Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What are 6 signs of diabetic retinopathy?
|
1- microaneurysms
2- hemorrhages 3- exudates 4- cotton wool spots 5- venous beading 6- IRMA (intraretinal microvascular abnormalities) |
|
|
What are 3 places that neovascularization due to Diabetic retinopathy can occur?
|
1- NVD (of the optic disc)
2- NVE (elsewhere) 3- NVI (of the iris) [always record + or - findings] |
|
|
Is IRMA a "good Thing"? explain...
|
Kind of a good thing. these vessels are functional and feed the retina-but- it indicates there has been an ischemic event. Therefore, overall IRMA is "bad".
|
|
|
Is Neovascularization a bad thing? Why?
|
YES!! These vessels are leaky!
|
|
|
Diabetic retinopathy is a ______ disease.
|
venous
|
|
|
Do dot/blot hemes, exudates, and CSME indicate ischemic events?
|
No---leaky vessels
|
|
|
What does CSME stand for?
|
Clinically significant macular edema.
|
|
|
CSME can occur with DR in _____ stage of the disease.
|
any stage--so look for it!
|
|
|
What 3 types of DR patients need to be referred?
|
1- CSME
2- proliferative DR 3- borderline cases where you are sure sure what is going on. |
|
|
How do "you" (not us) treat CSME?
|
with lasers.
|
|
|
Does HTN Retinopathy cause symptoms?
|
No, usually asymptomatic
|
|
|
What are 6 changes that you will see iwth HTN Retinopathy?
|
1- arteriole narrowing
2- arteriovenous crossing changes 3- copper/silver wire 4- cotton-wool spots 5- flame hemes 6- exudates and macular edema |
|
|
A ________ is a bright refractile plaque in a retinal vessel.
|
Hollenhorst Plaque.
|
|
|
A hollenhorst plaque is am atheroma of the ________ (ipsi/contra) carotid artery and/or other vessels.
|
Ipsilateral
|
|
|
In what quadrant(s) will you see retinal hemorrhages/dilated/tortuous in a CRVO?
|
all 4
|
|
|
Name 2 types of CRVO
|
1- Ischemic
2- non-ischemic (partial/incomplete) |
|
|
How can you have vision loss in a CRVO?
|
when you have macular edema
|
|
|
Name 3 specific vision losses with CRVO.
|
1- central scotoma (over the macula)
2- generalized depression 3- enlarged blind spot |
|
|
There are lots of causes of CRVO, Name 3.
|
1- Atherosclerosis
2- HTN 3- glaucoma |
|
|
What is it called with you have a sector hemorrhage?
|
BRVO
|
|
|
A _______ manifests with sudden, painless vision loss.
|
CRAO
|
|
|
What is the classic sign of a CRAV?
|
cherry red spot (this is b/c the macula is avascular and is fed by the choroid)
|
|
|
Name 7 risks for ARMD
|
1- age (>55)
2- gender (F>M) 3- Race (Cauc) 4- +FHx 5- escessive UV 6- smoking 7- high fat and Chl |
|
|
ARMD is _____ (dry/wet) 90% of the time.
|
Dry!
|
|
|
What is a prevalent sign of ARMD? Where are these located?
|
Drusen (very deep= RPE/Bruchs)
|
|
|
What are 3 signs of dry ARMD?
|
1- drusen
2- pigment mottling 3- geographic atrophy of RPE |
|
|
T or F: patients with ARMD may have a metamorphopsia or a central scotoma.
|
True
|
|
|
What are the vitamins that you can recomend a patient with ARMD to take>?
|
A, C,E, lutein and zinc
|
|
|
What are 3 signs of wet ARMD?
|
1- CNVM
2- subret heme 3- disciform scarring |
|
|
Myelinated Nerve Fibers occurs in ___ of the population.
|
1%
|
|
|
_____ is a continuation of normal myelination anterior to the lamina.
|
Myelinated nerve fibers
|
|
|
What must you distinguish from myelinated nerve fibers?
|
cotton wool spots (both are white and feathery looking b/c they both occure at the level of the NFL)
|
|
|
What is easily mistaken as papilledema?
|
buried nerve head drusen
|
|
|
buried drusen consist of ______ globular deposits.
|
Ca++- like
|
|
|
T of F: an ONH with buried drusen WILL still have a +SVP.
|
TRUE (papilledema will NOT have a +svp)
|
|
|
When you are looking for drusen, look for ______.
|
Flurescence
|
|
|
You will seeing thinning of the ONH rim in ______.
|
glaucoma
|
|
|
______ is basically pathognomic for glaucoma.
|
Drance hemes
|
|
|
T or F: a patient SHOULD follow the ISNT rule t o be "normal"
|
True, you want the inferior to be the thickest
|
|
|
What is a drance heme?
|
hemorrhage at the disc margin
|
|
|
Will you see peripapillary atrophy in glaucoma?
|
yes
|
|
|
With a __________, (a benign condition) you will see an elevated nasal disc and depressed temporal disc.
|
malinserted optic nerve
(NOT the same as tilted disc syndrome) |
|
|
_______ are transient episodes of serous RPE detachments in the macular area.
|
Idiopathic Central Serous Choriodopathy (ICSC)
|
|
|
What is the classic patient manifesting a ICSC and what is the classic sign?
|
20-30 yo male, they see a haze over their vision
|
|
|
Decribe the findings of a patient with ICSC in the following tests:
1- amsler 2- macular photo stress 3- color vision |
1- metamorphopsia
2- reduced 3- blue/yelloe defect |
|
|
Optic neuritis will eventually lead to ______ and an ____.
|
reduced vision, APD
|
|
|
_____ is an examply of optic neuritis.
|
AION
|
|
|
What is the most likely etiology of Optic neuritis in:
1- 20-40 yo. 2- 45-55 yo 3- 60+ yo |
1- (20-40)Demyelinated disease
2- (45-55) Non-inflammatory (AION) 3- (60+) Inflammatory disease |
|
|
_____ is a small vessel disease of the ON indicating an imbalance in the pressure-perfusion ratio.
|
Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuritis
|
|
|
If a person has a macular hole and the vitreous is still attached (- PVD)--is the hole likely to exist unilaterally or bilaterally?
|
bilateral (this doesnt make a bit of sense to me)
|
|
|
a ___________ will look round, reddish-brown, sharp border with a cuff of intraretinal edema.
|
Full thicknedd hole
|
|
|
Dominant Familial Drusen is inherited _____. It is ___ (uni/bilateral). What part of the retina is it located?
|
AD
Bilateral all over the post pole |
