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204 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Anatomy is the study of what?
The structure of organs and Body systems
Pg 119 Paragraph 1
Human body science can be divided into what two subjects
Anatomy and Physiology
Pg 119 Paragraph 1
Physiology is the study of what?
The function of the organs and body systems
Pg 119 Paragraph 1
What are the smallest parts of elements that still retain all the original properties of the element?
Atoms
Pg 119 Paragraph 2
What combines to form molecules ?
Atoms
Pg 119 Paragraph 2
What are molecules ?
A chemical bonding of atoms that posesses its own characteristics independent of the atoms themselves
Pg 119 Paragraph 2
What is the basic unit of all life?
Cells
Pg 119 Paragraph 2
What do specific molecules combine to form?
Cells
Pg 119 Paragraph 2
Cells combine in terms of function and type to form what?
Tissue
Pg 119 Paragraph 2
At the organ level two or more types of ______ work together to perform a specific function
Tissue
Pg 119 Paragraph 2
An organ system is the result of organs working together to do what ?
Perform a task
Pg 119 Paragraph 2
How many organ systems in the human body?
Eleven
Pg 119 Paragraph 3
The highest level of organization , when all organ systems are working together, is the what?
Organism
Pg 119 Paragraph 2
Place these in order : atoms, organism, organ systems,cells,tissues,organs,molecules
Atoms , Molecules, cells,tissues,organs,organ systems,organism
Pg 119 Figure 3.1
What are the four basic tissue types in humans ?
Epithelial , Connective , Muscular , Nervous

Pg. 119 paragraph 3
What two functions does epthelial tissue serve ?
Epithelial tissue provides a covering( skin) or produces secretions ( glandular tissue)
Pg 119 Table 3.1 Epithelial Tissue:Description
Does Epiththelial tissue have its own blood supply?
No
Pg. 119 Table 3.1 Epithelial Tissue: Description
Does epithelial tissue commonly exist in sheets or in clumps?
epithelial tissue commonly exists in sheets
Pg. 119 Table 3.1 Epithilial tissue:Description
Epithelium is dependent on diffusion from nearby _______ for food and oxygen.
Epithelium is dependent on diffusion from nearby CAPILLARIES for food and oxygen.
Pg. 119 3.1 Epithelial Tissue description
True or false

Epithelial tissue can regenerate easily if well nourished
True
Pg. 119 Table 3.1 Epithilial tissue:Description
What two criteria are used to classify epithlial tissue?
Cell layers and cell shape
Pg. 119 Table 3.1 Epithilial tissue:Description
Simple epithelium contains how many layers of cells?
one
Pg. 119 Table 3.1 Epithilial tissue:Description
What are the two classifications of epithelial tissue?
simple and stratified
Pg. 119 Table 3.1 Epithilial tissue:Description
What classification of epithilial tissue is found in areas where absorption, secretion and filtration occur?
Simple Epithilial tissue
Pg. 119 Table 3.1 Epithilial tissue:Description
Stratified epithilial tissues has more than one layer of cells and serves as what ?
Protection
Pg. 119 Table 3.1 Epithilial tissue:Description
What are the three shapes of epithilial cells?
squamous , cubodial , columnar
Pg. 119 Table 3.1 Epithilial tissue:Description
True or False
Connective tissues commonly have their own blood supply
True
Pg. 119 Table 3.1 Connective tissue:Description
True or False
ligaments are a connecting tissue that does NOT have its own blood supply
True
Pg. 119 Table 3.1 Connective tissue:Description
what is "Muscle tissue" dedicated to producing
Movement
Pg. 119 Table 3.1 Muscle tissue:Description
name Four types of connective tissue ....
bone , cartlilage ,adipose (fat), and blood vessel
Pg. 119 Table 3.1 Muscle tissue:Description
Name the three types of muscle tissue
skeletal , cardiac and smooth
Pg 119 Table 3.1 Muscle tissue: Description
Skeletal muscle supports what type of movement?
voluntary
Pg 123 Table 3.5 Moving : Description
True or False
Smooth muscle cannot be consciously controled by the brain
True
Pg. 119 Table 3.1 Muscle tissue:Description
Smooth muscle is found inside what type of organ?
