electrons, which are negatively charged. According to the Bohr model, this atom will have a filled outer electron shell with 2 electrons. Since its outer shell or orbit is filled, it is non-reactive or inert.
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