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10 Cards in this Set
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Intro to Existentialism - Individual is focal point of existentialism - Existence precedes essence, which we choose - Sartre disliked psychoanalysis, strips us of our responsibility, bad faith - Sartre - we choose our passions as much as anything else - Morality of acting in accordance with our freedom (almost deonotological?) |
Sartre and Human Consciousness - In-itself vs. for-itself, lack of coincidence between consciousness and expression thereof - Gap between subject/object devoid of meaning, we can create this - Disharmony between object/subject pushes our desire to be God and reconcile this difference (doomed to failure but process stops encrustation) |
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Existentialism and Humanism - Optimistic: "what is alarming...is...that it confronts man with a possibility of choice" - Choosing one's values necessarily involves believing those values should be held by all men (humanism aspect) - No love except the deeds of love - Reproaches "man as an end in itself" humanism, man is still being determined and no judgement should be pronounced on him |
Sartre and Literature - Criticised structuralism; implies determnism in that culture is what creates link between signified and signifier - Authentic writing - language as tool to create meaning, not to point at meaning/phonetics - Literary criticism should not have death of author (bad faith) - Ambiguity of Sartre's characters allows reader to create meaning through their own interpretation |
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Huis Clos - Random objects emphasise meaninglessness and nausea of object world - Identifying with characters questions reader's own project - Like Zola, Sartre kills the hero to concentrate attention on sincerity of characters - Setting questions characters' protestations as to who they are, actions are judged |
What is Literature? - Poetry refuses to utilise language - The writer should ask themselves what would happen if everyone read their work - Literary critics don't want to live in the real world - Reading is experiencing our freedom, and in turn recognizing the freedom of others - Writing enables self-reflection upon one's values, makes them free |
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Camus and L'Etranger - Embracing absurd is precondition of life, not end of it - Rebellion as contrast to totalitarian, sure-of-itself ideology - L'Et's emphasis on nature - dense integrity of things compared to man - Estrangement from the world is inevitable for all humanity |
Sartre and Camus - Links - Shared experience of war as civilian, unable to practice self-assertion through violence - No Exit and Meursault's prison symbolic of fact that life always lived in incarceration - Sartre thinks death renders intrinsic values impossible, Camus lives more in present - Proust - recapturing past, Sartre - building future, Camus - living in the present |
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Freudian Theory - Oedipus Complex and Unconscious are key - Unconscious holds content unacceptable to the conscious/not organised around social reality - Consciousness is a narrative, and an outcome of repression -Neurosis/psychosis incorporated into social meaning |
Civilisation and Its Discontents - Ego (social/repressed), Id (presocial, unrepressed) - Childhood - ego is everything, no contrast between self and external world - Happiness is a problem of the economics of the libido in each individual, no one recipe - Libido must be channeled into civilisation - Civilisation, exchanging happiness for security - Ethics as cultural super-ego |
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Freudian Theory and Sexual Development - Father symbolises social law, becomes first symbol of repression (blocks access to mother) - Castration Complex & Penis Envy - Every developmental process contains seed of a pathological disposition (whether inhibited, delayed, or running its course incompletely) |
Science and Psychoanalysis
- Unconscious: structure of connections between ideas and concepts and semantics is not binary but intersectional and deeply personal - Conscious backwards-rationalises unconscious desires/motivations (Lear) - Popper: not falsifiable, but Freud modified theories in light of empirical evidence? But used post hoc explanations |
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Liberal Feminism
- Liberals may not tolerate the state helping women to pursue their projects - McElroy's ifeminism: grassroots activism, radical heritage - Liberating industrial revolution, class analysis in terms of violence vs. peaceful - Butler decision (Strossen) harms, if system is patriarchal why hand over more power? |
Anglo-American Feminism - Liberal feminism ignores socialisation issues - Focus upon textual criticism (women's canon) - Millet/Moers/Showalter - Moi criticises AAF's attempt to create separate canon rather than looking at sexual difference on textual and institutional level |
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Modernism/Postmodernism - Habermas, continuation of modernism, rationalism/empiricism/emancipation of individual - Adorno/Horkheimer, dialectic of Enlightenment is madness (instrumental reason dominates, becoming irrational) - Lyotard - incredulity towards metanarratives, anti-teleological, pragmatist epistemology, reconsidering narratives in terms of power - Against binarism, the transcendental signified is absent |
Postmodernism II (Meynell) - Foucault commends Montaigne (ignoring unreasonableness is against reason - Derrida criticises Foucault because F's evidence communicates meaning through reason - Derrida cannot criticise reason generally, must focus upon specific manifestations - Cure for bad binarisms is more reason, not abdication of it - Questioning hierarchies is valid but some must be good |
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Postmodernism III (Meynell) - Lyotard: scientific knowledge communicated through non-scientific narrative - Language-games: inventing new language games, new moves in old ones, competition between them is based on aesthetics - Scientific narrative erodes tradition (but not always?!) - Rorty: anti-representationalism, we cannot reflect nature in the mind, but this renders his own arguments without weight |
Third-Wave Feminism - Are gender categories even real? - Discussion is particular to personal associations - Abstract political agency (inert textual criticism?) - Lacan unlike Freud views child's subjectivity as fragmentary |
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The Yellow Wallpaper - Context of hysteria - LibFem - narrator denied equal rights, involvement in public life - Radfen - discourse damaging to women, male cartesian rationality not intersubjective phenomenology - 3rdWFem - multiple interpretations, not one key narrative, identity as plural/performative/intersectional |
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