Name some examples
Hollow .. intestine , blood vessels, bladder, uterus
Pg. 119 Table 3.1 Muscle tissue:Description
Cardiac muscle is found only in what organ?
Heart
Pg. 119 Table 3.1 Muscle tissue:Description
What type of tissue provides the structure for the brain, spinal cord and nerves ?
Nervous tissue
Pg 119 Table 3.1 description of nervous tissue
Nerves are made of specialized cells called what?
Neurons :
Pg. 119 Table 3.1 Nervous tissue:Description
What type of cells help protect nervous tissue?
support cells such as myelin
Pg 119 Table 3.1 Nervous Tissue:Description
The circulatory system is also called the ___________ system
Cardiovascular
Pg 120 Table 3.2 Circulatory System: Description
The heart, blood vessels, and blood are part of what body system?
cardiovascular or circulatory
Pg 120 Table 3.2 Circulatory System: Description
hormones released from the ______ system influence blood preasure.
Endocrine
Pg 120 Table 3.2 Circulatory System: Relationships with other organs
The ________ system helps regulate blood volume and blood preasure by adjusting __________ volume
Urinary system , urine
Pg 120 Table 3.2 Circulatory System: Relationships with other organs
Blood preasure, heart rate and distribution of blood to various parts of the body are controlled by the _____________ system
Nervous system
Pg 120 Table 3.2 Circulatory System: Relationships with other organs
In women, the hormone ________, helps preserve vascular health.
Estrogen
Pg 120 Table 3.2 Circulatory System: Relationships with other organs
The __________ system allows heat to escape by dilating superficial blood vessels
integumentary
Pg 120 Table 3.2 Circulatory System: Relationships with other organs
Blood cells are formed in the _______ of the bones in the skeletal system
Marrow
Pg 120 Table 3.2 Circulatory System: Relationships with other organs
The digestive system consists of all the organs from the _______ to the _______ .
Mouth to the anus
Pg 120 Table 3.2 Digestive System: Description
The absorption of nutrients occurs in the ____________ .
Small intestine
Pg 120 Table 3.2 Digestive System: Description
The three things that make up the small intestine are
Duodenum, Jejunum, ileum
Pg 120 Table 3.2 Digestive System: Description
After the small intestine the ________ removes water from the waste that remains.
Colon
Pg 120 Table 3.2 Digestive System: Description
The Liver produces ________ that helps break down fat.
Bile
Pg 120 Table 3.2 Digestive System: Description
The pancreas delivers ________ to the small intestine to aid in digestion
enzymes
Pg 120 Table 3.2 Digestive System: Description
True or False
Increased skelletal muscle activity increases the motility of the gastrointestinal track
True
Pg 120 Table 3.2 Digestive System: Relationship with other organ systems
The ________ system provides a means of transportation for some hormones.
Lymphatic
Pg 120 Table 3.2 Endocrine System: Relationship with other organ systems
The ____________ system controls secretion of hormones from the pituitary gland.
Nervous
Pg 120 Table 3.2 Endocrine System:Relationship with other systems
The muscular system provides ___________ for some endocrine glands
protection
Pg 120 Table 3.2 Endocrine System: Relationship with other organ systems
The ___________ sysstem serves to control body functions
endocrine
Pg 120 Table 3.2 Endocrine System: Description
Glands in the endocrine system secrete ___________
Hormones
Pg 120 Table 3.2 Endocrine System: Description
Glands such as the Pineal, pituitary, thalmus, hypothalamus, thyroid, thymus and adrenal glands are part of what system?
endocrine
Pg 120 Table 3.2 Endocrine System: Description
True or false
The pancreas, testis and ovaries also have endocrine functions even though they are part of other body systems
True
Pg 120 Table 3.2 Endocrine System: Description
The ________ system consists of skin, mucous membranes, hair and nails
Integumentary
Pg 120 Table 3.2 Integumentary System: Description
True or false
The integumentary system helps regulate body temperature, protect internal tissue from injury and water proof the body.
