Time 1000(201-400)

Front 1

issue

Back 1

v. 发行 【同】release
On Nov.21, Free as a Bird will be issued as part of The Beatles Anthology Volume 1.
《自由翱翔》11月21日就要上市，收录在《甲壳虫精选第一集》中。

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justify

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v. 证明……为合理
According to a White House source, the Clinton Administration doesn’t feel the changes in Cuba have been substantial enough to justify a diplomatic rapprochement…
根据白宫一消息人士的说法，克林顿政府觉得古巴的改变还不够大，不足以让两国就此复交。
█ rapprochement n. 建交或复交A rapprochement is an increase in friendliness between two countries, groups, or people, especially after a period of unfriendliness. (FORMAL)

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launch

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v. 1. 发动，展开（攻击等）；2. 发售，推出（新产品） 【同】1. start
Democrats too have launched a guerrilla operation to snag women in this presidential election.
在此次总统选举中，民主党也发动了一场游击战攻势，企图拉拢女性选民。
█ snag v. （口语）抓取
A guerrilla is someone who fights as part of an unofficial army, usually against an official army or police force.

Front 4

levy

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课征If a government or organization levies a tax or other sum of money, it demands it from people or organizations.
Talabani claims Barzani is pocketing cash from customs fees the Kurds levy on the 10,000 bbl. of diesel fuel Iraq secretly ships through Kurd territory to Turkey every day.
塔拉巴尼宣称伊拉克每天把1万桶柴油经库尔德族领土偷运至土耳其，而库尔德族人就此柴油所征的关税被巴尔克尼中饱私囊。
If you say that someone pockets something such as a prize or sum of money, you mean that they win or obtain it, often without needing to make much effort or in a way that seems unfair. (JOURNALISM)

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lift

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v. 撤除，解除
It is an article of faith in Havana that if only Washington would lift the 33-year-old trade embargo, a vast infusion of American cash would rescue Cuba’s economy.
只要华盛顿当局撤销对古巴33年之久的贸易禁运措施，大笔美国资金将涌入解救古巴经济，在哈瓦那，这已是大家公认的事。
█ an article of faith 信条If something is an article of faith for a person or group, they believe in it totally.；embargo v. 禁运If one country or group of countries imposes an embargo against another, it forbids trade with that country.；infusion n. 注入If there is an infusion of one thing into another, the first thing is added to the other thing and makes it stronger or better. (FORMAL)

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maintain

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v. 坚称 【同】claim
If you say that someone maintains that something is true, you mean that they have stated their opinion strongly but not everyone agrees with them or believes them.
The key to success, Akimoto and other cable executive maintain, is to provide customers with local telephone service practically free of charge, a come-on that has worked well for cable companies in Britain.
Akimoto和其他有线电视主管坚称，向顾客提供实用性的市内电话免费服务是成功的关键，英国有线电视公司用这种方式招揽顾客就非常成功。
█ come-on n. 招揽顾客的方式

Front 7

merge

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v. 合并
Viacom, Paramount’s preferred suitor, announced an agreement to merge with videorental giant Blockbuster Entertainment.
Viacom公司是派拉蒙公司最中意的合并对象，却宣布已同意和录像带出租业巨人Blockbuster娱乐公司合并。
█ suitor n. 求婚者A suitor is a company or organization that wants to buy another company.

Front 8

muster

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v. 召集 【同】summon gather
If you muster something such as support, strength, or energy, you gather as much of it as you can in order to do something.
But all he could muster on the House floor were 30 votes, mostly from congressional nobodies like himself.
但他在议会所能争取到的支持者只有30人，且大部分是和他一样的小角色。
If someone says that a person is a nobody, they are saying in an unkind way that the person is not at all important

Front 9

navigate

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v. 航行于，行进于
Once their link to the Net is established, viewers will, in theory, be able to navigate Websites with their trusty remotes as easily as they now surf TV channel.
一旦与全球资讯网连线，理论上，这些观众用他们信赖的遥控器就能漫游各处网站，就好像看电视换台一样容易。

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negotiate

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v. 谈判；通过谈判达成，谈成
Veterans can negotiate their own contracts as free agents, while young players must accept what their team pays them as long as it meets the minimum salary.
老球员可以以自由经纪人的身份和球员谈成合约，年轻球员对于球队给的薪水，只要符合最低水平，就只有接受的份。
You use veteran to refer to someone who has been involved in a particular activity for a long time.

