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100 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Lovenox
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Enoxaparin
Factor Xa inhibitor Adjust interval (once daily) in CrCl < 30 Hepatic metabolism |
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Lunesta
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eszopiclone (C-IV)
Non-BZD hypnotic unpleasant taste CYP3A4, LFTs |
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Lyrica
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Pregabalin (C-V)
Misc anticonvulsant/analgesic Sedation Renal adjustment |
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Macrodantin/Macrobid
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Nitrofurantoin
UTI Antiseptic Contraindicated in CrCl < 60 Report pulmonary effects up to 6 mo Discolored urine |
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Maxipime
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Cefepime
4th generation cephalosporin Pseudomonas, SPACE/SPICE Strep pneumo Febrile neutropenia, |
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Medrol
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Methylprednisolone
corticosteroid |
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Merrem
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Meropenem
Carbapenem antibiotic Renally adjust (seizures) Pseudomonas, SPACE/SPICE, Steno maltophilia, Burkholderia |
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Methadose, Dolophine
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Methadone (C-II)
Opioid analgesic Renally adjust, avoid in severe liver DX once daily for addiction Tx via recovery program only. BBW: QTc/Torsades; Resp depres |
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Trexall, Rheumatrex
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Methotrexate (MTX)
S phase, Folate Antimetabolite 16 BBWs, do NOT use in pregnancy Rheumatoid arthritis (DMARD): 7.5 mg PO once weekly or 2.5 mg every 12 hours for 3 doses/week Antineoplastic dosage range: I.V.: Range is wide from 30-40 mg/m2/week to 100-12,000 mg/m2 with leucovorin calcium rescue |
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Miralax
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Polyethylene Glycol 3350, NF
Osmotic laxative |
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Mirapex
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Pramipexole
Dopamine agonist (Antiparkinson's) Postural HypoTN (most common), EPS, dyskinesia, hallucinations |
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MS Contin
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Morphine SO4 CR (C-II) tablet 15 mg, 30 mg, 60 mg, 100 mg, 200 mg
Opioid analgesic Renally adjust 6 BBWs - |
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Namenda
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Memantine
NMDA receptor agonist Dementia (Alzheimer's labelled/vascular unlabelled) |
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Nasonex / Asmanex
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Mometasone furoate nasal 2 sprays each nostril QD/ oral inhaled qPM
Corticosteroid HA, Cough, nose bleed |
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Neoral / Sandimmune / Gengraf / Restasis
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Cyclosporine
Calcineurin inhibitor immune suppres Neoral®/Gengraf® and Sandimmune® are not bioequivalent and cannot be used interchangeably. Transplant rejection, psoriasis, RA, inc tear production in conjunctivitis BBW - experienced physician reqd, risk of infxn/malignancy, HTN, |
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Neupogen / Neulasta
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Filgrastim (daily) / Pegfilgrastim (Q 2 wks)
Granulocyte-CSF Bone pain, pulmonary toxicity w/ bleomycin, Splenic rupture. Use: neutropenia, BMT, Stem cell mobilization, Anemia of myelodysplastic syndrome |
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Neurontin
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Gabapentin
GABA analog / anticonvulsant Renally adjust Monitor WBC Dizziness/somnolence |
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Nexium / Prilosec
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Esomeprazole / Omeprazole
PPIs (Benzimidazole substituted) CYP2C19 > 3A4 Max 20mg in severe liver impairment |
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NicoDerm / Nicorette
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Nicotine (Patch/Gum)
Smoking cessation Unlabelled - ulcerative colitis (patch), adjunct to Haloperidol for Tourette's ADRs: mouth/throat irritation > cough (inhaler); HA |
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Niferex
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Polysaccharide-Iron Complex
Iron deficiency anemia BBW: OD = fatal poisoning in children < 6 y.o. Can stain teeth (straw), separate from meals (best absorption), GI |
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Nitrostat
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Nitroglycerin SL
reduces O2 demand ADRs: HA, dizziness, HypoTN. CI: closed angle glaucoma, head trauma, tamponade |
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Norvasc
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Amlodipine
DHP-CCB Limit doses in hepatic impairment Monitor: HR, BP, edema |
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NuvaRing