True
Pg 120 Table 3.2 Endocrine System: Description
True or false
The respiratory and digestive systems provide nutrients to the skin to help it remail healthy
True
Pg 120 Table 3.2 Endocrine System: Relationships with other Organs (RWOW)
True or False
Oxygen and nutrients for the skin travel through blood vessels in the cardiovascular system
True
Pg 120 Table 3.2 Endocrine System: Relationships with other Organs (RWOO)
The _________ system picks up excess fluid from the skin to avoid swelling
Lympahtic
Pg 120 Table 3.2 Endocrine System: Relationships with other Organs (RWOO)
Hormones from the ___________ system regulate hair growth and hydration
Endocrine
Pg 120 Table 3.2 Endocrine System: Relationships with other Organs (RWOO)
True or false
The skin serves to protect internal organs, including those in the reproductive system
True
Pg 120 Table 3.2 Endocrine System: Relationships with other Organs (RWOO)
The ________ system regulates the production of sweat, interprets stimuli, adjusts the diameter of the blood vessels in the skin
Nervous
Pg 120 Table 3.2 Endocrine System: Relationships with other Organs (RWOO)
The _________ system activates vitamin D
Urinary
Pg 121 Table 3.2 Integumentary System: relationships with other organs (RWOO)
The _________ system generates heat that is expelled through the skin as sweat
Muscular
Pg 121 Table 3.2 Integumentary System: relationships with other organs (RWOO)
The _______system consists of lympth nodes, lympth vessels, the spleen, the thymus and the tonslls
Lymphatic
Pg 121 Table 3.2 Lymphatic system:description
Fluid that has leaked from the cardiovascular system is returned to the the blood vessels by the __________ system
Lymphatic
Pg 120 Table 3.2 Lymphatic System: Description
_________ is a clear fluid rich in antibiotics transported by the lympth vessels
Lympth
Pg 121 table 3.2 description of lymphatic system
Acidic secretions in both the reproductive and the integumentary systems prevent ____________ Growth
Bacterial
Pg 121 Table 3.2 Lymphatic System: relationships with other organs (RWOO)
The __________ helps control the immune responce
Brain
Pg 121 Table 3.2 Lyphatic system: Relationships with other organ systems
The urinary system helps with proper lymphatic functioning by helping to maintain proper water/acid-base/electrolyte balance of the __________
Blood
Pg 121 Table 3.2 Lyphatic system: Relationships with other organ systems
The __________ system consists of skeletal muscles,tendons that connect muscle to bone and ligaments that attach bones together to form joints.
Muscular
Pg 121 Table 3.2 Muscular system: Description
What two types of muscle are NOT part of the Muscular System
Cardiac and Smooth
Pg 121 Table 3.2 Muscular system: Description
The ________ system releases hormones that influence muscle strength
Endocrine
Pg 121 Table 3.2 Muscular system: Relationships with other organ systems
The __________ system regulates and coordinates muscle activity
Nervous
Pg 121 Table 3.2 Muscular system: Relationships with other organ systems
The ____________system encourages larger muscle size in men
Reproductive
Pg 121 Table 3.2 Muscular system: Relationships with other organ systems
The _________provide levers for muscle activity
Bones
Pg 121 Table 3.2 Muscular system: Relationships with other organ systems
The ___________system releases hormones that regulate the activity of neurons
Endocrine
P 121 3.2 (nervous system: relationship with other organ systems)
The __________system helps dispose of metabolic waste and maintains the correct electrolyte balance for proper nerve function
Urinary
Pg 121 Table 3.2 Nervous system: Relationships with other organ systems
The _________system consists of the brain,spinal cord and nerves
Nervous
Pg 121 Table 3.2 Nervous system description
Sensory receptors in the nervous system detect stimuli that occur both _________ and _________ the body.
Inside and Outside
Pg 121 Table 3.2 Nervous System:Description
Once a threat to the body is detected the ___________system activates the appropriate muscles or glands to respond.
