Tissues Anatomy

Front 1

tissues are the ____ form of teamwork in the body

Back 1

simplest

Front 2

what are the four major type of tissues in the body?

Back 2

1. Epithelial
2. Connective
3. Muscular
4. Nervous

Front 3

the study of tissues is called what?

Back 3

histology

Front 4

_____ ____ is widespread throughout the body, covers organs, and lines the body surface

Back 4

epithelial tissues

Front 5

What are some characteristics of epithelial cells?

Back 5

they are anchored to a basement membrane, are made up of tightly packed cells containing little intercellular material, generally lack blood cells, and are replaced frequently

Front 6

What is the function of epithelial cells?

Back 6

for protection, secretion, absorption, excretion, and sensory reception.

Front 7

epithelial cells make up to what percentage of body weight?

Back 7

3%

Front 8

what makes epithelial cells different from the rest?

Back 8

1. Dont move (unlike muscle)
2. Don't send messages (unlike nervous tissue)
3. Their cells touch one another (unlike connective)

Front 9

what are the three shapes of epithelial cells?

Back 9

1. squamous (remember being squashed like a pancake)
2. cuboidal (shaped like a cube)
3. columnar (shaped like a column)

Front 10

shape of epithelial cells is not enough, cells of same shape have different organization known as ____ and _____

Back 10

SIMPLE and STRATIFIED

Front 11

Further division in epithelial tissues of stratified is seen, what are they?

Back 11

ciliated and unciliated

Front 12

_____ _____ _____ is made up of a single layer of thin, flattened cells

Back 12

simple squamous epithelium

Front 13

what is the function of simple squamous epithelial tissue?

Back 13

for diffusion, thus functions in the exchange of gases in the lungs and lines blood and lymph vessels as well as body cavities

Front 14

_____ _____ ____ consists of a single layer of cube-shaped cells with centrally located nuclei

Back 14

simple cuboidal epithelium

Front 15

what are the functions of simple cuboidal epithelial?

Back 15

functions in secretion and absorption in the kidneys, and in secretion in glands.

Front 16

____ _____ ___ is made up of a row of elongated cells whose nuclei are located near the basement membrane. It may be ciliated

Back 16

simple columnar epithelium

Front 17

what are the functions of simple columnar epithelial?

Back 17

lines the uterus, stomach, and intestines. It protects underlying tissues, secretes digestive fluids, and absorbs nutrients.

Front 18

_____ ______ _____ cells appear layered due to the varying positions of their nuclei within the row of cells, but are truly layered

Back 18

pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium

Front 19

_____ ______ ____ is made up of layers of flattened cells that are designed to protect underlying layers

Back 19

stratified squamous epithelium

Front 20

where is stratified squamous epithelial located?

Back 20

it make up the outer layer of skin, and lines the mouth, throat, vagina, and anal canal (OUTSIDE)

Front 21

In the skin, outer layers of cells undergo _______; however, this process does not occur where tissues remain moist in the throat, vagina, or anal canal

Back 21

kertinization

Front 22

_____ ______ _____ tissues consists of two to three layers of cuboidal cells lining a lumen of the mammary glands, sweat glands, salivary glands, and pancreas

Back 22

stratified cuboidal epithelium

Front 23

what is the function of stratified cuboidal epithelial?

Back 23

the several layers function to provide greater protection than one single layer

Front 24

_____ _____ ____ tissue consists of several layers of cells and is found in the vas deferns, part of the male urethra and parts of the pharynx

Back 24

stratified columnar epithelum

Front 25

_____ _____ is designed to distend and return to its normal size, as it does in the lining of the urinary bladder

Back 25

transitional epithelium

Front 26

what is the function of transitional epithelium?

Back 26

designed to provide distensibility and keeps urine from diffusing back into the internal cavity.

Front 27

_____ _____ is tissue made up of cells designed to produce and secrete substances into ducts or into body fluids.

Back 27

glandular epithelium

Front 28

what are the functions of glandular epithelium?

Back 28

it secretes products into ducts which are EXOCRINE: those that secrete body fluids and ENDOCRINE: those that secrete blood

Front 29

how are glands classified?

Back 29

by the way they secrete their products

Front 30

_____ glands release fluid products by exocytosis (pancreas_ and are grouped as serous which produce a water fluid or mucus which produce a thicker, protective substance

Back 30

Merocrine

Front 31

_____ glands lose portions of their cell bodies during secretion (mammary glands)

Back 31

Apocrine

Front 32

______ glands release entire cells- rapid mitosis (sebaceous glands)

Back 32

Holocrine

Front 33

Merocrine examples

Back 33

mucus, sweat, tears

Front 34

Apocrine examples

Back 34

milk, axillary sweat

Front 35

Holocrine examples

Back 35

sebaceous (oil) fluid

Front 36

What are the functions of Connective Tissue?