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observe

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v. 遵守，举行 【同】honor
After obtaining the three signatures required — from his own doctor, a cancer specialist and a psychiatrist – and observing the nine-day cooling-off period, Dent was free to choose the time of his own passing.
得到了3个必要的人——他的医生，一位癌症专家及一位精神医师——的签字后，再经过规定的9天冷静期，邓肯就可以自由选择他自己的死亡时间。
█ cooling-off period 做重大决定前用来冷却激情的一段时间A cooling-off period is an agreed period of time during which two sides with opposing views try to resolve a dispute before taking any serious action.

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outrage

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v. 使……愤慨If you are outraged by something, it makes you extremely shocked and angry.
Outraged cyberpurists responded by deluging Siegel and Canter with angry E-mail messages, following them with a steady stream of abuse as they fled from one electronic home to another.
主张保持网络纯洁的人勃然大怒，用愤怒的电子邮件回敬西格尔和坎特，让他们的信箱垃圾成灾。他们两人不断更换网址，可是辱骂的信件一直如影随形，摆脱不掉。
█ abuse n. 辱骂，谩骂
If you flee from something or someone, or flee a person or thing, you escape from them. (WRITTEN)
If a place or person is deluged with things, a large number of them arrive or happen at the same time.

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overhaul

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v. 翻修If a piece of equipment is overhauled, it is cleaned, checked thoroughly, and repaired if necessary.
Gore has also shouldered thankless but meaty tasks that give him something to attend to besides foreign funerals: reinventing government, overhauling telecommunications law, smoothing relations with Moscow.
戈尔也接下一些没有掌声却很吃重的工作，让他在出国参加丧礼之外有事可做，如改造政府，修改通讯法规，改善对俄关系。
█ shoulder v. 负起(责任），担任（工作）If you shoulder the responsibility or the blame for something, you accept it.；
thankless adj. 吃力不讨好的，有功无赏的If you describe a job or task as thankless, you mean that it is hard work and brings very few rewards.；
meaty adj. 角色吃重的，内容丰富的；s
moothe v. 使平滑，是顺利

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oversee

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v. 监督 If someone in authority oversees a job or an activity, they make sure that it is done properly.【同】supervise
“My emphasis now, ”says Anwar Ibrahim, the Deputy Prime Minister and Finance Minister who is overseeing the financing for all the projects… ”is on the financial services and foreign media.”
负责监管所有计划的资金调度的副总理兼财务部长瓦尔•易卜拉辛说：“我现在的重点放在金融服务业及外国传媒上。”

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overwhelm

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v. 压倒 If you are overwhelmed by a feeling or event, it affects you very strongly, and you do not know how to deal with it.【同】overpower
And then came the death of Princess Di, the response to which was at once overwhelming and bewildering.
然后发生了戴安娜王妃的身亡事件。公众对这个死讯的反应如同排山倒海，却也令人不解。
A bewildering thing or situation is very confusing and difficult to understand or to make a decision about.

Front 16

perceive

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v. （把……）视为If you perceive someone or something as doing or being a particular thing, it is your opinion that they do this thing or that they are that thing.
A major problem, say nutrition experts, is that most people perceive their diets as temporary restrictions imposed from outside.
营养学家说，主要问题是，大部分人都把节食者看作是外力所施加的暂时性束缚。

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plague

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v. 使……困扰，使……烦恼If you are plagued by unpleasant things, they continually cause you a lot of trouble or suffering.
Growing inventories have plague retailers too since they stocked up in anticipation of a strong Christmas season.
存货增加也让零售商头痛不已，因为他们原本期待圣诞节前后会是个销售旺季，因而进了不少货。
█ inventory n. 存货清单
If you stock up on something, you buy a lot of it, in case you cannot get it later.

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ponder

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v. 思索 If you ponder something, you think about it carefully.【同】contemplate reflect upon
During a break in filming Broken Arrow, …Woo casts his eye over the hundreds of technicians and ponders the contrasts in movie-making between Asia and America.
在拍《断箭》休息时，吴宇森看着上百名工作人员，思考着在亚洲与美国拍片的不同。

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pose

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v. 造成，引起If something poses a problem or a danger, it is the cause of that problem or danger.
The new legislation poses huge problems for some states, such as California…
这项新法给那些州造成很大的问题，例如加利福尼亚。

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preserve

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v. 保存 If you preserve something, you take action to save it or protect it from damage or decay.【同】conserve maintain 【反】destroy
Today, a handful of dedicated naturalists are giving time, money and even the occasional home mortgage to help preserve a different kind of horse --- the seahorse.
今天有一群一心奉献的自然主义者献上他们的时间与金钱，甚至于有时还得抵押房子去贷款，为的就是要保存另一种马——海马。
A handful of people or things is a small number of them.

