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140 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Tissues |
Made up similar cells that function together Similar speciality |
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4 types of tissue |
Epithelial Connective Muscle Nerve |
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Importance of understanding radiology |
1) Wound healing & repair (gingivitis and perio) 2) Pathology that can occure |
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Turnover time |
Time it takes cells to be completely replace Help fight disease process in oral cavity |
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Epithelial tissue |
Covers and lines body surfaces |
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Epithelial tissues protect from what |
physical chemical microbial dehydration heatloss |
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Epithelial tissues involved in |
Absorbption Secretion Sensory & specialized function |
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Epithelial derived from |
Ectoderm - skin & oral region Endoderm - respiratory & digestive Mesoderm- urinary tract |
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Characteristics of Epithelial Tissue |
Polyhedral Cells with little or no interstitial fluid Rapid Turnover Differentiate as they move to surface Avascular Joined by intercellular junctions |
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Intercellular junctions |
Hemidesmosomes - non cellular surface desmosomes - cell to cell |
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Nutrition for epithelial comes from |
metabolites from adjoining connective tissue |
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Basement membrane |
Between Epithelium & Connective tissue |
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Simple Squamous Epitheliar |
flat squames - blood & lymph vessels heart lung kidney interfaces (Endothelium) |
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Simple cuboidal Epitheliar |
Ducts of gland like salivary |
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Simple Columnar epitheliar |
other parts of salivary glands & IEE |
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Pseudostratified Epithelium |
nuclei are at different levels Really simple epi. b/c ALL cells contact basement Nasal Cavity & Paranasal sinuses |
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Staratified epithelium |
2 or more layers only lower layer contacts basement Can be cuboidal, columanr, squamous, combinations Keratinized or non keratinized |
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Most stratified epithelium are what shape located where |
squamous skin oral mucosa |
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Rete Ridges |
Extensions of epithelium into connective tissue for communication |
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Keratin |
tough protien resistant to bacteria and friction Epidermis of skin |
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Repair and turnover of EPithelium |
Occurs deep and migrate superficaially TIme it takes cell to divide and move Time is quick b/c high level of mitosis |
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Buccal mucosa tunover |
14 day turnover |
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Skin turnover |
27 day |
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Process after injury with clot |
clot triggers inflammation from WBC. Epithelial tissue lose inter-cellular junction and migrate below clot. Clot guides new surface. Clot then broken down by enzymes. |
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Basement membrane |
Thin Acellular Chemical based structure Between epithelial and connective tissue |
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Basal Lamina |
Superficial layer produced by epithelium lamina lucid Lamina densa |
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Lamina Lucid |
Clear Close to epithelium |
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Lamina densa |
dense Located close to connective tissue |
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Reticular lamina |
Deeper portion of basement membrane Collagen & Reticular fibers secreted by connective tissue |
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Attachment of basement membrane |
Hemidesmosomes - plaque Tonofilaments - from epithelium Anchoring fibers - from connective |
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Connective Tissue |
Most abundant by weight
Derived from somites Fewer cells than epithelium' Spaced with lots of matrix Ability to produce own matrix and fibers Vasucular |
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Connective tissue involved in |
Support Attachment Packing Insulation Transport Repair Defense |
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Fibroblast |
Most common Synthesize protein and intercellular substance Flat & elongated Cytoplasmic process at each end Do not enter blood |
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Fibroblasts produce what |
fibers intercellular substance Large amounts of cytoplasm, mitochondria, & rough ER |
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Fibroblasts & Perio |
Can become inactive in late perio but revert during repair |
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Migrated WBC |
Monocyte - macrophage Basophils - mast cells Lymphocytes - plasma cells Nutrophils |
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Protein fibers in connective tissue |
Collegen Elastic Reticular |
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Collegen |
in all connective tissue except blood Type 1 found indermis tendon, bone, and teeth |
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Cells responsible for forming Type 1 |
osteoblast odontoblasts fibroblasts |
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Elastic Fibers |
Micro-filaments in the protein elastin Soft palate |
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Reticular fibers |
Least common In embryonic tissue Lymph Spleen |
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Connective tissue grouped according to |
texture soft firm rigid fluid |
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Soft connective tissue |
deep skin oral mucosa AKA Connective Tissue Proper |
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Firm conective |
Cartilage |
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Rigid connective |
Bone |
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Fluid connective |
Blood and lymph |
