Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
100 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Lovenox
|
Enoxaparin
Factor Xa inhibitor Adjust interval (once daily) in CrCl < 30 Hepatic metabolism |
|
|
Lunesta
|
eszopiclone (C-IV)
Non-BZD hypnotic unpleasant taste CYP3A4, LFTs |
|
|
Lyrica
|
Pregabalin (C-V)
Misc anticonvulsant/analgesic Sedation Renal adjustment |
|
|
Macrodantin/Macrobid
|
Nitrofurantoin
UTI Antiseptic Contraindicated in CrCl < 60 Report pulmonary effects up to 6 mo Discolored urine |
|
|
Maxipime
|
Cefepime
4th generation cephalosporin Pseudomonas, SPACE/SPICE Strep pneumo Febrile neutropenia, |
|
|
Medrol
|
Methylprednisolone
corticosteroid |
|
|
Merrem
|
Meropenem
Carbapenem antibiotic Renally adjust (seizures) Pseudomonas, SPACE/SPICE, Steno maltophilia, Burkholderia |
|
|
Methadose
|
Methadone (C-II)
Opioid analgesic Renally adjust, avoid in severe liver DX once daily for addiction Tx via recovery program only. BBW: QTc/Torsades; Resp depres |
|
|
Methotrexate
|
Methotrexate (MTX)
S phase, Folate Antimetabolite 16 BBWs Rheumatoid arthritis (DMARD), cancer |
|
|
Miralax
|
Polyethylene Glycol 3350, NF
Osmotic laxative |
|
|
Mirapex
|
Pramipexole
Dopamine agonist (Antiparkinson's) Postural HypoTN (most common), EPS, dyskinesia, hallucinations |
|
|
MS Contin
|
Morphine SO4 CR (C-II)
Opioid analgesic Renally adjust 6 BBWs - |
|
|
Namenda
|
Memantine
NMDA receptor agonist Dementia (Alzheimer's labelled/vascular unlabelled) |
|
|
Nasonex / Neulasta / Asmanex
|
Mometasone
Corticosteroid HA, Cough, nose bleed |
|
|
Neoral / Sandimmune / Gengraf / Restasis
|
Cyclosporine
Calcineurine inhibitor immune suppres Transplant rejection, psoriasis, RA BBW - experienced physician reqd, risk of infxn/malignancy, HTN, |
|
|
Neupogen / Neulasta
|
Filgrastim (daily) / Pegfilgrastim (Q 2 wks)
Granulocyte-CSF Bone pain, pulmonary toxicity w/ bleomycin, Splenic rupture. Use: neutropenia, BMT, Stem cell mobilization, Anemia of myelodysplastic syndrome |
|
|
Neurontin
|
Gabapentin
GABA analog / anticonvulsant Renally adjust Monitor WBC Dizziness/somnolence |
|
|
Nexium / Prilosec
|
Esomeprazole / Omeprazole
PPIs (Benzimidazole substituted) CYP2C19 > 3A4 Max 20mg in severe liver impairment |
|
|
NicoDerm / Nicorette
|
Nicotine (Patch/Gum)
Smoking cessation Unlabelled - ulcerative colitis (patch), adjunct to Haloperidol for Tourette's ADRs: mouth/throat irritation > cough (inhaler); HA |
|
|
Niferex
|
Polysaccharide-Iron Complex
Iron deficiency anemia BBW: OD = fatal poisoning in children < 6 y.o. Can stain teeth (straw), separate from meals (best absorption), GI |
|
|
Nitrostat
|
Nitroglycerin
reduces O2 demand ADRs: HA, dizziness, HypoTN. CI: closed angle glaucoma, head trauma, tamponade |
|
|
Norvasc
|
Amlodipine
DHP-CCB Limit doses in hepatic impairment Monitor: HR, BP, edema |
|
|
NuvaRing
|
Etonogestrel / Ethinyl estradiol vaginal device
|
|
|
Nystatin
|
Nystatin
Ergosterol binding in fungus (Candida spp.) Poorly absorbed - GI tract fungal infxns GI side effects |
|
|
Omnicef
|
Cefdinir
3rd generation cephalosporin renally adjust, hemodialyzable U/LRTIs, UTIs, N. gonorrhoeae |
|
|
Oxycontin
|
Oxycodone (C-II)
Opioid analgesic sedation, constipation, resp depressn (CYP3A4), Renal & Hepatic adjustmnt BBW: not for PRN or post-op use; clearly written dose & concentration, abuse. Preg Cat B |
|
|
Patanol / Patanase
|
