Toefl Notes

Front 1

not harmful or offensive

Back 1

innocuous

"it was an innocuous question"

Front 2

not objectionable or harmful

Back 2

inoffensive

"the water ouzel is an agile, inoffensive creature | inoffensive wallpaper"

Front 3

a change or difference in condition, amount, or level, typically with certain limits

Back 3

variation

"regional variations in house prices | the figures showed marked variation from year to year"

Front 4

(of two or more people) fully in agreement

Back 4

unanimity

"the doctors were unanimous in their diagnoses."

Front 5

be harmonious or consistent with

Back 5

accord

Front 6

harmony or agreement between people or groups

Back 6

unity

"their leaders called for unity between opposing "

Front 7

in agreement or harmony

Back 7

congruence

"institutional and departmental objectives are largely congruent | the rules may not be congruent with the requirements of the law."

Front 8

formal agreement

Back 8

concordance

"the concordance between the teams' research results"

Front 9

help to explain (something) by providing further information about it.

Back 9

shed light on

Front 10

make (something) clear; explain

Back 10

elucidate

"work such as theirs will help to elucidate this matter"

Front 11

provide or serve as a satisfactory explanation or reason for

Back 11

account for

"he was brought before the Board to account for his"

Front 12

standing out so as to be clearly visible

Back 12

conspicuous

"he was very thin, with a conspicuous Adam's apple"

Front 13

highly obvious or conspicuous

Back 13

glaring

"there is a glaring omission in the above data."

Front 14

recognizably different in nature from something else of a similar type

Back 14

distinct

"the patterns of spoken language are distinct from those of writing | there are two distinct types of sickle cell disease."

Front 15

cause surprise or confusion in (someone), esp. by acting against their expectations

Back 15

confound

"the inflation figure confounded economic analysts."

Front 16

(of a state, quality, or emotion) very great or intense

Back 16

profound

"profound social changes | profound feelings of disquiet."

Front 17

(of something complicated or unaccountable) cause (someone) to feel completely baffled

Back 17

perplex

"she was perplexed by her husband's moodiness"

Front 18

giving cause for alarm; serious

Back 18

grave

"a matter of grave concern."

Front 19

cause (someone) to become perplexed and confused

Back 19

bewilder

"she seemed frightened and bewildered | his reaction had bewildered"

Front 20

totally bewilder or perplex

Back 20

baffle

"an unexplained occurrence that baffled everyone"

Front 21

a thing of little value or importance

Back 21

confound

"we needn't trouble the headmaster over such trifles"

Front 22

a slight amount of something

Back 22

shade

"there is a shade of wistfulness in his rejection"

Front 23

a person with whom one works, esp. in a profession or business.

Back 23

colleague

Front 24

a person or animal with whom one spends a lot of time or with whom one travels

Back 24

companion

Front 25

a conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning

Back 25

inference

"his emphasis on order and health, and by inference cleanliness"

Front 26

occur again, periodically, or repeatedly

Back 26

recurring

"when the symptoms recurred, the doctor diagnosed something different"

Front 27

more important than anything else; supreme

having supreme power

Back 27

paramount

"the interests of the child are of paramount importance"

"a paramount chief"

Front 28

a small remaining quantity of something.

Back 28

remnant

Front 29

appoint (someone) to a specified position

Back 29

designate

"he was designated as prime minister"

Front 30

a long, narrow part or section forming the handle of a tool or club, the body of a spear or arrow, or a similar implement

Back 30

shaft

"the shaft of a golf club | the shaft of a feather"

Front 31

that is solely or no more or better than what is specified

a lake, pond, or arm of the sea

Back 31

mere

"it happened a mere decade ago | questions that cannot be answered by mere mortals"

Front 32

a large group of animals, esp. hoofed mammals, that live, feed, or migrate together or are kept together as livestock

Back 32

herds

"a herd of elephants | large farms with big dairy herds"

Front 33

positioned in or relating to the sky, or outer space as observed in astronom

supremely

Back 33

celestial

"a celestial body"
"the celestial beauty of music"

Front 34

an isolated hill with steep sides and a flat top (similar to but narrower than a mesa)

Back 34

butte

Front 35

a large, thick, flat piece of stone, concrete, or wood, typically rectangular

a large, thick slice or piece of cake, bread, chocolate,

Back 35

slabs

"paving slabs | she settled on a slab of rock"

"a slab of bread and cheese"

Front 36

an isolated flat-topped hill with steep sides, found in landscapes with horizontal strata

Back 36

mesa

Front 37

form or devise (a plan or idea) in the

become pregnant with (a child)

Back 37

conceive

"a brilliantly conceived and executed robbery"

"she was conceived when her father was 49"

Front 38

call people together for (a meeting)

Back 38

convene

"he had convened a secret meeting of military personnel"

Front 39

be a sign of; indicate

Back 39

denote

"his mark denotes purity and quaity"

Front 40

have one's permanent home in a particular place

be situated

Back 40

reside

"people who work in the city actually reside in neighboring towns"

"the paintings now reside on the walls of a restaurant"

Front 41

a situation, object, or statement that is the reverse of another, or that corresponds to it but with certain terms transposed

Back 41

the converse

"if spirituality is properly political, the converse is also true: politics is properly spiritual"

Front 42

in spite of

Back 42

notwithstanding

"notwithstanding the evidence, the consensus is that the jury will not reach a verdict | [ postpositive ] this small contretemps notwithstanding, they both had a good time"

Front 43

coincidence

Back 43

happenstance

"it was just happenstance that I happened to be there | an untoward happenstance for Trudy"

Front 44

by that means; as a result of that

Back 44

thereby

"students perform in hospitals, thereby gaining a deeper awareness of the therapeutic power of music"

Front 45

by which

Back 45

whereby

"a system whereby people could vote by telephone"

Front 46

deduce or conclude (information) from evidence and reasoning rather than from explicit statements

Back 46

infer

"from these facts we can infer that crime has been increasing"

Front 47

able to be trusted as being accurate or true; reliable

Back 47

authoritative

"clear, authoritative information and advice | an authoritative source"

Front 48

the occurrence, rate, or frequency of a disease, crime, or something else undesirable

Back 48

incidence

"an increased incidence of cancer"

Front 49

present as the strongest or main element

Back 49

predominant

"its predominant color was white"

Front 50

having or exerting control or power

Back 50

predominant

"the predominant political forces"