Tooth Histology: Dr.b Fall 06

Front 1

Golgi Complex

Back 1

Package protein for secretion

Front 2

How does protein get out of the cell?

Back 2

golgi complex package fuses with cell wall and protein is released.(exocytosis) Package becomes part of the cell wall.

Front 3

Mitochondria

Back 3

Organelles responsible for energy production: ATP

Cell powerhouse

Front 4

What is the purpose of the folds located in the mitochondria?

Back 4

Increased surface area

Front 5

Rough ER/Smooth ER

Back 5

Primarily functions to modify, store, segregate and transport proteins made by ribosomes to other parts of the cell or outside the cell.

Front 6

Why is the Rough ER rough?

Back 6

Ribosomes are attatched (studded)

Front 7

Smooth ER

Back 7

-attatched to Rough ER
-purpose to twist and turn so that reactive sites are exposed
-changes the config. of protein from Rough ER

Front 8

Ribosomes

Back 8

-protien factories
-made in the nucleus
-can be free in the cytoplasm or bound to membranes

Front 9

Phagocytosis

Back 9

cell ingesting material to eat

implies destruction

Front 10

Endocytosis

Back 10

cell takes in materials that it needs

Front 11

What are the inner fols on the mitochondrial called?

Back 11

crystae

Front 12

Lysosomes

Back 12

-bags of very very powerful enzymes produced in the cell used to injest waste and foreign material.
(phagocytosis)
-made in the Golgi complex

Front 13

Cytoskeleton that maintains the 3D shape of the cell

Back 13

Microtubles and Microfilaments

Front 14

Rigid, hollow tubes that allow amino aids to travel thru to diff. parts of the cell

Back 14

Microtubles

Front 15

No tube, rigid rods to keep cells shape.

Back 15

Microfilaments

Front 16

Used to injest/encase=inest

Back 16

Vacuole

Front 17

Have their own DNA passed down from your maternal side

Back 17

Mitochondria

Front 18

The sperm and egg are known as_? with how many chromosomes each?

Back 18

gametes

23 chromosomes a piece

Front 19

The 2 gametes form to make a single cell called a _? with how many chromosomes?

Back 19

zygote

46 chromosomes

Front 20

A hollow ball of cells known as a _ is formed _ hours after fertilization?

Back 20

Blastocyst

60 hours

Front 21

The Blastoyst travels down what tube?

Back 21

Fallopian

Front 22

What is trisomy 21?

Back 22

3 of chromosome #21 = Downs Syndrome

Front 23

Cells that have not gone thru _ are a source of stem cell research beause they haven't decided what they are going to become yet and can be steered.

Back 23

Differetiation

Front 24

The cells begin to seperate into 2 layers in the Blastoyst called:

Back 24

The epiblast and hypoblast layers

Front 25

Some cells from the _ layer begin to migrate to the center to form

Back 25

Epiblast

Mesoderm

Front 26

What are the inner fols on the mitochondrial called?

Back 26

crystae

Front 27

Ectoderm becomes

Back 27

Skin, mucosa, hair, glands

Front 28

Mesoderm becomes

Back 28

CT, blood, bone, cartilage, muscle, nerve

Front 29

Endoderm becomes

Back 29

lining tissues, (lines tubes and vessels in the body)and some nerves

Front 30

Epiblasts form _
Hypoblasts form_

Back 30

Ectoderm
Endoderm

Front 31

This tissue type covers a surface

Back 31

Epithelium

Front 32

the first word used to describe epithelium refers to its_, the second word refers to its_

Back 32

# of layers

shape

Front 33

epith. that is thin, fragile and must be in an area where it cean be protected Ex. linings, conjuctiva of the ey

Back 33

Squamous (fried eggs)

Front 34

Boxes of cells, can be simple or stratified. Ex. Lines Ducts

Back 34

Cuboidal

Front 35

Long cells with visible nucleus Ex. lines all sinuses, trachea, brochia 02 and CO2 must be able to pass thru

Back 35

Columnar

Front 36

False columnar epith. nucleus at diff. levels you cant tell where the boudaries are

Back 36

Psuedostratified
Ex.Respiratory Tract

Front 37

cell membrane projections that increase surface area. Usually found on columnar cells.