Olopatadine (ophthalmic/nasal)
2nd Gen H1 antihistamine (piperidine) allergies ADR: cold syndrome |
|
|
Paxil (CR)
|
Paroxetine
SSRI antidepressant (PTSD) Most anticholinergic SSRI D/C = taper somnolence, insomnia, HA, dizzy |
|
|
Percocet
|
Oxycodone/Acetaminophen (C-II)
|
|
|
Phenergan
|
Promethazine
1st gen H1 antihistamine (phenothiazine derivative) adjunct to post-op analgesia & anesthesia, antiemetic, BBW: injection can cause tissue injury (gangrene); CI in children < 2 = respiratory fatality |
|
|
Phenobarbitol
|
Phenobarbitol
barbiturate anticonvulsant CI: hepatic impairment, dyspnea/obstruction, porphyria, sedative hypnotic addiction. Renal adjustmnt Therapeutic range: 20 - 40 mcg/ml |
|
|
PhosLo
|
Calcium Acetate
Ca base Phosphate binder ADRs: hypercalcemia, diarrhea Does NOT promote Al absorption |
|
|
Plan B / Plan B One Step
|
Levonorgestrel
Progestin emergency contraceptive Carbamazepine may decrease effectiveness |
|
|
Plavix
|
Clopidogrel
Thienopyridine Antiplatelet (blocks ADP receptors) caution in hepatic impairment BWW: CYP2C19 genetic variation reduces activation to active drug |
|
|
Potassium Chloride
|
Potassium Chloride
CI in GI tract delay or blockage Normal serum K+ = 3.5 - 5.2 mEq/L ADRs: hyperkalemia, rash, GI effects |
|
|
Pradaxa
|
Dabigatran
Anticoagulant (Thrombin inhibitor) Renally adjust (CrCl <15 not recommended) Must be dispensed in stock bottle ADRs: Dyspepsia, bleeding Monitor: aPTT, ECT, TT, Renal fxn, CBC w/ diff. Use: stroke/embolism prevention in A-Fib |
|
|
Prednisone
|
Prednisone
Corticosteroid (4x > HC) Pro-drug = activated via liver CI: immunization w/ immunosuppresive doses |
|
|
Prempro
|
Conjugated estrogens / medroxyprogesterone
Tx of menopausal symptoms BBW: breast cancer, dementia, DO NOT use for heart Dx prevention, shortest duration possible |
|
|
Prograf
|
Tacrolimus
Calcineurin inhibitor immunosuppressant Organ rejection prevention BBW: infxn & malignancy risk, admin under super of experienced MD ADRs: HTN, HA, insomnia, pain, DM, diarrhea |
|
|
Proscar / Propecia
|
Finasteride
5-alpha-reductase inhibitor (inhibits conversion to more potent 5aDHT) Proscar - Tx symptomatic BPH (w/ doxazosin) Propecia - Tx of hair loss (men only 18 - 41) ADRs: impotence (#1) |
|
|
Proventil / ProAir / Ventolin
|
Albuterol (pwdr for inhalation)
Beta2 agonist bronchodilator monitor PFTs (FEV1), BP, HR, CNS stimulation, K+, serum CHO |
|
|
Provigil
|
Modafinil (C-IV)
psychostimulant used in Narcolepsy, shift work sleep DO, sleep apnea. ADRs: HA (#1), Nausea (#2). For ADHD get baseline ECG |
|
|
Prozac
|
Fluoxetine
SSRI (long acting = no taper in D/C) Hepatic adjustment Most are energized vs. sedation |
|
|
Pulmicort / Rhinocort / Entocort
|
Budesonide
Topical corticosteroid PO cap used in Crohn's ADRs: HA (#1), Nausea (#2). |
|
|
Pyridium
|
Phenazopyridine
urinary analgesic Avoid in CrCl < 50 ADRs: HA, dizziness, stomach cramp SE: discolored urine (stains fabrics) interferes w/ urinalysis |
|
|
Reclast / Zometa
|
Zoledronic Acid
Bisphosphonate derivative Osteoporosis, Paget's, Hypercalcemia of malignancy, bone metastases. CrCl <30 not recommended bone pain, arthralgia & many other SE |
|
|
Reglan
|
Metoclopramide
GI Pro-kinetic, Antiemetic (blocks D & 5HT in CTZ, increases ACh sensitivity in GI). BBW: Tardive Dyskinesia Renally adjust |
|
|
Remeron
|
Mirtazapine