Back 36

Bind, Support, Protect, serve as frameworks, fill spaces, store fat, produce blood cells, protect against infection, and repair tissue damage

Front 37

What are the unique characteristics of connective tissue?

Back 37

Unlike epithelial cells, they have an abundant matrix, or intracellular material, throughout, and have good blood supply (expect cartilage)

Front 38

What are the three major cell types of connective tissue?

Back 38

Fibroblast, Macropages, Mast Cells

Front 39

_____ is the most common cell type of connective tissue, and is fixed, star-shaped cell that secretes fibers and is large in size

Back 39

fibroblast

Front 40

wandering ______ function as scavenger cells and defend against infection

Back 40

macrophages

Front 41

____ ___ are large and are located near blood vessels where they release Heparin (anticoagulant) and Histamine (promotes inflammation)

Back 41

Mast Cells

Front 42

what are the three connective tissue fibers?

Back 42

1. collagenous
2. Elastic Fibers
3. Reticular Fibers

Front 43

Strong ____ ____ are made of the protein collagen, add stength for holding body parts together. Tendons and Ligaments

Back 43

Collagenous Fibers

Front 44

what color are collagenous fibers?

Back 44

white

Front 45

What do tendons hold together?

Back 45

muscle to bone

Front 46

What do ligaments hold together?

Back 46

bone to bone

Front 47

____ _____ are made of elastin, are stretchy and add flexibility to certain connective tissues

Back 47

elastic fibers

Front 48

what color are elastic fibers?

Back 48

yellow

Front 49

where are elastic fibers located?

Back 49

in your ear-bones, larynx

Front 50

______ _____ are thin collagenous fibers from supportive networks in a variety of tissues.

Back 50

Reticular Fibers

Front 51

where are reticular fibers located?

Back 51

lymph nodes, spleen, stroma (mattress of bed)

Front 52

Connective Tissues make up how much percentage of your body weight?

Back 52

45%

Front 53

true or false, connective tissues do not touch each other, they touch other tissues

Back 53

true

Front 54

blood is a ______ _____ that connects all the body system ______

Back 54

connective tissue, together

Front 55

_____ _____ ___ forms delicate, thin membranes throughout the body that bind body parts together such as skin and underlying organs

Back 55

Loose Connective Tissue

Front 56

loose connective tissue are also known as?

Back 56

areolar (open spaces)

Front 57

what is the universal packing material of the body?

Back 57

loose connective (areolar) tissue

Front 58

in loose connective tissue the majority of the cells are _____ that are separated by a gel-like substance that contains _____ and _____ fibers.

Back 58

fibroblast, collagenous and elastic

Front 59

____ ____ is loose connective tissue designed to store fate

Back 59

adipose tissue

Front 60

where is adipose tissue found?

Back 60

found beneath the skin, around joints, passing the kidneys, and in certain abdominal regions

Front 61

what is the function of adipose tissue?

Back 61

reserved energy supply, insults our joints, cushions

Front 62

what are white adipose tissue?

Back 62

they are broken down for nutrients

Front 63

what are brown adipose tissue?

Back 63

fuel lipids for energy to produce ATP for body heat in infants who cannot produce it

Front 64

what is the normal fat of an average body?

Back 64

18%

Front 65

adipose cells are highly _____, meaning metabolically active

Back 65

vascularized

Front 66

how many fat cells are in our body?

Back 66

40-50 million and always the same number throughout life span.

Front 67

_____ _____ ___ consists of densely packed collagenous fibers and is very strong but lacks a good blood supply

Back 67

dense connective tissue

Front 68

what is the difference between dense regular and irregular connective tissue?

Back 68

Regular- nuclei are fairly parallel to each other

Irregular- nuclei all over, fibrous each way

Front 69

dense connective tissue are what type of fiber?

Back 69

collagenous

Front 70

what are the dense regular connective tissue used for?

Back 70

resting and pulling, one plane

Front 71

what are dense irregular connective tissue used?

Back 71

to resist forces every direction, great for shoulder capsule

Front 72

____ is a _____ ____ ____ that provides supportive framework for various structures. It lacks a vascular system and heals slowly (sprains)

Back 72

Cartilage, Rigid Connective Tissue

Front 73

____ making cartilage

Back 73

chondroblast

Front 74

____ cells (chondrocytes) that lie within lacunae in the gel-like fluid matrix

Back 74

Cartilage

Front 75

_____ (mature) helping in feeding nutrients to what is being built

Back 75

chondrocytes

Front 76

what are the three types of cartilage in connective tissue?