Nervous
Pg 121 Table 3.2 Nervous system: Description
The __________system consists of the testes, the penis, the ovaries, the vagina, and the breasts.
Reproductive
Pg 121 Table 3.2 Reproductive system: Description
The ____________ system is specialized in men to produce sperm and in women to produce eggs or OVA
Reproductive
Pg 121 Table 3.2 Reproductive system: Description
The _____________organs house hormones that encourage or supress activities within the body. (libido and agression) and influence the development of masculine or feminine body traits
Reproductive
Pg 121 Table 3.2 Reproductive system: Description
The _______ system transports sex hormones.
Lymphatic
Pg 121 Table 3.2 Reproductive system: Relationships with other organ systems
True or False

The muscular system is NOT envolved in child birth.
False
Pg 121 Table 3.2 Reproductive system:Relationships with other Organ systems
True or False
The respitory rate decreases during pregnancy
False ... it increases during pregnancy
Pg 121 Table 3.2 Respiratory system: Relationships with other organ systems
The ________system keeps the body's cells supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide as it is released from the cells.
Respiratory
Pg 121 Table 3.2 Respiratory system: Description
The ________ system consists of the nasal cavity, pharynx,larnyx,trachea,bronchi and lungs
Respiratory
Pg 121 Table 3.2 Respiratory system: Description
The lungs house tiny air sacs called ____________
Alveoli
Pg 121 Table 3.2 Respiratory system: Description
Oxygen and carbon dioxide move in and out of the lungs through the walls of the Aveoli via small blood vessels called __________ .
Arterioles
Pg 121 Table 3.2 Respiratory system: Description
The _________system aids in breathing by producing volume changes ( the diaphragm and intercostal muscles)
Muscular
Pg 121 Table 3.2 Respiratory system: Relationship with other Organ systems
The ____________ system regulates breathing rate and depth
Nervous
Pg 121 Table 3.2 Respiratory system: Relationship with other Organ systems
The ________system provides support and protection for the body and its organs.
Skeletal
Pg 121 Table 3.2 Skeletal system: Description
The ________system when used in conjunction with the muscles creates movement.
Skeletal
Pg 121 Table 3.2 Skeletal system: Description
The ______ system consists of bones, cartilage, ligaments and joints.
Skeletal
Pg 121 Table 3.2 Skeletal system: Description
The ________ system serves as a storage for minerals such as calcium and phosphorus
Skeletal
Pg 121 Table 3.2 Skeletal System description
The _______system releases hormones that regulate growth and the release of calcium.
Endocrine
Pg 121 Table 3.2 Skeletal system: Relationships with other organ systems
The _________system provides nutrients necessary for the mineralization of bones.
Digestive
Pg 121 Table 3.2 Skeletal system: Relationship with other organs
The ____________system activates Vitamin D, which is necesary for the adsorption of calcium into the bones
Urinary
The _______system helps place stress on the bones during exercise, which increases the deposit of calcium into the bones.
Muscular
The ________system recognizes painful stimuli in the bones and joints
Nervous
The ________system supplies oxygen and nutrients while removing waste such as lactic acid
Cardivascular or circulatory System
True or False

The skeletal system shape is influenced by the reproductive system
True
The __________system provides vitamin D that is necesary for the absortion of calcium into the bones
Integumentary
The ________system helps maintain the water and electrolyte balance in the body.
Urinary
The ________system regulates the acid/base balance of the blood in the body.
Urinary
The ________system removes all nitrogen containing wastes from body.
Urinary
True or False

Nitrogen conatining wastes in the body are the result of the breakdown of proteins and nucleic acids.
True
The ________system helps regulate the reabsorption of water and electrolytes in the kidneys.
endocrine
The ___________(digestive system) synethesizes Urea that must be excreted by the kidneys.
Liver
A standard position in which the body is facing forward ,the feet are parallel to each other and the arms are at the sides with the palms facing forward.