Alpha-2, 5HT2/3, H1 Antagonist (moderate peripheral alpha-1 & muscarinic antagonism) BBW: suicidal thinking ADRs: somnolence (#1) Monitor: agranulocytosis, neutropenia (WBC) SE: wt gain, H1 anti < 15mg < NE |
|
|
Renagel / Renvela
|
Sevelamer (HCl / CO3)
Phosphate binder (non-Ca based) Drug Ineractions: FQs, Levothyroxine CI: hypophosphatemia, bowel obstruction 0% absorbed Monitor: pH / HCO3 |
|
|
Requip
|
Ropinirole
Dopamine Agonist (Anti-Parkinson's & Restless Leg Syndrome RLS) ADRs: Nausea (IR), somnolence, dizziness, IMPULSE CONTROL DO |
|
|
Risperdal
|
Risperidone (ODT, Depot CONSTA)
Atypical antipsychotic, anti-manic (5HT & D Antagonism) - benzisoxazole BBW: death risk in elderly dementia Pt must show tolerability w/ PO b4 CONSTA |
|
|
Rocephen
|
Ceftriaxone
3rd gen cephalosporin Strep pneumo (mainstay for CAP) NO PSEUDOMONAS 2 g Q12 = CNS infxn NO RENAL ADJUSTMENT |
|
|
Seroquel
|
Quetiapine
Atypical antipsychotic (D, 5HT, H1, Alpha receptor antagonism- M1 via metabolite) ADRs: increased HR, Ortho HypoTN. BBW: suicidal thinking |
|
|
Sinemet
|
Carbidopa / Levodopa
Carbidopa = carboxylase inhibitor does NOT cross BBB Levodopa = crosses BBB converted to dopamine via carboxylases - inhibits levodopa metabolism in periphery. |
|
|
Singulair
|
Montelukast
Leukotriene receptor antagonist ADRs: HA (#1) CYP3A4/2C9 |
|
|
Spiriva
|
Tiotropium
Anticholinergic bronchodilator ADRs: URTIs, Xerostomia |
|
|
Strattera
|
Atomoxetine
Selective NE reuptake inhibitor Only non-stimulant approved for ADHD Caution in HTN, tachycardia, CVD BBW: increased risk of suicidal thinking in peds |
|
|
Synthroid / Levoxyl
|
Levothyroxine
Synthetic T4 Unlabeled: mgmt of hemo unstable organ donors Take on empty stomach 1 hr before bkfst (chelation rxns) BBW: ineffective & toxic when used for wt loss |
|
|
Tamiflu
|
Olseltamivir
Neuraminidase inhibitor vs. Influenza A & B (prevents budding of new virus from host cells) ADEs: N/V/D (vomiting #1) Monitor: unusual behavior, dementia/delerium Avoid 2 days before & 2 wks after influenza vaccine (live/attenuated), & w/ Probenecid |
|
|
Teflaro
|
Ceftaroline
5th gen cephalosporin MRSA, synergy vs E faecalis w/ AMG Renally adjust |
|
|
Tegretol
|
Carbamazepine
Misc Anticonvulsant Autoinduction metabolism Therapeutic range: 4 - 12 mcg/ml BBW: neutropenia --> aplastic anemia |
|
|
Tekturna
|
Aliskiren
Direct Renin inhibitor anti-HTNsive BBW: injury & death to developing fetus (Risk C in 1st trimester, D after) Monitor: BP, K+, BUN, SCr |
|
|
Tessalon
|
Benzonatate
Non-narcotic Antitussive Symptomatic relief of Non-productive cough. No significant drug interactions May cause chill sensation |
|
|
Topamax
|
Topiramate
Misc Anticonvulsant Dose dependent serum BiCarb decrease (Monitor serum bicarb) Renally adjust |
|
|
Toprol (XL) / Lopressor
|
Metoprolol
Selective Beta-1 Blocker (Cardioselective) Shown to reduce morbidity/mortality in LVSD BBW: avoid abrupt D/C- Taper Pt Ed: take HR daily prior to PO admin |
|
|
Toradol / Acular
|
Ketorolac (NSAID)
Renal adjust (CI is advanced renal imp) 12 BBWs: Max dose 40mg, adjust 65+ & < 50kg, CI in children, Max duration 5 days, CI for intrathecal, CI pregnancy/breastfeeding/delivery, CI w/ ASA/NSAIDs, CI b4 any surgery & following CABG, CI in advanced renal impairment. |
|
|
TriCor
|
Fenofibrate
Fibric acid derivative (increases fxn of lipoprotein lipase) - 1st line for high TG CI: severe renal or hepatic dx ADRs: LFT elevation (#1) (D/C >3x ULN) |
