Tj Oswald Pathology

Front 1

how does colorectal carcinoma classically present?

Back 1

left side lesions --> blood in stool right side lesions --> anemia (from occult blood loss)

Front 2

list four major differences between benign and malignant neoplasms

Back 2

1. differentiation and anaplasia 2. rate of growth 3. local invasion 4. metastases (most important difference)

Front 3

most common site for colorectal cancer?

Back 3

sigmoid colon

Front 4

Name the autosomal dominant polyposis syndrome associated with each of the following findings: benign, hamartomas of GI tract; perioral freckling; no malignant potential but increased risk of other tumors

Back 4

Peutz-Jegher's Syndrome.  Dominant mutation in STK11 (tumor suppressor gene)

Front 5

Name the autosomal dominant polyposis syndrome associated with each of the following findings: defect in DNA mismatch repair --> many colonic lesions (especially proximal); malignant potential ~50%

Back 5

HNPCC.  aka Lynch Syndrome.  microsatellite instability.

Front 6

Name the autosomal dominant polyposis syndrome associated with each of the following findings: hundreds of colonic polyps; malignant potential ~100%

Back 6

familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP); loss of function mutation in APC gene.  APC is central component of B-catenin destruction complex.

Front 7

name the six, small, round, blue cell tumors of childhood:

Back 7

1. ewing sarcoma 2. lymphoma 3. neuroblastoma 4. medulloblastoma 5. rhabdomyosarcoma 6. primitive neuroectodermal tumors

Front 8

Name the skin malignancy associated with each of the following features: associated with arsenic and radiation exposure

Back 8

squamous cell carcinoma

Front 9

Name the skin malignancy associated with each of the following features: radial phase precedes vertical growth phase

Back 9

melanoma

Front 10

Name the skin malignancy associated with each of the following statements: actinic keratosis is a precursor lesion

Back 10

squamous cell carcinoma

Front 11

Name the skin malignancy associated with each of the following statements: associated with excessive sun exposure; may arise from dysplastic nevus cells

Back 11

melanoma

Front 12

Name the skin malignancy associated with each of the following statements: histopathology characterized by "keratin pearls"

Back 12

squamous cell carcinoma

Front 13

Name the skin malignancy associated with each of the following statements: histopathology shows darkly staining cells with palisading nuclei

Back 13

basal cell carcinoma paste-13121125089281.jpg

Front 14

Name the skin malignancy associated with each of the following statements: locally aggressive, ulcerating, and hemorrhagic; almost never metastasizes

Back 14

basal cell carcinoma.  (Mohs surgery has high cure rate for BCC)

Front 15

Name the skin malignancy associated with each of the following statements: most common skin malignancy

Back 15

basal cell carcinoma

Front 16

Name the skin malignancy associated with each of the following statements: occurs in sun exposed areas and tends to involve the lower part of the face

Back 16

squamous cell carcinoma

Front 17

Name the skin malignancy associated with each of the following statements: occurs in sun exposed areas and tends to involve the upper part of the face

Back 17

basal cell carcinoma

Front 18

Name the type(s) of neoplastic polyp: highly malignant; sessile tumor with fingerlike projections

Back 18

villous adenoma

Front 19

Name the type(s) of neoplastic polyp: shares features of both other types of neoplastic polyps

Back 19

tubulovillous adenoma

Front 20

Name the type(s) of neoplastic polyp: usually benign and pedunculated; most common

Back 20

tubular adenoma (75%)

Front 21

Name the type(s) of primary lung cancer associated with the following features: associated with production of ADH (SIADH) and ACTH (Cushing)

Back 21

small cell carcinoma

Front 22

Name the type(s) of primary lung cancer associated with the following features: associated with production of PTH-related peptide, hypercalcemia

Back 22

squamous cell           Central          Cavitation          Cigarettes  hyperCalcemia    interCellular bridges          Cytoplasmic keratinization

Front 23

Name the type(s) of primary lung cancer associated with the following features: carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) positive

Back 23

adenocarcinoma

Front 24

Name the type(s) of primary lung cancer associated with the following features: central location

Back 24

small cell and squamous cell

Front 25

Name the type(s) of primary lung cancer associated with the following features: dysplasia and carcinoma in situ precede development of this tumor

Back 25

squamous cell carcinoma

Front 26

Name the type(s) of primary lung cancer associated with the following features: giant pleomorphic cells, poor prognosis, peripheral, and high likelihood of cerebral mets

Back 26

large cell carcinoma

Front 27

Name the type(s) of primary lung cancer associated with the following features: least linked to smoking, frequently seen in nonsmoking women

Back 27

adenocarcinoma; bronchioalveolar subtype

Front 28

Name the type(s) of primary lung cancer associated with the following features: most aggressive tumor

Back 28

small cell carcinoma

Front 29

Name the type(s) of primary lung cancer associated with the following features: Oat-like, dark blue cells,nuclear molding (nuclei appear pushed-together, changing each others shape)

Back 29

small cell carcinoma

Front 30

Name the type(s) of primary lung cancer associated with the following features: peripheral location

Back 30

adenocarcinoma, large cell carcinoma, bronchioalveolar carcinoma

Front 31

Name the type(s) of primary lung cancer associated with the following features: strongest link to smoking

Back 31

squamous cell and small (oat) cell carcinomas

Front 32

Name the type(s) of primary lung cancer associated with the following features: tumor at apex of lung causes horner syndrome or lower brachial plexopathy

Back 32

pancoast tumor, also called a pulmonary sulcus tumor or superior sulcus tumor

Front 33

Name the type(s) of primary lung cancer associated with the following features: tumor cells lining alveolar walls

Back 33

adenocarcinoma (bronchioalveolar subtype)

Front 34

what 4 classes of genes are primary targets for genetic mutation leading to cancer?

Back 34

1. protooncogenes (promote growth) 2. tumor suppressor genes (inhibit growth) 3. genes that regulate apoptosis 4. genes that regulate DNA repair

Front 35

what are the characteristics worrisome for malignant melanoma?

Back 35

ABCDE

Front 36

what are the two steps in the process of chemical carcinogenesis?

Back 36

1. initiation: cells undergo irreversible genetic mutation 2. promotion: chemicals promote growth of initiated cells

Front 37

what is the most common type of malignant tumor in the lungs?

Back 37

metastasis

Front 38

what is the most important prognostic factor in malignant melanoma?

Back 38

depth of invasion