Anatomical form
The anatomical term meaning " towards the upper end of the body or structure"
Superior
The anatomical term meaning "toward the lower end of the body or structure"
Inferior
Pg 122 Table 3.3 definition : inferior
The anatomical term meaning "Toward the front of the body or structure"
Anterior
The anatomical term meaning "Towards the rear of the body or structure"
Posterior
The anatomical term meaning "towards the middle of the body or structure"
Medial
Anterior is the anatomical term meaning what ?
The anatomical term meaning "Toward the front of the body or structure"
Pg 122 Table 3.3 Anterior: definition
Posterior is the anatomical term meaning what ?
The anatomical term meaning "Towards the rear of the body or structure
Medial is the anatomical term meaning what ?
The anatomical term meaning "towards the middle of the body or structure
The anatomical term meaning "Toward the outer sides of the body or body structure"
Lateral
"Lateral" is the anatomical term meaning what ?
The anatomical term meaning "Toward the outer sides of the body or body structure"
Intermediate is the anatomical term meaning what ?
The anatomical term meaning "between medial and lateral"
The anatomical term meaning "between medial and lateral"
Intermediate
The opposite of anterior
Posterior
The opposite of superior : towards the lower end of the body or body structure
Inferior
Pg 122 Table 3.3
The opposite of medial
lateral
The opposite of lateral
Medial
The opposite of Posterior
Anterior
The opposite of distal
proximal
Pg 122 Table 3.3 Proximal Description
The opposite of proximal
distal
The anatomical term meaning "towards the outer sides of the body or structure"
Lateral
The anatomical term meaning " between medial and lateral"
Intermediate
The anatomical term meaning " close to the origin of the body part or close to the point of attachment
Proximal
The opposite of anterior
Posterior
The opposite of superior
Inferior
The opposite of medial
lateral
P 122 3.3
The opposite of lateral
Medial
The opposite of Posterior
Anterior
The opposite of distal
proximal
The opposite of proximal
distal
The anatomical term meaning "towards the outer sides of the body or structure" opposite of medial
Lateral
Pg 122 Table 3.3 Definition of Lateral
The anatomical term meaning " between medial and lateral"
Intermediate
P122 3.3
The anatomical term meaning " close to the origin of the body part or close to the point of attachment
Proximal
The anatomical term meaning "away from the origin of the body part or point of attachment ( opposite of Proximal)
Distal
Opposite of Distal
Proximal
Opposite of Proximal
Distal
The anatomical term meaning "toward ar at the body surface"
Superficial
The anatomical term meaning" Away from or below the body surface" (opposite of superficial)
Deep
Anatomical term meaning "opposite of superficial"
Deep
Anatomical term meaning" A cut made along a longitudinal plane dividing the body into right and left parts"
Sagittal section
Sagittal Section
Anatomical term meaning" A cut made along a longitudinal plane dividing the body into right and left parts"
MidSagittal Section
Anatomical term meaning" A cut made down the median of the body"
Transverse section
The anatomical term for a "cut made along a horizontal plane to divide the body into upper and lower regions" a cross section
The anatomical term for a "cut made along a horizontal plane to divide the body into upper and lower regions" a cross section
Transverse section
Frontal Section
The anatomical term for a "cut made along a longitudinal plane to divide the body into front and back regions"
The anatomical term for a "cut made along a longitudinal plane to divide the body into front and back regions"
Frontal Section
The anatomical term for the cavity containing the spinal column and the cranial cavity
Dorsal body cavity
what does the Ventral Body Cavity contain ?
The ventral body cavity contains all the structures within the chest and the abdomen
The _______ body cavity contains all the structures within the chest and the abdomen
Ventral
The diaphragm divides the ventral cavity into the _______ cavity (superior to the diaphragm) and the abdominal and pelvic cavities (below the diaphragm)
Thoracic
The diaphragm divides the ventral cavity into the thoracic cavity (superior to the diaphragm) and the _______and pelvic cavities (below the diaphragm)
abdominal
True or False
The eleven organ systems in the human body work together to carry out the functions necesary for life.
