Tipc: Test 2: Review

Front 1

discuss primordial, primary, tertiary, secondary prevention, for COPD

Back 1

primordial: telling kids not to smoke so they dont have COPD

primary: tell a smoker to quit before they have any signs of COPD

secondary: screen for something that wouldn't be seen yet (xray or spirometry)

teritary: getting smoker to quit after you know they have COPD

Front 2

leading cause of death

Back 2

lifestyle

Front 3

leading cause of death (that leads to it)

Back 3

smoking

Front 4

leading cause of death

Back 4

heart disease

Front 5

what info do you give someone who is in the pre-contemplative state with resepct to smoking

Back 5

info on how their disease causes problems because you haven't even thought about quitting

Front 6

what info do you give someone who is in the contemplative state with respect to smoking

Back 6

this is how the drugs work to help you quit

Front 7

if you have a person with a slew of problems, do you attack all of them at once?

Back 7

no you let the patient pick one of their major problems (YOU DO NOT PICK)

Front 8

incidence, prevalence, etc,

Back 8

know the definitions

Front 9

what is absolute risk? example

Back 9

1 in 10000

Front 10

relative risk?

Back 10

risk exposed/ risk unexposed

Front 11

attributed risk

Back 11

added risk of death attributed to the risk ?

risk attributed to that risk factor above and beyond the normal risk would be

absolute risk

Front 12

U.S. Preventative Task Force Classification Codes

Back 12

A- strongly reccommends
B- recommends
C- no recommendation
D- recommends against (too many FN or FP)
I- insufficient evidence to recommend
remember, these classifications are based on research, so if you strongly reccommend it, that means the benefit way outweighs the risk and so on and so on

Front 13

barriers to screening

Back 13

dont have time

cost problems

reimbursement problems

Front 14

Which is more effective, community or physician initiatives for prevention?

Back 14

community

Front 15

what will increase the likelihood of getting a patient to quit smoking: telling them they have high blood pressure or actually telling them?

Back 15

TELL THEM!!

Front 16

what are Latent errors


what about systems errors?

Back 16

Latent errors:
design of work
conditions of work
training
design and maintenance of equipment

Systems errors: one mistake leads to one event that cannot be prevented

Front 17

3 ways to minimize errors

Back 17

standardization

redundancy

self-correcting: if something were to go wrong it corrects itself

Front 18

push a button to give a dose for a patient where that dose is not appropriate

the machine prompts you to say, this is not a normal dose

what is this an example of?

Back 18

an example of self-correcting for errors

Front 19

differentiate btw injury and disease

Back 19

Injuries are much more common than disease, you must distinguish the difference by exposure

One exposure or multiple in rapid succession= injury
prolonged exposure= disease

Front 20

what is the difference btw disability and impairment

Back 20

impairment: physician determined

disability: done by law

Front 21

pianist and lose a finger disabled or impaired?

Back 21

disabled

Front 22

hierarchy of controls

Back 22

best thing to is to make it automated, worst thing is ear protection because people dont really use them

This is how he said he is going to ask the question... here is a problem... how would you prevent it? Always pick the answer that involves humans the LEAST.

Substitution/elimination at the top--> engineering controls -->administrative controls --> PPE

Front 23

Coombs test for HS, which type do you see

Back 23

most things are type 1 or 4

Front 24

differentiate restriction vs obstructive disease

Back 24

obstructive FEV 1 decrease, absolute line should go to the normal

restrictive: line goes below normal for Total lung volume

1. Obstructive: FVC normal unless severe obstruction, FEV1 decreases, FEV1/FVC ratio decreased (used to diagnose)
2. Restrictive: FVC decreased, FEV1 normal or , FEV1 ratio is normal

Front 25

intrinsic asthma vs. somethin else

Back 25

he went fast, fill this in

Front 26

if spirometry is normal and you think they may have asthma what do you do next

Back 26

methelene choline test

Front 27

when trying to figure out if it is occupational asthma or not, what is important?

if work related what do you need to do

Back 27

looking at history

if work related: need to take them out of that environment

Front 28

irritant vs. allergic contact dermatitis

Back 28

irritant: react to a chemical

contact: only people allergic to it will have the type IV reaction (like poison ivy or nickel)

Front 29

pleural vs parenchymal

for asbestos

ON TEST

Back 29

pleural: chronic plaques

parenchymal: acute grainy fiberglass type appearance

Front 30

greatest source of disability in work?

Back 30

low back pain

Front 31

what is the greatest expense to the system for disability?

Back 31

TTD

Front 32

if a person is using latex with additives, what are the allergic reactions going to be?

Back 32

true latex allergy: type 1

due to additives: type 4

Front 33

if you have pleural plaques do you have asbestosis?

Back 33

NOOOOOO

Front 34

pleural changes with asbestos

Back 34

Chronic

Benign: plaques, thickening, effusions

Malignant: mesothelioma

Front 35

parenchymal changes with asbestos

Back 35

“Benign” (fibrosis) = asbestosis
Malignant (lung cancer)

Front 36

is there a relationship between cigarettes and parenchymal changes with asbestosis?

Back 36

parenchymal: YES synergistic

Front 37

merging areas in public health

Back 37

is the key to Lalie (how ever you spell) readings

Front 38

What are the 3 core functions of public health

Back 38

assessment (see there are fatties)

policy development (make let's move campaign)

assurance (people actually start doing it, arrange for people to be able to be active in your plan)

Front 39

define public health

Back 39

it is all encompassing

Front 40

public health: assessment

Back 40

develop policies for change

go back and make sure they are being done (assurance phase)

Front 41

essential services done by public health?

Back 41

Lifestyle interventions are becoming the most important focus of 21st century public health activities. Creating walkable communities, reducing exposure to endocrine disruptors, encouraging healthy eating habits, and combating media violence are examples of such efforts. These are examples of the “essential services” and “core functions” of public health

Front 42

roles of federal, state, and local governments

what do they do?

Back 42

local is the most important, they control things the most

Front 43

say the local government doesnt want to do something, but the state wants it done

how does the state get it done?

Back 43

dolla dolla bills

its all about that paper

$$$$

Front 44

who has the major control over your local health care department?

Back 44

LOCAL!

Front 45

sanitation specialist

Back 45

controls water and sewers

Front 46

medical directors

Back 46

"deal with people type problems"

Front 47

what is YOUR role in public health

Back 47

look it up

Front 48

social ecological framework

Back 48

Many factors combine together to affect the health of individuals and communities, these include:

the social and economic environment,
the physical environment, and
the person’s individual characteristics and behaviours

see slide 70

ENVIRONMENT
BEHAVIOR
INDIVIDUAL

They all effect each other

Front 49

If the absolute risk of getting cancer is 1:5 with exposure to smoke and only 1:10 without exposure to smoke, what is the relative risk?

Back 49

RR divide ratios
1:5 and 1:10

twice as likely to get cancer with exposure to smoke