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Etonogestrel / Ethinyl estradiol vaginal device
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Bio-statin
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Nystatin
Ergosterol binding in fungus (Candida spp.) Oral cap/tab/powder/suspension Oral candidiasis-swish, retain in mouth for as long as possible and swallow Poorly absorbed - GI tract fungal infxns GI side effects |
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Omnicef
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Cefdinir
3rd generation cephalosporin renally adjust, hemodialyzable U/LRTIs, UTIs, N. gonorrhoeae |
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Oxycontin
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Oxycodone (C-II)
Opioid analgesic sedation, constipation, resp depressn (CYP3A4), Renal & Hepatic adjustmnt BBW: not for PRN or post-op use; clearly written dose & concentration, abuse. Preg Cat B |
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Patanol / Patanase
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Olopatadine (ophthalmic/nasal)
2nd Gen H1 antihistamine (piperidine) allergies ADR: cold syndrome |
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Paxil (CR)
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Paroxetine
SSRI antidepressant (PTSD) Most anticholinergic SSRI D/C = taper somnolence, insomnia, HA, dizzy |
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Percocet
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Oxycodone/Acetaminophen (C-II)
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Phenergan
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Promethazine
1st gen H1 antihistamine (phenothiazine derivative) adjunct to post-op analgesia & anesthesia, antiemetic, BBW: injection can cause tissue injury (gangrene); CI in children < 2 = respiratory fatality |
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Phenobarbitol
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Phenobarbitol
barbiturate anticonvulsant CI: hepatic impairment, dyspnea/obstruction, porphyria, sedative hypnotic addiction. Renal adjustmnt Therapeutic range: 20 - 40 mcg/ml |
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PhosLo
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Calcium Acetate
Ca base Phosphate binder ADRs: hypercalcemia, diarrhea Does NOT promote Al absorption |
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Plan B / Plan B One Step
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Levonorgestrel behind counter for >=17 year old
Progestin emergency contraceptive Carbamazepine may decrease effectiveness |
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Plavix
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Clopidogrel
Thienopyridine Antiplatelet (blocks ADP receptors) caution in hepatic impairment BWW: CYP2C19 genetic variation reduces activation to active drug |
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Potassium Chloride
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Potassium Chloride
CI in GI tract delay or blockage Normal serum K+ = 3.5 - 5.2 mEq/L ADRs: hyperkalemia, rash, GI effects |
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Pradaxa
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Dabigatran
Anticoagulant (Thrombin inhibitor) Renally adjust (CrCl <15 not recommended) Must be dispensed in stock bottle ADRs: Dyspepsia, bleeding Monitor: aPTT, ECT, TT, Renal fxn, CBC w/ diff. Use: stroke/embolism prevention in A-Fib |
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Prednisone
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Prednisone
Corticosteroid (4x > HC) Pro-drug = activated via liver CI: immunization w/ immunosuppresive doses |
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Prempro
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Conjugated estrogens / medroxyprogesterone
Tx of menopausal symptoms BBW: breast cancer, dementia, DO NOT use for heart Dx prevention, shortest duration possible |
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Prograf
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Tacrolimus
Calcineurin inhibitor immunosuppressant Organ rejection prevention BBW: infxn & malignancy risk, admin under super of experienced MD ADRs: HTN, HA, insomnia, pain, DM, diarrhea |
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Proscar / Propecia
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Finasteride
5-alpha-reductase inhibitor (inhibits conversion to more potent 5aDHT) Proscar - Tx symptomatic BPH (w/ doxazosin) 5mg QD Propecia - Tx of hair loss (men only 18 - 41) 1mg QD ADRs: impotence (#1) Women should not handle nor come in contact with semen of men on finasteride |
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Proventil / ProAir / Ventolin
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Albuterol (pwdr for inhalation)
Beta2 agonist bronchodilator monitor PFTs (FEV1), BP, HR, CNS stimulation, K+, serum CHO |
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Provigil
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Modafinil (C-IV)
psychostimulant used in Narcolepsy, shift work sleep DO, sleep apnea. ADRs: HA (#1), Nausea (#2). For ADHD get baseline ECG |
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Prozac
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Fluoxetine
SSRI (long acting = no taper in D/C) Hepatic adjustment Most are energized vs. sedation |
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Pulmicort / Rhinocort / Entocort / Uceris