Back 76

1. Hyaline
2. Elastic
3. Fibrocartilage

Front 77

the most common _____ _____, is what abundant fine collagen fibers, is found at the ends of bones and supports respiratory passages

Back 77

hyaline cartilage

Front 78

where is hyaline cartilage found?

Back 78

Found at the ends of bones, ribs toy your sternum, rings on your trachea

Front 79

What cartilage is very resistant and has lots of water?

Back 79

hyaline

Front 80

what percent of cartilage in the body is hyaline?

Back 80

80%

Front 81

____ _____, with elastic fibers provides a framework for the external ears and parts of the larynx

Back 81

Elastic Cartilage

Front 82

______, with many collagenous fibers, is tough tissue that provides a shock-absorbing function in intervertebral disks and in the knees and pelvic girdle

Back 82

Fibrocartilage

Front 83

____ is the most rigid connective tissue, with deposits of mineral salts and collagen within the matrix

Back 83

Bone

Front 84

what does the bone support/function?

Back 84

the body, protects, forms muscle attachments, and is the site for blood cell formation

Front 85

where is the site for blood cell formation?

Back 85

bone

Front 86

what are bone cells called?

Back 86

osteocytes

Front 87

why is it easier to recover from a breaking a bone than a sprain?

Back 87

because bone has a good blood supply which results in faster recovery, unlike a sprain is collagen with a low supple of blood cells

Front 88

____ is composed of cells (red and white) suspended to a liquid matrix (non-living) called ____

Back 88

blood, plasma

Front 89

what are the general characteristics of muscle tissues?

Back 89

muscle cells, or fibers, con contract and consist of three major types

Front 90

what are the three major type of muscle tissue?

Back 90

1. Skeletal
2. Smooth
3. Cardiac

Front 91

_____ _____ ____ is a muscle tissue attached to bone

Back 91

skeletal muscle tissue

Front 92

is skeletal muscle voluntary or involuntary?

Back 92

voluntary

Front 93

what are the characteristics of skeletal muscle tissue

Back 93

the cells (muscle fibers) are long and cylindrical, striated (actin and myosin), have many nuclei and contract from nervous impulses

Front 94

what muscle tissue is responsible for the movement of bone?

Back 94

skeletal

Front 95

_____ _____ _____ is a muscle tissue that lacks striations, is unnucleated, and consists of spindle-shaped cells

Back 95

smooth muscle tissue

Front 96

where is smooth muscle tissue located?

Back 96

lines internal organs, urinary bladder, digestive tract

Front 97

is smooth muscle voluntary or involuntary?

Back 97

involuntary

Front 98

_____ _____ ____ is muscle tissue found only in the heart

Back 98

cardiac muscle tissue

Front 99

What does cardiac muscle tissue consists of?

Back 99

consists of branching fibers that are connected to each other with intercalated disks

Front 100

what muscle cells helps moves electrical impulses so muscles contract when they are suppose to?

Back 100

cardiac

Front 101

Muscle tissue make up what percentage of our body weight?

Back 101

50%

Front 102

is cardiac muscle tissue voluntary or involuntary?

Back 102

involuntary

Front 103

what is the difference between striated and smooth muscle cells?

Back 103

the arrangement! in striated is so heavily organized that its contraction are much faster and stronger than that of smooth muscle

Front 104

where are nervous tissue found?

Back 104

in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves

Front 105

what is another name for nerve cells?

Back 105

neurons

Front 106

what do neuron do?

Back 106

they conduct nervous impulses

Front 107

what are the helper cells of a neuron?

Back 107

neuroglia

Front 108

what is the function of neuroglia?

Back 108

to support and nourish the neurons

Front 109

Nervous Tissue make up what percentage of our body weight?

Back 109

2%

Front 110

Nervous tissue are responsible for conduction of chemical impulses through ______ and _____ membranes

Back 110

polarizing and depolarizing

Front 111

what is the major work force for nervous tissue? They are what you think about when you think about the brain

Back 111

neurons

Front 112

neurons have _____ to carry impulses to the cell body and _____ to carry impulses away from the cell body

Back 112

dentrites, axons

Front 113

true or false neurons transmit in several directions?

Back 113

false, they transmit in only ONE direction

Front 114

what are some other functions of neuroglia?

Back 114

provide nutrition and clean up the tissues by phagocytosis