Tn Academic Vocabulary Eighth Grade Reading Language Arts Vocabulary Terms

Front 1

Allusion (define concept with simple illustrations)

Back 1

An allusion is a literary device that stimulates ideas, associations, and extra information in the reader's mind with only a word or two. Allusion means 'reference'. It relies on the reader being able to understand the allusion and being familiar with all of the meaning hidden behind the words.

Front 2

Antecedent (pronoun/antecedent agreement)

Back 2

An antecedent is generally the noun or noun phrase to which an anaphor refers in a co-reference, however an antecedent also can be a clause, especially when the anaphor is a demonstrative.

Front 3

bias

Back 3

A bias is a prejudice in a general or specific sense, usually in the sense for having a preference to one particular point of view or ideological perspective.

Front 4

Clincher sentence

Back 4

A paragraph ends with a clincher/transition sentence.
• Clincher Sentences
-Similar to topic sentences.
-Form the conclusion of the paragraph.
-Usually the last sentence in the paragraph.
-Closes the paragraph.
-Names the main idea of the paragraph.
-Sometimes summarizes or names the details of the paragraph.
-Is different from the topic sentence (should use different words than the topic
sentence).
-Sometimes they start with a concluding transition (a word or group of words that tell the reader that you are finishing something.)
•Three types of Clincher Sentences:
-General-summarizes only the main idea of a paragraph, it may make the reader think more about the topic.
-Clueing-names the main idea and ties the details together with a clue word (same clue words we used earlier in the clueing topic sentence).
-Specific-names the main idea, names the specific details that were covered in the paragraph order.

Front 5

Coherent order

Back 5

Pronunciation: kO-'hi(&)r
Function: verb
Inflected Form(s): co•hered; co•her•ing
1 a : to hold together firmly as parts of the same mass b : to consist of parts that cohere
2 a : to become united in principles, relationships, or interests b : to be in agreement between parts
In writing, coherent order is created by using transitions. Coherent literally means "to stick together." In order for a paragraph and even an essay to stick together, we must use these great words called transitions.

Front 6

Composition structure (structural patterns in composition)

Back 6

Personal essay
Narrative or descriptive
Describing a process
Comparison and Contrast
Using ExamplesClassification/Analysis
Developing a definition
Evaluative Essay (Review)
Cause and Effect
Argumentative Essay
Writing about literature
Writing a research paper

Front 7

Cross-reference

Back 7

A cross-reference (noun) is an instance within a document of referring to information elsewhere (either within the same work or in a separate work). To cross-reference or to cross-refer (verb) is to make such connections

Front 8

debate

Back 8

Pronunciation: di-'bAt
Function: noun
: a verbal argument: as a : the discussion of a motion before a legislature b : a regulated discussion of a problem between two matched sides

Front 9

derivation

Back 9

Pronunciation: "der-&-'vA-sh&n
Function: noun
1 a : the formation (as by the addition of a prefix or suffix) of a word from another word or root b : an act of finding out or stating how a word was formed c : ETYMOLOGY2 a : a point of origin : SOURCE b : development from a source : DESCENT c : an act or process of deriving

Front 10

dramatization

Back 10

Pronunciation: 'dram-&-"tIz, 'dräm-
Function: verb
1 : to make into a drama
2 : to present or represent in a dramatic manner

Front 11

Elaboration (supportive details)

Back 11

Pronunciation: i-'lab-&-"rAt
Function: verb
Inflected Form(s): -rat•ed; -rat•ing
1 : to work out in detail : DEVELOP <elaborate an idea>
2 : to give more details <elaborate on a story>

Front 12

Facilitator (role identification/groups)

Back 12

A facilitator is someone who skilfully helps a group of people understand their common objectives and plan to achieve them without personally taking any side of the argument.

Front 13

Gerund and gerund phrase

Back 13

Gerund: a gerund is the form of a verb, but it is not a verb. Second, it is a noun. And finally, it ends in "ing."
Gerund phrase - The gerund phrase includes the gerund and the object of the gerund or any modifiers related to the gerund.