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prevail

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v. 胜过，占优势If a proposal, principle, or opinion prevails, it gains influence or is accepted, often after a struggle or argument. 【同】triumph be victorious
Microsoft could still prevail, in court and in the market, but it will not escape unscathed.
在法庭与市场上，微软都可能占上风，但无论如何都不可能毫发无损，全身而退。
unscathed adj. （肉体上、名誉上）未受伤的If you are unscathed after a dangerous experience, you have not been injured or harmed by it.

Front 22

promote

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v. 1. 促进，鼓励If people promote something, they help or encourage it to happen, increase, or spread.；2. 促销，推销商品 【同】1. encourage 【反】1. discourage
In Bangkok he will promote the seven-member Association of South East Asian Nations, which Washington considers increasingly influential.
在曼谷，他将会促进由7个会员国所组成的东盟的发展，华盛顿方面认为东盟的影响力与日俱增。

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pursue

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If you pursue an activity, interest, or plan, you carry it out or follow it. (FORMAL)
v. （继续）进行
Eventually, he dropped out of school to pursue his education in the online world --- the poor man’s university.
最后他中途退学，到网络世界这个穷人大学继续他的学业。
v. 推行，实行（计划、调查、研究） If you pursue a particular aim or result, you make efforts to achieve it, often over a long period of time. (FORMAL)【同】carry out
Another problem is that government officials often pursue self-serving agendas.
另一个问题在于政府官员通常推行对自己有利的计划。
█ self-serving 自私的，利己的If you describe someone as self-serving, you are critical of them because they are only interested in what they can get for themselves.
v. 追求，追寻（目标等） 【同】strive for
Given our history, these are extremely hard tasks, and we are forced to pursue both goals at the same time.
从我们的历史来看，这些是非常艰巨的任务，而且我们被迫同时追求两项目标。

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reassure

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v. 使……安心，再向……保证If you reassure someone, you say or do things to make them stop worrying about something.
He could see how anxious I was and he spent some of his last hour or two reassuring me, reminding me that this was an act of love and that I should see it as such.
他看出我是多么的不安，在他生命即将结束之际还花了一两个小时一再要我放心，提醒我这是爱的举动，并且劝我也应该如此看待。

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reduce

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v. 简化，减少，降低 【反】increase
IBM made a map of the world at one ten-trillionth scale from tiny blobs of gold, while Stanford scientists reduced the first page of A Tale of Two Cities 25000-fold.
IBM用黄金微粒做出一副十兆分之一比例的世界地图，而斯坦福大学的科学家则把《双城记》的第一页缩小为原来的2.5万分之一。
A blob of thick or sticky liquid is a small, often round, amount of it. (INFORMAL)

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reflect

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v. 思索着说道When you reflect, you think deeply about something.
“I’ve always believed in simplicity, ” Klein reflects. ”I’ve never been one to see women in reffles and all kinds of fanciful apparel. To me it’s just silly.”
克莱因思索着说道：“我一向敬仰简单的风格，从来不喜欢女人衣服上有一大堆褶子和花哨的装饰，那种衣服让我觉得可笑。”
█ ruffle n. 褶边；
fanciful adj. （设计等）新奇的，别出心裁的If you describe the appearance of something as fanciful, you mean that it is unusual and elaborate rather than plain and simple.；
apparel n. （华丽的）衣服Apparel means clothes, especially formal clothes worn on an important occasion. (mainly AM, FORMAL)

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refrain

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v. 抑制，避免If you refrain from doing something, you deliberately do not do it.
Presenters and recipients at the next Academy Awards would be advised to refrain from rambling thank-you and unentertaining political proclamations.
下一届奥斯卡颁奖典礼上，颁奖者和得奖者都将受到规劝：应避免拉拉杂杂的感谢词和乏味的政治宣言。
█ rambling adj. 谈话、文章漫无边际的，拉拉杂杂的；If you describe a speech or piece of writing as rambling, you are criticizing it for being too long and very confused.
unentertaining adj. 无趣的

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register

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v. 登记、注册
Here’s how the system works: starting this week, you’ll visit the CyberCash Web site, download an empty electronic wallet onto your hard drive and register it with the company.
这套系统的运作方式如下：从本周开始，你可以进入网络现金公司的网站，把一个空的电子皮夹下载到你的硬盘上，同时向该公司注册。