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Connective tissue proper |
Soft loose dense and specialized |
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Loose and dense connective tissue in 2 layers forms |
Connective tissue proper in deep and oral mucosa |
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Connective tissue proper of skin and deeper tissue |
Dermis Deep to epidermis hypodermis - made of loose and specialized |
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Connective tissue proper of Oral mucosa and deep connective tissue |
lamina propria deep connective tissue is submucosa |
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Loose connective tissue/ papillary layer |
superficial layers of skin and lamina propria equal parts of cells, intercellular space, fibers and fluid in loose irregular arrangement protection/ Padding |
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Papillary papillae |
extensions of connective tissue into epithelium for communication |
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Dense connective tissue/ reticular layer |
Deep to loose connective tissue In Deep Layers of lamina propria & dermis Tightly packed for strength Irregular arrangement |
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Arrangement of tendons ligaments and aponuroses |
regular arrangement |
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Connective tissue turnover and repair |
Slower than epithelial Produce fibers and intercellular substance by fibroblasts |
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Injury, clot and repair of connective tissue |
Clot Inflammation Fibroblast make immature conntective tissue Granulation tissue that appears red and bleeds easily Replaced by scar tissue |
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Skin at birht |
frgile & sensitive |
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Skin at puberty |
Active Sensitive to allergens |
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Skin at 20 ` |
deteriation |
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Skin at 50 |
Rapid deterioration Elastic stiffens Melanin decreases poor healing susceptible to inflammation, infection, and cancer |
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Specialized Connective tissue |
Adipose Elastic Reticular |
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Adipose |
tightly packed, no matrix beneath skin, around organs & joins oral cavity |
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Elastic tissue |
elastic fibers give strength and elasticity Vocal cords |
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Reticular tissue |
delicate network blood vessels and internal organs |
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CArtilage |
Firm Temporary skeleton of embryo In free moveable joint (TMJ) Flex from fibers in matrix model for bone development Avascular & no nerve long repair process |
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Pericardium |
tissue that surrounds cartilage |
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Cartilage tissue |
Calls and matrix Chondroblasts &Chondrocytes |
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Chaondrblast |
internal to pericardium produce matrix |
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Chondrocyte |
mature cohndroblast maintain matrix becomes enclose in matrix |
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Lacuna |
surrounds condrocyte in matrix |
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3 types of cartilage |
Hyline Elastic Fibrocartilage |
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Hyline |
most common only collegen embryonic skeleton & mandibular condyle |
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Elastic |
elastic fibers & collegen External ear Auditory tube Epiglottis Larynx |
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Fibrocartilage |
Never alone Merges with Hyaline TMJ Transitional In capsules No pericardium |
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Interstitial Growth |
Deep in the tissue Mitosis of chondrocytes Daughter cells single lacuna Lacuna secrets matrix and expands tissue Bone development that use cartilage as model |
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Appositional growth |
Layered on outside from chondroblasts in pericardium after injury or remodeling |
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Aging Cartilage |
less celular as chondrocytes die firm fibers or calcify loosing flex |
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Repair of cartilage |
slow avascular depends on connective tissue to transform may fill with dense connective tissuse (vascular) and become bone |
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Bone |
Rigid Connective protection, support, and attachment movement. blood cell production, calcium & mineral storage Vascular most differentiated |
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Periosteum |
outer bone double layer dense connective tissue has nerves and blood vessels |
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Compact bone |
dense layer deep to periosteum less soft tissue space |
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Cancellous bone |
Spongy tuburculae matrix, a lattice of piesces Rings of cone shaped spicules Osteocytes are between lamellae of trabeculae Lamella surrounded by space that contain vascular supply |
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Endosteum |
inner lining of bone deep to compact and cancellous bone thinner than periosteum but same compostion |
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Bone marrow |
innermost portion of bone gelatinous substance Stem cells produced to produce RBC Lymphocytes mature |
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Bone tissue |
matrix 50% inorganic/ minerilized calcified organic collagen fiber and intercellular substance of matrix |
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Minerals of bone |
HYDROXYAPATITE - inorganic for hardness magnesium Potassium calcium carbonate flouride |
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Osteoid |
initial matrix component produced by osteoblast |
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Bone remodleing and repair from layer of what |
Osteoblast layer always present in periosteum and external compact bone surfaces |
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Osteocyte |
mature osteoblasts in fully calcified bone lacuna only 1 osteocyte no mitosis |
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canuliculi |