Front 14

Infer from unstated assumptions

Back 14

Infer: Pronunciation: in-'f&r
Function: verb
Inflected Form(s): in•ferred; in•fer•ring
1 : to arrive at as a conclusion
2 : 1GUESS 1, surmise
3 : IMPLY 2
Unstated assumptions: a fact or statement that is taken for granted but is not said directly

Front 15

jargon

Back 15

Pronunciation: 'jär-g&n, -"gän
Function: noun
1 : a mixed language used for communication between peoples whose native languages are different
2 : the special language of a particular activity or group <legal jargon>
3 : language that is not clear and is full of long important-sounding words

Front 16

Logic (inductive/deductive reasoning)

Back 16

Pronunciation: 'läj-ik
Function: noun
1 : the study of the rules and tests of sound reasoning
2 : REASONING 1; especially : sound reasoning <no logic in that remark>
3 : connection (as of facts or events) in a way that seems reasonable <the logic of a situation>
4 : the arrangement of circuit elements (as in a computer) needed for computation

Front 17

Mnemonic device

Back 17

Pronunciation: ni-'män-ik
Function: adjective
: an activity or strategy assisting or intended to assist memory

Front 18

Oral language techniques (inflection, enunciation, rate, and pitch)

Back 18

Inflection: Pronunciation: in-'flek-sh&n
Function: noun
1 : a change in the pitch or tone of a person's voice
2 : the change in the form of a word showing its case, gender, number, person, tense, mood, voice, or comparison
Enunciation: Pronunciation: E-'n&n(t)-sE-"At
Function: verb
Inflected Form(s): -at•ed; -at•ing
1 : to make known publicly : PROCLAIM
2 : to pronounce clearly : ARTICULATE
rate Main Entry: 2rate
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English rate "an estimated or determined value," from early French rate (same meaning), derived from Latin rata, literally, "fixed, determined," from (pro) rata (parte) "according to the fixed proportion"
1 a : a constant ratio between two things <a rate of exchange> b : a price or charge set according to a scale or standard <hotel rates> <tax rate>
2 : a quantity, amount, or degree of something measured in units of something else <the unemployment rate>
3 : a level of quality : CLASS
pitch: a : highness or lowness of sound b : a standard frequency for tuning instruments <the oboe sounded the pitch>

Front 19

Participial phrase and participles

Back 19

Participle: First and foremost, a participle is the form of a verb, but it is not a verb. Second, it is an adjective. And finally, it ends in "ing" or "ed" or "en."
Participial phrase: The participial phrase includes the participle and the object of the participle or any words modified by or related to the participle.

Front 20

Persuasive writing techniques

Back 20

Ethos, logos, pathos
Ethos: speaker’s character as it appears to the audience
Logos: logic and rationality
Pathos: appeal to emotions

Front 21

preface

Back 21

Pronunciation: 'pref-&s
Function: noun
: a section that introduces a book or a speech

Front 22

reliability

Back 22

Able to be trusted; when referring to a source: Using reliable sources assures the reader that what is being presented meets the Wikipedia standards for verifiability, originality, and neutrality. Accurate citation allows the reader to go to those sources and gives appropriate credit to the author of the work.

Front 23

Sensory detail

Back 23

Details that appeal to the senses

Front 24

Shades of meaning

Back 24

Understanding the difference between words like “softly” and “quietly”

Front 25

Synthesize/analyze

Back 25

Synthesize: to combine often very different ideas into an ordered whole
Analyze: an explanation of the nature and meaning of something

Front 26

tension

Back 26

a state of mental unrest that is often accompanied by physical signs (as perspiring) of emotion b : a state of unfriendliness between individuals or groups

Front 27

Thesis statement

Back 27

A thesis statement in an essay is a sentence that explicitly identifies the purpose of the paper or previews its main ideas.

Front 28

Writing process

Back 28

Prewriting – brainstorming, graphic organizers, story starters
Writing – first draft; just write
Revising – changing things in the textEditing – checking spelling, grammar, punctuation, vocabulary
Publishing – final copy, neat, correct format