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reinforce

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v. 强化，加强 【同】strengthen
If, on the other hand, the feelings they begin to express are not recognized and reinforced by the adults around them, they not only cease to express those feelings but they also become less able to recognize them in themselves or others.
另一方面，小孩开始表达感情时，若没有受到周围成人的肯定和鼓励，他们不但会停止继续表达，而且对自己或他人感情的感受力也会降低。
If you cease to do something, you stop doing it. (FORMAL)

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release

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v. （录影带、唱片等）发行，（影片）放映
It’s been another hot year for customer electronics, one that saw Toshiba release and impressive desktop PC, Sony take a first crack at a personal computer and a swarm of companies come out with hand-held devices…
对于消费性电子产品来说，今年又是热销的一年。东芝推出一款令人印象深刻的台式电脑，索尼公司首度尝试打入个人电脑市场，同时不少公司推出了手提型的设备。
█ crack n. （口语）尝试；If you have or take a crack at something, you make an attempt to do or achieve something. (INFORMAL)
a swarm of 大群A swarm of bees or other insects is a large group of them flying together.

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render

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v. 提供（援助、服务） If you render someone help or service, you help them. (FORMAL)【同】give
Teaming up with Jim Clark, then chairman of Silcon Graphics and now at Netscape, Lincoln devised a plan to stuff the graphics-rendering power of a $90000 SGI Reality Engine park … into a box that will be $250 in the U.S.
林肯与当时的硅图公司总裁，也就是今天网景公司的总裁克拉克合作，计划将硅图价值9万美金的“现实引擎”中的图形生成技术，塞到在美国售价250美元的盒装游戏机里去。
█ to team up with 与……合作；If you team up with someone, you join them in order to work together for a particular purpose. You can also say that two people or groups team up.
devise v. 设计，想出；If you devise a plan, system, or machine, you have the idea for it and design it.
stuff v.将……塞进If you stuff something somewhere, you push it there quickly and roughly.

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replace

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v. 取代
The White House is searching for a new World Bank president to replace Lewis Preston, who is stepping down because of illness.
白宫正在寻觅人选，接替因病离职的普雷斯顿出任世界银行总裁。
If someone steps down or steps aside, they resign from an important job or position, often in order to let someone else take their place.

Front 33

resemble

Back 33

v. 像
Ask Bill Gates about something he wants to talk about … and he acts like the teenage boy that he still resembles. He grins. His voice breaks.
当你问比尔•盖茨某些他感兴趣的话题时，外表还有些像年轻人的他，表现得就像个小伙子似的，咧嘴而笑，连声音都变了。
█ grin v. 露齿而笑

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resent

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v. 愤恨If you resent someone or something, you feel bitter and angry about them.
While many of Clinton’s closest advisers resent Morris’ growing influence, he has his admirers in the White House …
莫里斯愈来愈红，令克林顿身边的心腹顾问大表愤慨，但在白宫，莫里斯还是有一些景仰者。
If you are an admirer of someone, you like and respect them or their work very much.

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reside

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v. 居住 If someone resides somewhere, they live there or are staying there. (FORMAL)【同】live
With Java, data and programs … don’t have to be stored on you computer anymore. They can reside anywhere on the Internet, called up by whoever needs them, whenever they need them.
有了Java之后，数据与程序就不需要再储存在电脑里，可以放在国际互联网上的任何地方，任何人需要，随时可以调用。
If you call someone up, you telephone them. (mainly AM)

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resort

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v. 诉诸，动用If you resort to a course of action that you do not really approve of, you adopt it because you cannot see any other way of achieving what you want.
There is no right to resort to violence when you don’t get your way.
即使你不能随心所欲时，也无权动用武力。

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restore

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v. 恢复
Mexican President Ernesto Zedillo’s plan to restore stability to his country’s wounded economy was rejected by investors for its lack of specific remedies, causing the peso to fall to a record low against the dollar by week’s end.
墨西哥总统赛迪略拟定计划，企图使该国残破的经济恢复稳定，但因此计划欠缺明确的改善措施，导致比索在本周末贬值到有史以来最低点，投资商对此计划也就敬谢不敏。

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resume

Back 38

v. 在中断之后重新开始 【同】recommence
A network of satellite-linked computer systems will guide the car safely to exit, at which point the driver will resume control to the final destination.
一套与卫星连接的电脑系统网络会将车安全引导到出口，此时，再由驾驶者重新操纵车辆前往目的地。