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Budesonide
corticosteroid Pulmicort/Flexhaler for asthma 360mg BID oral inh Rhinocort nasal spray for rhinitis Entocort PO cap used in Crohn's Uceris tablet ER ADRs: HA (#1), Nausea (#2). |
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Pyridium
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Phenazopyridine
urinary analgesic Avoid in CrCl < 50 ADRs: HA, dizziness, stomach cramp SE: discolored urine (stains fabrics) interferes w/ urinalysis |
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Reclast / Zometa
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Zoledronic Acid
Bisphosphonate derivative Osteoporosis, Paget's, Hypercalcemia of malignancy, bone metastases. CrCl <30 not recommended bone pain, arthralgia & many other SE |
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Reglan
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Metoclopramide
GI Pro-kinetic, Antiemetic (blocks D & 5HT in CTZ, increases ACh sensitivity in GI). BBW: Tardive Dyskinesia Renally adjust |
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Remeron
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Mirtazapine
Depression Alpha-2, 5HT2/3, H1 Antagonist (moderate peripheral alpha-1 & muscarinic antagonism) BBW: suicidal thinking ADRs: somnolence (#1) Monitor: agranulocytosis, neutropenia (WBC) SE: wt gain, H1 anti < 15mg < NE |
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Renagel / Renvela
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Sevelamer (HCl / CO3)
Phosphate binder (non-Ca based) Drug Ineractions: FQs, Levothyroxine CI: hypophosphatemia, bowel obstruction 0% absorbed Monitor: pH / HCO3 |
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Requip
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Ropinirole
Dopamine Agonist (Anti-Parkinson's & Restless Leg Syndrome RLS) ADRs: Nausea (IR), somnolence, dizziness, IMPULSE CONTROL DO |
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Risperdal
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Risperidone (ODT, Depot CONSTA)
Atypical antipsychotic, anti-manic (5HT & D Antagonism) - benzisoxazole BBW: death risk in elderly dementia Pt must show tolerability w/ PO b4 CONSTA |
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Rocephin
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Ceftriaxone
3rd gen cephalosporin Strep pneumo (mainstay for CAP) NO PSEUDOMONAS 2 g Q12 = CNS infxn NO RENAL ADJUSTMENT |
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Seroquel
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Quetiapine
Atypical antipsychotic (D, 5HT, H1, Alpha receptor antagonism- M1 via metabolite) ADRs: increased HR, Ortho HypoTN. BBW: suicidal thinking |
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Sinemet
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Carbidopa / Levodopa
Carbidopa = carboxylase inhibitor does NOT cross BBB Levodopa = crosses BBB converted to dopamine via carboxylases - inhibits levodopa metabolism in periphery. |
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Singulair
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Montelukast
Leukotriene receptor antagonist ADRs: HA (#1) CYP3A4/2C9 |
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Spiriva
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Tiotropium
Anticholinergic bronchodilator ADRs: URTIs, Xerostomia |
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Strattera
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Atomoxetine
Selective NE reuptake inhibitor Only non-stimulant approved for ADHD Caution in HTN, tachycardia, CVD BBW: increased risk of suicidal thinking in peds |
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Synthroid / Levoxyl
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Levothyroxine
Synthetic T4 Unlabeled: mgmt of hemo unstable organ donors Take on empty stomach 1 hr before bkfst (chelation rxns) BBW: ineffective & toxic when used for wt loss |
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Tamiflu
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Olseltamivir
Neuraminidase inhibitor vs. Influenza A & B (prevents budding of new virus from host cells) ADEs: N/V/D (vomiting #1) Monitor: unusual behavior, dementia/delerium Avoid 2 days before & 2 wks after influenza vaccine (live/attenuated), & w/ Probenecid |
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Teflaro
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Ceftaroline
5th gen cephalosporin MRSA, synergy vs E faecalis w/ AMG Renally adjust |
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Tegretol
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Carbamazepine
Misc Anticonvulsant Autoinduction metabolism Therapeutic range: 4 - 12 mcg/ml BBW: neutropenia --> aplastic anemia |
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Tekturna
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Aliskiren
Direct Renin inhibitor anti-HTNsive BBW: injury & death to developing fetus (Risk C in 1st trimester, D after) Monitor: BP, K+, BUN, SCr |
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Tessalon
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Benzonatate
Non-narcotic Antitussive Symptomatic relief of Non-productive cough. No significant drug interactions May cause chill sensation |
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Topamax
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Topiramate
Misc Anticonvulsant Dose dependent serum BiCarb decrease (Monitor serum bicarb) Renally adjust |