canals of matrix with cytoplasmic process for communication of osteocytes |
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Lamella |
sheets of bone matrix embedded with osteocyte |
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Haversian System |
organized arrangement of lamellae with haversian canal noted in alveolar bone |
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Haversian canal/ osteonic canal |
soft tissue surrounded by osteons (5-20 lamella) contains bollod vessel, nerve and connective tissue lined by endosteum provide nourishment |
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Development of bone |
Ossification |
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2 methods of ossification |
Intramembranous Endrochondral |
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Intermembranous ossification |
Mesenchymal cells differentiate into osteoblast and form osteoid appositional osteoid materialize into bone maxilla, mandible, clavical |
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Endrochondral ossification |
osteoid in hyaline cartilage cartilage dies and osteoblast penatrate cartilage and form osteoid Interstitial growth then appositional long bones and head of mandibular condyle |
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Bone grows in stages |
No matter the type Immature Secondary |
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Immature bone |
initial bone lamellae not distinct Irregular collegen |
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Secondary Bone |
replaces initial bone distinct lamella regular collegen arrangement |
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Bone repair and remodel |
Dependent on adequate blood supply Immature then secondary bone Osteoblasts |
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Osteoclast |
reabsorbtion removal of bone |
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Localized reabsorption |
specific area of bone as a result of infection or pressure uncontrolled manner - perio controlled - orthodontics |
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Generalized reabsorption |
varying amounts in skeleton from endocrine activity Can occur with a bone disorder |
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Arrest lines |
in general reabsorption lines from resting osteoblasts |
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Reversal lines |
General reabsorption scalloped lines from bone repair |
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Blood |
Fluid connective transport nutrients, metabolites, and gases carried in endothelium lined blood vessels plasma and cells |
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Plasma |
fluid that carries plasma rotiens, blood cells, adn metabolites |
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Serum |
fluid from plasma NO clotting protiens |
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Blood cells come from |
Stem cells in bone marrow RBC WBC Platelets |
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RBC |
most common hemoglobin to transport 02 and CO2 no nucleus no mitosis 5-6 million / microliter |
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Platelets |
thrombocytes clotting 250,000- 400,000/ microliter` |
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WBC |
leukocyte from stem cells defense against inflmmatory and immune responses migrate 5,000- 10,000/ microliter colorless |
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5 types WBC |
neutrophil lymphocyte monocyte eosinophil basophil |
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Nutrophil |
most common 1st appear at injury site large numbers in suppuration 54-62% of WBC in total blood short life span |
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Lymphocyte |
25-33% WBC B cell T cell NK cell |
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B cells |
mature in bone marrow and lymphnodes (lymphocyte) divide during immune response to form plasma then immunoglobulins (Ig A, D, E, G, M) or blood protien |
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Immunoglobulins |
response to anitigen or immunogen trigger immune response |
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T cell |
mature in thymus (Lymphocyte) |
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NK cells |
mature in bone marrow 1st line of defense in tumor or viral infection |
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Monocyte |
most common in connective tissue 2-10% of WBC count macrophage |
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Macrophage |
arrive later at injury site fuse together in some disease states *in bone they are osteoclasts |
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Eosinophil |
granulocyte double nucleus 6% Allergy resonse |
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Basophil |
granulocyte double nucleus .5 -1 % Hypersensitivity |
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Mast Cells |
similar to basophils Hypersensitivity |
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Muscle tissue derived from |
Somites Shorten under neural control and cause movement of soft tissue and bone |
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Smooth & cardiac |
involuntary Autonomic nervous system |
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Skeletal |
Voluntary Somatic nervous system Striated Bundles, facicles of myofibers |
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Nerve |
Carry message for muscle contraction stimulate gland secretion Regulate other systems (CVS) Sensations Neuroectoderm |
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Neuron |
3 component body 2 cytoplasmic processes |
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Nerve bundle |
neural process outsie CNS within PNS |
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Synapse |
junction between 2 neurons |
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Afferent |
sensory To the brain |
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Efferent |
Away from the brain Muscles & glands |
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CNS |
Brain & Spine |
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PNS |
spine and cranial nerves |
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Somatic |
concious control |
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Autonomic |
with out control |
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Sympathetic |
fight-or-flight dry mouth |
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Parasympathetic |
rest-or-digest saliva to aid digestion |