Front 39

revive

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v. 复兴When something such as the economy, a business, a trend, or a feeling is revived or when it revives, it becomes active, popular, or successful again.
To revive the ancient tradition, 129 members of the U.N. General Assembly co-sponsored a resolution calling for a worldwide cease-fire during the 17 days of the Altanta Olympics.
为了恢复古代的传统，联合国大会有129个会员国共同推出决议案，呼吁在亚特兰大奥运会进行的17天期间，在全世界范围内停止战火。

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rush

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v. 匆促行事 【同】hurry
No wonder nation-states are rushing to get their levers of control into cyberspace while less than 1% of the world’s population is online.
因为全球上网的人口还不到1%，怪不得各国都迫不及待想取得进入网络世界的控制权。
A lever is an idea or action that you can use to make people do what you want them to do, rather than what they want to do.

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sabotage

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v. （以间接的手段）破坏If someone sabotages a plan or a meeting, they deliberately prevent it from being successful.
Meanwhile, the U.S. and Israel regard Iran as a rogue state that seeks to export terror, build nuclear weapons and sabotage the Middle East peace process.
在这同时，美国与以色列视伊朗为流氓国家，认为它致力于输出恐怖活动，建立核力量，破坏中东和平进程。
█ rogue n. 恶棍，流氓A rogue is a man who behaves in a dishonest or criminal way.

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scatter

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v. 散播，散布
Epstein … notes that in recent years variants of the class of viruses that includes measles have killed seals in the North sea, lions in the Serengeti and horses in Australia --- three very different animals widely scattered around the globe.
爱泼斯坦指出，最近几年，几种与麻疹同类型的滤过性病毒之变体已经害死了北海的海豹、塞伦加提的狮子及澳大利亚的马——分散于世界不同地区、截然不同的3种动物。

Front 43

shed

Back 43

v. 使泻出，散发
Today the yellow arches of McDonald’s shed their plastic gleam on Red Square, and gangsterism rules instead of socialist virtue.
如今红场上流泻着麦当劳黄色的拱形标志所散发出的虚幻光芒，统领一切的不再是社会主义美德，而是逞凶斗狠的帮派行径。

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shrink

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v. 减少，变小(pt shrank, pp shrunk) 【反】grow
Samsung Electronic, for example, which has seen its stock price shrink by half since the beginning of the year, has cut back 16-megabitchip production nearly 15%.
举例来说，韩国的三星电子公司眼见其股票价格自年初开始下跌到原来的一半，已经将其16GB芯片的生产量减少近15%。
If you cut back something such as expenditure or cut back on it, you reduce it.

Front 45

slash

Back 45

v. 大幅削减（经费）To slash something such as costs or jobs means to reduce them by a large amount. (JOURNALISM) 【同】cut
Time and again, as La Mama’s grants from government have been slashed, her theater has been on the verge of closing.
随着政府给拉玛玛的经费被削减，他的剧场多次濒临倒闭。
█ grant n. （机构给予的）补助金
If you are on the verge of something, you are going to do it very soon or it is likely to happen or begin very soon.

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soar

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v. 升高，（价格）暴涨 【同】rocket
Relations with Japan could soar. Economic friction has eased. The trade deficit has dropped 30% in the past year.
与日本的关系可能大幅加强，经济摩擦已经缓和下来，贸易赤字在去年一年就减少了30%。

Front 47

spark

Back 47

v. 刺激，鼓舞If one thing sparks another, the first thing cause the second thing to start happening. 【同】promote trigger
Chirac’s task now is to heal the wounds of a bruising campaign, restore public confidence and spark a job-creating burst of economic growth.
希拉克眼下的重任，就是抚平激烈的竞选活动造成的创伤，重建人民的信心，以及带动一阵足以创造就业机会的经济增长。
█ bruising adj. 激烈的In a bruising battle or encounter, people fight or compete with each other in a very aggressive or determined way. (JOURNALISM)；
a burst of 一阵 A burst of something is a sudden short period of it.