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Toprol (XL) / Lopressor
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Metoprolol
Selective Beta-1 Blocker (Cardioselective) Shown to reduce morbidity/mortality in LVSD BBW: avoid abrupt D/C- Taper Pt Ed: take HR daily prior to PO admin |
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Toradol / Acular
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Ketorolac (NSAID)
Renal adjust (CI is advanced renal imp) 12 BBWs: Max dose 40mg, adjust 65+ & < 50kg, CI in children, Max duration 5 days, CI for intrathecal, CI pregnancy/breastfeeding/delivery, CI w/ ASA/NSAIDs, CI b4 any surgery & following CABG, CI in advanced renal impairment. |
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TriCor
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Fenofibrate
Fibric acid derivative (increases fxn of lipoprotein lipase) - 1st line for high TG CI: severe renal or hepatic dx ADRs: LFT elevation (#1) (D/C >3x ULN) |
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Tussionex
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Hydrocodone & Chlorpheniramine (C-III)
Opioid analgesic / 1st gen H1 antihistamine (Cough & cold/allergy upper resp symptoms). Interactions: SSRI (Paroxetine) = loss of analgesia |
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Tygacil
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Tigecycline
Glycylcycline antibiotic (30S binding) MRSA (NO Pseudomonas) Poor [blood], high [tissue] FDA cautions against use in Pneumonia and invasive infxns. |
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Tylenol w/ Codeine (Tylenol 3)
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Acetaminophen w/ Codeine (C-III)
APAP: prostaglandin synthesis inhibition in CNS. Codeine: Opioid analgesic/antitussive Caution in 2D6 hypermetabolizers (codeine) --> respiratory depression |
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Ultracet
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Tramadol & Acetaminophen
Tramadol: mu opioid agonist & weak NE & 5HT reuptake inhibition. Indication: SHORT term mgmt of acute pain (</= 5 days). Renally adjuts (CrCl < 30), NOT recommended in hepatic impairment |
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Valium
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Diazepam
BZD (Mgmt of Anxiety, EtOH withdrawal, muscle relaxant, anti-convulsant, sedation/amnesia) Decrease dose 50% in HEPATIC impairment. CI: NA Glaucoma, Pregnancy, Apnea, Peds < 6 mo. Must taper following long term use |
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Vancocin
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Vancomycin
Glycopeptide ABX DOC: MRSA/MRSE (C. diff (PO)). AUC/MIC - therapeutic target 15 - 20 mg/L. Redman syndrome, renal fxn |
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Veetids
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Penicillin VK (PO)
Strep pneumo (strep throat), Treponema pallidum (Syphilis). ADRs: rash, seizures (renally adjust = avoids seizures), allery |
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Viagra / Revatio
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Sildenafil (PDE-5 inhibitor)
ED (Viagra), Pulmonary arterial HTN (Revatio)... via NO mediated vasodilation. ADRs: HA, dyspepsia Interactions (X): Nitrates, Boceprevir, Telaprevir. |
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Vibramycin / Vibra-Tabs
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Doxycycline
Tetracycline ABX - CA-MRSA (boils), Atypicals. Low dose = acne OUTDATED TETRACYCLINES = Fanconi's Syndrome CI: 2nd & 3rd trimesters, children < 8. ADRs: chelation rxns, photosensitivity, reduced OC effectiveness. |
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Vicodin / Lortab / Norco / Lorcet
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Hydrocodone & APAP
Opioid/APAP combo analgesic (dose limited by APAP < 4 g/d). BBW: hepatotoxicity (APAP > 4 g/d). ADRs: sedation, constipation, abuse, resp depression (OD), liver toxicity. |
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Vimpat
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Lacosamide (C-V)
Misc Anticonvulsant (inhibits repetative neuronal firing, stabilizes hyperexcitable neuronal membranes via slow inactivation of Na channels) - Adjunct in Partial onset Obtain baseline ECG Renal & Hepatic Adjustment ADRs: Dizziness (#1) Monitor: ECG, suicidality |
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Vyvanse
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Lisdexamfetamine (C-II)
ADHD CNS stimulant (prodrug = decreased abuse risk -> requires GI enzymes for activation) BBW: Sudden death in Peds w/ structural cardiac abnorms; dependency risk. |
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Wellbutrin (SR, XL)
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Bupropion
Misc Antidepressant, smoking cessation aid (Buproban)-- NE & DA reuptake inhibitor. Renal & Hepatic Adjustment Lowers seizure threshold, Avoid in Anxiety, Activating BBW: Suicidal thoughts X2 |
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Xalatan
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Latanoprost
PGF2-analog Ophthalmic anti-Glaucoma --> increased humoral outflow. Ocular ADRs most common (blurred vision, burning/sting/itch, foreign body sensation, hyperpigmentation of iris, punctate epithelial keratopathy, conjunctival hyperemia. |
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Xanax
