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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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if you are given a PROSPECTIVE study, you should narrow your options down to what two choices?
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RCCT
Cohort (prospective obviously) |
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if you see "pts were randomly assigned to a group" you know that shit is....
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absolutely RCCT
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if you see "we reviewed the medical records" or in the previous three years what should you be thinking
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retrospective
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if you see prevalence, what can you narrow it down to?
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ecological and cross-sectional
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if you see 'matched controls' what should you be thinking
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case-control
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if you are calculating an Odds ratio for case control what is your equation
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A/C
----- C/D |
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if you are calculating an Odds ratio for cohort what is your equation
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A/B
____ C/D |
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errors associated with cohort?
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recall (for retrospective)
can only use common diseases |
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cohort is used to study what?
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rare risk
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error associated with RCCT
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external validity problem (hard to generalize to larger population)
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why are RCCT most rigorous
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minimze bias
Double-blinded |
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errors with cross-sectional
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late-look bias (this is the one to know)
recall |
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cross-sectional outcome?
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prevalence (one point in time)
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why are cross-sectional studies better than ecological?
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looking at individual level data vs population
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case-control studies what?
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rare diseases
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Rare risk vs Rare disease
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rare disease: case-control
rare risk: cohort |
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if you have 2 groups, and you have the 95% CI, what do the values have to be in order to be statistically significant?
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they 95 CI values CANNOT OVERLAP
if they overlap there is NO STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE |
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if RR is less than one with respect to women exercising and women getting breast cancer, what does this mean?
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That exercising decreases the chance of getting breast cancer
if the value were 1, there would be no relationship (they were equal) if it was greater than 1 that would mean exercise would actually make it worse |
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what type of data contains the least amount of info?
the most? |
least: nominal (things like color)
most: ratio (temp kalvin or BP) |
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describe the diff btw skewness and kurtosis
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skewness: horizontal
kurtosis: vertical (will look all bumpy and shiz) |
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does mean=mode=median if you have a kurtosis?
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noooopeerrss
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what are the 5 steps in EBM
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Ask
Acquire Appraise Apply Asses |
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disadvantages of meta-analysis?
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publication bias
fact that most of what is published tends to focus on positive findings (it can be hard to publish negative) |
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what type of research study is considered to be most scientifically rigorous?
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meta-analysis
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internal vs. external validity
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internal: study actually studies what it says it is
external: generalize the info you got to the population |
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statistical power is which box?
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D
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if you increase statistical power what does this do?
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higher likely hood that you can reject your H0 and find significance
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how do you increase statistical power?
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increase sample size
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