Tn Academic Vocabulary Eighth Grade Social Studies Terms

Front 1

altruism

Back 1

Altruism is selfless concern for the welfare of others. It is a traditional virtue in many cultures, and central to many religious traditions

Front 2

antebellum

Back 2

Antebellum is a Latin word meaning before war (ante means before and bellum is war). In United States history and historiography, the term antebellum is often used to refer to the period of increasing sectionalism leading to the American Civil War, instead of the term "pre-Civil War".

Front 3

Articles of Confederation

Back 3

The first document created to govern the newly formed government after the American Revolution. It created a “firm league of friendship” among the 13 original states. The states agreed to send delegates to a Confederation Congress. Each state had one vote in Congress.

Front 4

Bill of Rights

Back 4

first ten amendments to the Constitution ratified in 1791, these amendments limit governmental power and protect basic rights and liberties of individuals.

Front 5

Columbian Exchange

Back 5

Antebellum is a Latin word meaning before war (ante means before and bellum is war). In United States history and historiography, the term antebellum is often used to refer to the period of increasing sectionalism leading to the American Civil War, instead of the term "pre-Civil War".

Front 6

Commerce

Back 6

Commerce is the trading of something of economic value such as goods, services, information or money between two or more entities

Front 7

Common Sense

Back 7

Common Sense was a pamphlet written by Thomas Paine. It was first published anonymously on January 10, 1776, before the American Revolution

Front 8

confederation

Back 8

A confederation is an association of sovereign states or communities, usually created by treaty but often later adopting a common constitution

Front 9

Constitution of the United States

Back 9

Constitution – the system of fundamental laws and principles that prescribes the nature, functions, and limits of a government or another institution. The fundamental law of the United States, framed in 1787, ratified in 1789, and variously amended since then.

Front 10

Credit and debt

Back 10

In finance, credit (as in the term "credit card") is the granting of a loan and the creation of debt. Debt is that which is owed; usually referencing assets owed, but the term can cover other obligations

Front 11

Declaration of Independence

Back 11

the declaration of the Congress of the Thirteen United States of America, on the 4th of July, 1776, by which they formally declared that these colonies were free and independent States, not subject to the government of Great Britain.

Front 12

diplomacy

Back 12

Diplomacy is the art and practice of conducting negotiations between representatives of groups or states

Front 13

doctrine

Back 13

A principle or body of principles presented for acceptance or belief, as by a religious, political, scientific, or philosophic group; dogma, e.g., Monroe Doctrine

Front 14

Emancipation Proclamation

Back 14

The Emancipation Proclamation was an executive order in 1863 by U.S. President Abraham Lincoln during the American Civil War, which declared the freedom of all slaves in those areas of the rebellious Confederate States of America that had not already returned to Union control

Front 15

federalism

Back 15

power is shared between two sets of governmental institutions, those of the states and those of the central or federal authorities, as stipulated by the Constitution

Front 16

Gettysburg Address

Back 16

The Emancipation Proclamation was an executive order in 1863 by U.S. President Abraham Lincoln during the American Civil War, which declared the freedom of all slaves in those areas of the rebellious Confederate States of America that had not already returned to Union control

Front 17

infrastructure

Back 17

Infrastructure is generally a set of interconnected structural elements that provide the framework supporting an entire structure. The term has diverse meanings in different fields, but is perhaps most widely understood to refer to roads, airports, and utilities.

Front 18

institution

Back 18

customs, practices, relationships, or behavioral patterns of importance in the life of a community or society: the institutions of marriage and the family. Established organizations or foundations that reflect the culture and beliefs of a people

Front 19

insurrection

Back 19

An insurgency, or insurrection, is an armed uprising, or revolt against an established civil or political authority.

Front 20

interdependence

Back 20

people relying on each other in different places or in the same place for ideas, goods, and services.

Front 21

movement

Back 21

the moving of people, ideas, information and products around the world.

Front 22

nationalism

Back 22

The belief that nations will benefit from acting independently rather than collectively, emphasizing national rather than international goals.

Front 23

Puritanism

Back 23

a religious reform movement in the late 16th and 17th centuries that sought to “purify” the Church of England of remnants of the Roman Catholic “popery” that the Puritans claimed had been retained after the religious settlement reached early in the reign of Queen Elizabeth I.

Front 24

Reconstruction

Back 24

period after the Civil War when the south was re-built; also, the Federal program to rebuild it.

Front 25

Republicanism

Back 25

Republicanism is the ideology of governing a nation as a republic, with an emphasis on liberty, rule by the people, and the civic virtue practiced by citizens. Republicanism always stands in opposition to aristocracy, oligarchy and dictatorship. More broadly, it refers to a political system that protects liberty, especially by incorporating a rule of law that cannot be arbitrarily ignored by the government.

Front 26

segregation

Back 26

The policy or practice of separating people of different races, classes, or ethnic groups, as in schools, housing, and public or commercial facilities, especially as a form of discrimination

Front 27

Social norms

Back 27

In sociology, a norm, or social norm, is a rule that is socially enforced

Front 28

suffrage

Back 28

Suffrage (from the Latin suffragium, meaning "vote") is the civil right to vote, or the exercise of that right.

Front 29

Supply and demand

Back 29

the quantities of a good or service that a firm is willing and able to make available for sale at different prices (economic concept of supply and demand).