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Alprazolam
BZD (rapid onset, short DOA = abuse risk). Uses: Tx of Anxiety, Panic DO, AVOID in EtOH withdrawal. Interactions (X): Indanavir, Olanzapine |
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Xarelto
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Rivaroxaban
PO factor Xa inhibitor - TE prophylaxis in hip/knee surgery, & stroke/embolism prevention in Non-valvular A-Fib. Well tolerated ADRs: bleeding most common Monitor: Xa (PT), CBC w/ diff |
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Xifaxan
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Rifaximin
Rifamycin ABX (inhibits RNA synthesis via polymerase binding). Uses: Tx of traveler's diarrhea, Hepatic encephalopaty recurrence reduction; Unlabeled - C diff, HE treatment. ADRs: peripheral edema (#1) Avoid w/ BCG vaccine [TB vaccine] (X) |
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Xopenex
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Levalbuterol
L enantiomer of racemic albuterol (claims decreased HR side effect = NOT clinically significant). |
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Yasmin / Yaz
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Drospirenone & Ethinyl Estradial
Oral contraceptive (OC). Drospirenone (spironolactone analog) may increase K+ Estrogen even at low dose = nausea |
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Zantac
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Ranitidine
H2 blocker Renal Adjustment May take several days to get relief report CNS changes, rash |
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Zemplar
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Paricalcitol
Active Vit D2 analog ADRs: Nausea, Infxns, diarrhea. |
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Zestril / Prinivil
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Lisinopril
ACEI Renal adjustment BBW: CI in pregnancy ADRs: dizziness Monitoring: renal fxn, WBC, K+ |
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Zetia
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Ezetimibe
Inhibits absorption of sterols via NPC1L1 in small intestine (does NOT produce oily stools). Lowers LDL 18% consistently - used as add on in pts who cannot tolerate high dose statins. ADRs: Diarrhea (#1) Monitor: baseline lipids, LFTs & SXs of cholelithiasis in combo w/ fenofibrate |
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Zithromax / Zmax
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Azithromycin
Macrolide ABX ADRs: GI effects (#1) Avoid in combo w/ other QTc prolonging agents Monitor: LFTs & CBC w/ diff |
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Zocor
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Simvastatin
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor Monitor: LFTs, CPK, Lipids (baseline all). FDA = no new 80 mg dose pts Major interaction w/ Amlodipine (max simvastatin dose 20mg); Amiodarone & Verapamil (max 10mg) |
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Zofran
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Ondansetron
5HT3 antagonist antiemetic Max 8mg/d in Child-Pugh C Hep Dx ADRs: HA (#1) Dose dependent QTc (ECG effects) |
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Zoloft
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Sertraline
First line DOC SSRI BBW: suicidal thinking Consider dose adjust in hepatic Dx may exacerbate tic in Tourette's |
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Zosyn
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Piperacillin / Tazobactam
Extended spectrum PCN & PCNase inhibitor combo Pseudomonas, SPACE/SPICE, Gram - orgs. Renally Adjust, Diarrhea (#1 ADR) Monitor: renal fxn, CBC w/ diff, PT/aPTT, electrolytes, LFTs, SSXs of bleeding & anaphylaxis during 1st dose. |
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Zovirax / Valtrex
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Acyclovir / Valacyclovir
Acyclovir triphosphate compete for DNA polymerase and DNA incorporation / Valacyclovir = prodrug to acyclovir = increased absorption & F. ADRs: Malaise (#1) Monitor: Renal fxn, LFTs, CBC |
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Zyloprim
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Allopurinol
Xanthine oxidase inhibitor (decreases Uric acid production in GOUT - DOC for prevention). DO NOT initiate during acute attack Renally adjust ADRs: rash, diarrhea/nausea, LFTs increase (AlkPhos) Monitor: Renal fxn, CBC, I&Os, Uric acid levels |
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Zyprexa
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Olanzapine
Atypical antipsychotic (5HT2 & D2 blocker): Relprevv (IM) / Zydis (ODT) BBW: death risk in elderly w/ dementia; coma & delirium assoc w/ relprevv. ADRs: Somnolence, Prolactin increase, Wt gain |
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Zyrtec / Xyzal
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Cetirizine / Levocetirizine
2nd gen H1 Antihistamine (piperazine) MOST sedating of 2nd generation (HA & Somnolence #1 ADRs) |
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Zyvox
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Linezolid
Oxazolidinone ABX, inhibits RNA dependent protein synthesis (weak MAO-I B inhibitor). Primarily used vs. MRSA or VRE Monitor: thrombocytopenia & leucopenia; 5HT syndrome, Peripheral Neuropathy (>2 wks.. reduced Vit B6?). ADRs: HA & Diarrhea (#1 ADRs) Monitor: wkly CBC, visual fxn (3 mo duration) |