|
|
Tussionex
|
Hydrocodone & Chlorpheniramine (C-III)
Opioid analgesic / 1st gen H1 antihistamine (Cough & cold/allergy upper resp symptoms). Interactions: SSRI (Paroxetine) = loss of analgesia |
|
|
Tygacil
|
Tigecycline
Glycylcycline antibiotic (30S binding) MRSA (NO Pseudomonas) Poor [blood], high [tissue] FDA cautions against use in Pneumonia and invasive infxns. |
|
|
Tylenol w/ Codeine (Tylenol 3)
|
Acetaminophen w/ Codeine (C-III)
APAP: prostaglandin synthesis inhibition in CNS. Codeine: Opioid analgesic/antitussive Caution in 2D6 hypermetabolizers (codeine) --> respiratory depression |
|
|
Ultracet
|
Tramadol & Acetaminophen
Tramadol: mu opioid agonist & week NE & 5HT reuptake inhibition. Indication: SHORT term mgmt of acute pain (</= 5 days). Renally adjuts (CrCl < 30), NOT recommended in hepatic impairment |
|
|
Valium
|
Diazepam
BZD (Mgmt of Anxiety, EtOH withdrawal, muscle relaxant, anti-convulsant, sedation/amnesia) Decrease dose 50% in HEPATIC impairment. CI: NA Glaucoma, Pregnancy, Apnea, Peds < 6 mo. Must taper following long term use |
|
|
Vancocin
|
Vancomycin
Glycopeptide ABX DOC: MRSA/MRSE (C. diff (PO)). AUC/MIC - therapeutic target 15 - 20 mg/L. Redman syndrome, renal fxn |
|
|
Veetids
|
Penicillin VK (PO)
Strep pneumo (strep throat), Treponema pallidum (Syphilis). ADRs: rash, seizures (renally adjust = avoids seizures), allery |
|
|
Viagra / Revatio
|
Sildenafil (PDE-5 inhibitor)
ED (Viagra), Pulmonary arterial HTN (Revatio)... via NO mediated vasodilation. ADRs: HA, dyspepsia Interactions (X): Nitrates, Boceprevir, Telaprevir. |
|
|
Vibramycin / Vibra-Tabs
|
Doxycycline
Tetracycline ABX - CA-MRSA (boils), Atypicals. Low dose = acne OUTDATED TETRACYCLINES = Fanconi's Syndrome CI: 2nd & 3rd trimesters, children < 8. ADRs: chelation rxns, photosensitivity, reduced OC effectiveness. |
|
|
Vicodin / Lortab / Norco / Lorcet
|
Hydrocodone & APAP
Opioid/APAP combo analgesic (dose limited by APAP < 4 g/d). BBW: hepatotoxicity (APAP > 4 g/d). ADRs: sedation, constipation, abuse, resp depression (OD), liver toxicity. |
|
|
Vimpat
|
Lacosamide (C-V)
Misc Anticonvulsant (inhibits repetative neuronal firing, stabilizes hyperexcitable neuronal membranes via slow inactivation of Na channels) - Adjunct in Partial onset Obtain baseline ECG Renal & Hepatic Adjustment ADRs: Dizziness (#1) Monitor: ECG, suicidality |
|
|
Vyvanse
|
Lisdexamfetamine (C-II)
CNS stimulant (prodrug = decreased abuse risk -> requires GI enzymes for activation) BBW: Sudden death in Peds w/ structural cardiac abnorms; dependency risk. |
|
|
Wellbutrin (SR, XL)
|
Bupropion
Misc Antidepressant, smoking cessation aid (Buproban)-- NE & DA reuptake inhibitor. Renal & Hepatic Adjustment Lowers seizure threshold, Avoid in Anxiety, Activating BBW: Suicidal thoughts X2 |
|
|
Xalatan
|
Latanoprost
PGF2-analog Ophthalmic anti-Glaucoma --> increased humoral outflow. Ocular ADRs most common (blurred vision, burning/sting/itch, foreign body sensation, hyperpigmentation of iris, punctate epithelial keratopathy, conjunctival hyperemia. |
|
|
Xanax
|
Alprazolam
BZD (rapid onset, short DOA = abuse risk). Uses: Tx of Anxiety, Panic DO, AVOID in EtOH withdrawal. Interactions (X): Indanavir, Olanzapine |
|
|
Xarelto
|
Rivaroxaban
PO factor Xa inhibitor - TE prophylaxis in hip/knee surgery, & stroke/embolism prevention in Non-valvular A-Fib. Well tolerated ADRs: bleeding most common Monitor: Xa (PT), CBC w/ diff |