True
Every individual begins as a single cell that multiplies to form distinct patterns or groupings of cells called __________ .
Tissue
Pg 123 Paragraph 1
True or False

Tissues grow and mature to form specific organs and organs carry out specific body functions.
True
The bodily function that recieves ,interprets and responds to internal and external stimuli via the nervous system is ____________
Adaptation
The bodily function that transports oxygen and other nutrients to tissues via the cardiovascular system
Circulation
The bodily function that removes metabolic wastes from the body
Elimination
The bodily function that allows voluntary and involuntary movement of the body via the musculoskeletal and neurological syatems
Locomotion
The bodily function that allows us to take in and breakdown nutrients to be used for metabolism via the digestive system
Nutrtion
The bodily function that allows humans to take in Oxygen and expel carbon dioxide via the respiratory system
Oxygenation
The hormonal control of body functions via the endocrine system is handled by this bodily function
Regulation
The body function responsible for the production of off spring via the reproductive system
Self - Duplication
When all the needs of the body are met and all the organ systems are working properly, the body is in a stable state known as ____________
Homeostasis
What does it mean for the body to be in a state of "homeostasis"?
When all the needs of the body are met and all the organ systems are working properly, the body is in a stable state known as homeostasis
p123
Name eight things that all higher level life forms have in common
Maintaining boundaries, responding to enviromental change, Moving about, Ingesting and digesting nutrients, reproducing, growing,removing waste and the production of energy through metabolism
p123 3.5
The cells in the human body are ____________ cells.
Eukaryotic Cells
p123 3.5
The cells in the human body are eukaryotic cells, which means they are surronded by a ____________
Membrane
p123 3.5
True or False
The membrane surronding the
eukaryotic cells is semi -permiable, it allows some substances to pass through while restricting others.
True
Pg 123 Table 3.5 Maintaining Boundaries: Description
The ___________system that surronds the entire body protects it from enviromental stimuli and pathogens.
Integumentary
p123 3.5
The _____________ inside the eukaryotic cells, is also surronded by a membrane.
Organelles
Pg 123 Table 3.5 Description of Maintaining boundries
The hands ability to withdrawl from painful stimuli before the brain percieves the pain is an example of what type of reflex
Involuntary
p123 3.5
An individuals ability to physically move away from danger is an example of what type of responce
Voluntary
p123 3.5
The primary purpose of muscular tissue is to support _________ of the body
Movement

p123 3.5
True or False
The Muscular system moves the bones in the skeletal system and this movement is voluntary.
True
The muscle tissue in the Cardiovascular, digestive, reproductive,Urinary, and respiratory systems also support movement . Is this movement voluntary or Involuntary
Involuntary
The organs in the ____system work to remove nutrients from food and transport those nutrients to other parts of the body using the cardivascular system
Digestive
The organs in the Digestive system work to remove nutrients from food and transport those nutrients to other parts of the body using the ________ system
Cardiovascular
True or False
The reproductive system plays a key role in reproduction, and hormones regulate the process
True
True or False
Growth occurs due to changes in several body systems
True
True or False
Growth occurs due to changes in only the skeletal system
False
True or False
As we grow the skeletal and Muscular systems maintain the same shape
False
True or False
As we grow the Skeletal and muscular systems change shape and the digestive system removes nutrients from food that are transported to the cells via the cardivascular system.
True
True or False
The endocrine system releases hormones that signal when and how much growth should occur
True
Pg 123 Table 3.5 Growing: Description
True or False
Once nutrients have been removed from food in the digestion system, the waste that remains is excreted from the body using organs in both the digestive system and the urinary system.
True
__________is the use of energy by cells as a result of chemical reactions within the cells.
Metabolism
True or False
The digestive and respiratory system supply the nutrients and oxygen that the body needs to support metabolism.
True
True or False
Hormones secreted by the bodys digestive system regulate the body's metabolism.
False ...hormones secreted by the Endocrine system regulate the body's metabolism
Pg 123 Table 3.5 Metabolizing:description