Back 37

Mirovilli
Ex. Intestines-absorb more nutrients.

Front 38

cell membrane hairlike projections common in the respiratory tract used to push materials in on direction

Back 38

Cilia

also found in the fallopian tube, pushes egg

Front 39

Unique cells found only in the bladder. multiple layers ntil stressed then only 1-2 layers thick

Back 39

Transitional Epithelium

Front 40

Epithelium cannot come in direct contact with what type of tisses below it?

Back 40

Connective tissue

Front 41

Juction that bonds the CT and Epith. together

Back 41

Basement Membrane

Front 42

Are cells present in the BM?

Back 42

No

Front 43

Deepest layer where epith. reproduce themselves. Tall cells here attatched to the basement membrane.

Back 43

Basal Layer:

Stratum Basale or Strata Germinativum

Front 44

Cuboidal shaped cells here that are btwn 3-5 layers thick

Back 44

Spinus Layer

Front 45

how many layers in SSE?

Back 45

4

Front 46

this layer is about 2 layers thick. As the cells move up and flatten the nuces dies and keratinhyaline granules beome present

Back 46

granlar layer

Front 47

protects skin from trauma

Back 47

keratin

Front 48

what is the sometimes unmentioned name of the clear layer between the granular layer and the keratin layer?

Back 48

stratum lucidum

Front 49

this top layer contains flat, dead keratinized epith.cells

Back 49

keratin layer or stratum corneum

Front 50

if the SSE is composed mainly of dead cells how does it receive O2 and nutrients?

Back 50

blood vessels just below the stratum basale diffuse

Front 51

why do the cells begin to die in SSE?

Back 51

as they move up they get further and further away from the food source

Front 52

what type of tisse is the BM made up of?

Back 52

its a coagulation of underlying tissue and the basal layer cells

Front 53

what is missing from persons with skin cancer?

Back 53

A BM

Front 54

what holds the SSE cells together?

describe how they're held

Back 54

desmosomes = cell to cell attatchment

each cell contributes half of the attatchment

Front 55

what holds the basal layer to the BM?

desribe how they're held

Back 55

hemidesosomes = cell to Bm attatchment

only cell ontribtes to attachment bc BM is not made up of cells=non living

Front 56

cells with no keratin present

Back 56

orthokeratin

Front 57

some cells with nucleus resent others with keratin

Back 57

parakeratin

Front 58

if there is parakeratin present what would you conclude?

Back 58

the layers do ot have enough time to create granuals-cells dont have time to die

Commonly found in the mouth

Front 59

increases the surface area and allows for more SSE to be attatched to the underlying CT

Back 59

Rete Pegs

Front 60

Where in the mouth would we NOT find keratinized SSE?

Back 60

in the gingival sulcus

Front 61

why is there no keratinized epithelium found in the gingival sulcus?

Back 61

bc there is no trauma to this epith. no food rubs in this area

Front 62

what is the brown pigment found in keratinized cells?

Back 62

melanin

Front 63

melanin comes from specialized cells. Can you find these cel types in the mouth?

Back 63

yes

Front 64

clusters of salivary glands

Back 64

acini

Front 65

what type of cells are salivary glands?

Back 65

modiified epith. cells

Front 66

Can epithelium b in diret contact with CT?

Back 66

no

Front 67

what would be the composition of saliva if was secreted out of the serous gland alveoli?

Back 67

watery

Front 68

what would be the composition of saliva if it was secreted out of the mucous gland alveoli?

Back 68

thick and viscous

Front 69

this specialized epith. cell has some contractile capability like muscle

Back 69

myoepithelial cells

Front 70

this epith. cells lines ducts and each acini. squeees out more saliva when necc. Ex. lemon drop-ots of saliva

Back 70

myoepithelial cells

Front 71

ducts are lined with what type of epith.

Back 71

simple cuboidal epith.