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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Magnesium ensures that what crosses across the cell membrane?
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K and Na
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Magnesium is important for what?
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Protein metabolism. Also plays a role in nerve cell conduction. Important for transmitting CNS messages and maintaining neuromuscular activity.
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Causes hypomagnesemia
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Decreased intake or decreased absorption or excessive loss through bowel or bladder, Acute pancreatitis, starvation, malabsorption, ETOH, burns, diuretic therapy.
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S/S Hypomagnesemia
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Tremors, tetany, increased reflexes, paresthesia of legs and feet, convulsions, positive babinski/chvostek/trousseau signs, agitation, depression, confusion, hallucinations, EKG changes.
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What is one of the first things you should assess when someone is on Mag?
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Deep tendon reflexes
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Most common causes of hypermagnesemia?
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Renal failure, excessive amts of antacids or cathartics, DKA with severe water loss.
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S/S of hypermagnesemia
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Hypotension, drowsiness, absent DTR, resp depression, coma, cardiac arrest.
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What is the purpose of phosphorous?
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Essential for tissue oxygenation, normal CNS function, and movement of glucose into cells, assists in regulating Ca and maintains acid base balance. Inverse relationship w Ca.
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Causes of hypophosphotemia
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Malnutrition, hyperparathyroidism, certain renal tubular defects, DKA, disorders that cause hypercalcemia.
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S/S of hypophosphotemia
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Impaired cardiac fx, Poor tissue O2, muscle fatigue and weakness, N/V, anorexia, disorientation, seizures, coma.
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Causes of hyperphosphatemia
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Chronic renal failure, hyperparathyroidism, hyperthyroidism, severe catabolic states, conditions causing hypocalcemia.
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S/S of hyperphosphatemia
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Muscle cramping and weakness, increased HR, diarrhea, abdominal cramping, and nausea.
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What is normal pH?
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7.4
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> 7.4
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Alkalosis
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< 7.4
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Acidosis
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What are the pH levels for death?
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6.80 and 7.80
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What are chemical buffers?
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Immediate, proteins and cells can suck up.
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How is the resp system a buffer?
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It only takes minutes. The RR can speed up to blow off excess CO2.
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How long does it take for the kidneys to regulate acids and bases?
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Hours to days.
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What is the normal CO2?
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35-45
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Retention of H ions results in _________.
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Acidosis
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Retention of bicarb results in ________.
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Alkalosis
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Name three chemical buffers
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Bicarb, phosphate, and proteins.
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What is normal PaCO2
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35-45
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Normal CO2 in venous blood?
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24-33
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Where is bicarb produced?
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Kidneys
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Normal PaO2?
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80-100
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Normal HCO3?
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22-26
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If the PaO2 is below 80 the person is ?
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Hypoxic
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Ph > 7.45
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Alkalotic
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Ph < 7.35
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Acidotic
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PaCO2 < 35
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Alkalotic
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PaCO2 > 45
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Acidic
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HCO3 < 22
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Acidic
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HCO3 > 26
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Alkaline
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Bicarb and pH match
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Metabolic
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CO2 and pH match
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Respiratory
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