|
|
Xifaxan
|
Rifaximin
Rifamycin ABX (inhibits RNA synthesis via polymerase binding). Uses: Tx of traveler's diarrhea, Hepatic encephalopaty recurrence reduction; Unlabeled - C diff, HE treatment. ADRs: peripheral edema (#1) Avoid w/ BCG vaccine [TB vaccine] (X) |
|
|
Xopenex
|
Levalbuterol
L enantiomer of racemic albuterol (claims decreased HR side effect = NOT clinically significant). |
|
|
Yasmin / Yaz
|
Drospirenone & Ethinyl Estradial
Oral contraceptive (OC). Drospirenone (spironolactone analog) may increase K+ Estrogen even at low dose = nausea |
|
|
Zantac
|
Ranitidine
H2 blocker Renal Adjustment May take several days to get relief report CNS changes, rash |
|
|
Zemplar
|
Paricalcitol
Active Vit D2 analog ADRs: Nausea, Infxns, diarrhea. |
|
|
Zestril / Prinivil
|
Lisinopril
ACEI Renal adjustment BBW: CI in pregnancy ADRs: dizziness Monitoring: renal fxn, WBC, K+ |
|
|
Zetia
|
Ezetimibe
Inhibits absorption of sterols via NPC1L1 in small intestine (does NOT produce oily stools). Lowers LDL 18% consistently - used as add on in pts who cannot tolerate high dose statins. ADRs: Diarrhea (#1) Monitor: baseline lipids, LFTs & SXs of cholelithiasis in combo w/ fenofibrate |
|
|
Zithromax / Zmax
|
Azithromycin
Macrolide ABX ADRs: GI effects (#1) Avoid in combo w/ other QTc prolonging agents Monitor: LFTs & CBC w/ diff |
|
|
Zocor
|
Simvastatin
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor Monitor: LFTs, CPK, Lipids (baseline all). FDA = no new 80 mg dose pts Major interaction w/ Amlodipine (max simvastatin dose 20mg); Amiodarone & Verapamil (max 10mg) |
|
|
Zofran
|
Ondansetron
5HT3 antagonist antiemetic Max 8mg/d in Child-Pugh C Hep Dx ADRs: HA (#1) Dose dependent QTc (ECG effects) |
|
|
Zoloft
|
Sertraline
First line DOC SSRI BBW: suicidal thinking Consider dose adjust in hepatic Dx may exacerbate tic in Tourette's |
|
|
Zosyn
|
Piperacillin / Tazobactam
Extended spectrum PCN & PCNase inhibitor combo Pseudomonas, SPACE/SPICE, Gram - orgs. Renally Adjust, Diarrhea (#1 ADR) Monitor: renal fxn, CBC w/ diff, PT/aPTT, electrolytes, LFTs, SSXs of bleeding & anaphylaxis during 1st dose. |
|
|
Zovirax / Valtrex
|
Acyclovir / Valacyclovir
Acyclovir triphosphate compete for DNA polymerase and DNA incorporation / Valacyclovir = prodrug to acyclovir = increased absorption & F. ADRs: Malaise (#1) Monitor: Renal fxn, LFTs, CBC |
|
|
Zyloprim
|
Allopurinol
Xanthine oxidase inhibitor (decreases Uric acid production in GOUT - DOC for prevention). DO NOT initiate during acute attack Renally adjust ADRs: rash, diarrhea/nausea, LFTs increase (AlkPhos) Monitor: Renal fxn, CBC, I&Os, Uric acid levels |
|
|
Zyprexa
|
Olanzapine
Atypical antipsychotic (5HT2 & D2 blocker): Relprevv (IM) / Zydis (ODT) BBW: death risk in elderly w/ dementia; coma & delirium assoc w/ relprevv. ADRs: Somnolence, Prolactin increase, Wt gain |
|
|
Zyrtec / Xyzal
|
Cetirizine / Levocetirizine
2nd gen H1 Antihistamine (piperazine) MOST sedating of 2nd generation (HA & Somnolence #1 ADRs) |
|
|
Zyvox
|
Linezolid
Oxazolidinone ABX, inhibits RNA dependent protein synthesis (weak MAO-I B inhibitor). Primarily used vs. MRSA or VRE Monitor: thrombocytopenia & leucopenia; 5HT syndrome, Peripheral Neuropathy (>2 wks.. reduced Vit B6?). ADRs: HA & Diarrhea (#1 ADRs) Monitor: wkly CBC, visual fxn (3 mo duration) |
