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16 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
define nucleoside
- sugar plus the nitrogenase base with an OH off of the 5' carbon
define nucleotide
- sugar plus the base and hposphate off of the 5' carbon
What is B DNA?
- smooth right-handed helix
- major and minor groove
- most solvents and proteins work on the major groove by recognizing base pairs
What is Z DNA?
- Left handed helix
- elongated conformation
- no major/minor grooves
What are teh 3 classes of DNA sequence organization based on sequence repeat?
1) single-copy DNA sequences
2) moderately reiterated DNA sequences
3) highly reiterated DNA sequences
Single copy DNA sequences
- 60% of human genome made of unique nucleotide sequences
- codes for specific proteins and regulator sequences
Moderately reiterated DNA sequences
- ~30% of human genome
- genes from gene families
- histone and rRNA-coding sequences
- transposable elements
highly reiterated DNA sequences
-5-10% of genome
- short DNA sequences repeated thousands of times
- telomeres, centromeres, ALU
DNA polymerase I
- 5' to 3' activity
- degrade DNA from 3' or 5' end
- reverse direction to proofread
DNA polymerase III
- 5' to 3' activity
- reverse direction to remove misincoporated nucleotide (3' exonuclase) for unpaired nucleotides
- more more processive than polymerase I
Which strand is associated with Okazaki fragments?
- lagging strand (3' to 5')
What is primase?
- DNA polymerase requires a 3' OH primer
- completely new, single-stranded template, primase adds a primer
What does helicase do?
- binds single-stranded DNA in front of replication fork and separate DNA strands via ATP reaction
What are topoisomerases?
- untwist supercoiled DNA
Topoisomerase I
- catalyses relaxation of supercoiled DNA
- changes DNA linking number by 1
-breaks 1 strand at a time
Topoisomerase II
- catalyzes relaxation of supercoiled DNA
- changes DNA linking number in steps of 2
- breaks 2 strands at a time, 2 points of intersection