Front 48

split

Back 48

v. 分裂
Relations between the countries hit a high after World War II when they coalesced to lead the world communist movement. But they split in the 1960s over ideological difference.
第二次世界大战结束后，两国联手领导世界的共产主义运动，当时两国的关系达到最高点，但在60年代因意识形态相左而分道扬镳。
█ hit v. 达到；high adj. 高水准；coalesce v. 联合If two or more things coalesce, they come together and form a larger group or system. (FORMAL)

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stage

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v. 推出，举办 If you stage an event or ceremony, you organize it and usually take part in it.【同】hold
But then he felt compelled to stage an imprompt press conference, at which he “revealed” that Russia’s military possesses something called an “Elipton, ”a weapon of mass destruction more powerful than a nuclear weapon.
但他后来觉得应该开一场临时记者招待会，会上他透露俄国军方拥有一种叫做“埃利普顿”的大规模毁灭武器，其威力比核武器还强。
█ to feel compelled to… 觉得应该……，觉得……是应有所为If you feel compelled to do something, you feel that you must do it, because it is the right thing to do.

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stall

Back 50

v. 使停止，阻挡If you stall someone, you prevent them from doing something until a later time.
About 40000 refugees were stalled Saturday just outside Tanzania after the country closed its borders.
坦桑尼亚关闭过境后，星期六约有4万名难民被挡在该国国境外边。

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steer

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v. 引导，带领 If you steer someone in a particular direction, you guide them there.【同】guide
Firmly, I steer them away from cheap, ugly, weakling, mail-order clones and toward absurdly powerful machines that cost a fortune and make the room lights dim when they power up.
我毅然决然将他们带离那些价钱便宜、外形丑陋、功能不全、可以邮购的仿制品，转向那些功能强大得离谱，价格高昂，而且开机时连房间的灯光都会暗下来的机种。
█ weakling adj. 瘦弱的If you describe a person or an animal as a weakling, you mean that they are physically weak.； clone n. 复制品，克隆

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stem

Back 52

v. 源自(from)；遏制
And newborn blacks are expected to live an average of seven years less than whites. That could stem from environmental factors, including access to medical care, since the gap was only six years as recently as 1985.
黑人新生婴儿的平均寿命预计比白人新生婴儿短了7年，这可能源自环境因素（包括医疗福利方面），在1985年，这项寿命差距才只有6年。

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stimulate

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v. 刺激，激励
During her campaign, she predicted that the tax cuts would help stimulate job growth of 450000 over four years.
她在竞选时预言，减税措施将有助于在未来4年促成45万个工作机会的增加。

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strain

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v. 拉紧，过度使用
Then there is the eye-straining challenge of reading screenfuls of text from 2.4 m to 3.6 m away --- the distance most people sit from their TV sets.
再则从2.4米到3.6米远的地方阅读充满屏幕的文字，是个极耗费眼力的挑战——这是一般人坐看电视的距离。

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stun

Back 55

v. 使……震惊If you are stunned by something, you are extremely shocked or surprised by it and are therefore unable to speak or do anything. 【同】 amaze shock
The main charge by Onaruto and Hashimoto was that sumo is frequently rigged. And they stunned readers by naming names and admitting that they themselves had helped fix bouts.
大鸣户和桥本主要指控相扑比赛经常作弊，令读者吃惊的是他们不但指名道姓，而且坦率承认曾参与作弊。
█ fix v. 用不正当手段操纵（选举、比赛、陪审团等），买通（法官等）；bout n. 比赛
If someone rigs an election, a job appointment, or a game, they dishonestly arrange it to get the result they want or to give someone an unfair advantage.
A bout is a boxing or wrestling match.

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submit

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v. 提出
Last week House Speaker Newt Gingrich sent Clinton a letter urging him to submit within a month a plan outlining the cuts he could make to balance the budget in seven years.
上星期众议院议长金里奇寄了一封信给克林顿，促请他于一个月内提出计划，开列出他为了在7年内平衡预算需削减的各项经费。
█ outline v. 概述

Front 57

sue

Back 57

v. 控告
Seeking to change the system, female spies sue the CIA for discrimination.
为了改变中央情报局体制，女情报人员控告该局有性别歧视。

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suppress

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v. 压制，阻止……的生长、发展 【同】restrain restrict
I am not sure they will be successful in suppressing the flow of information.
他们是否能成功阻止资讯流动，我有点怀疑。

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surrender

Back 59

v. 交出；放弃；投降
The World Wide Web, the interconnected computer universe that teems with affluent consumers whose only means of spending money online is to surrender their credit card to insecure networks…
万维网，这个由电脑所串联起来的世界里，到处都是有钱的消费者。他们在网络上唯一的消费方式，就是将信用卡交给不保险的网络系统。
█ to teem with 充满；富于to be very full of people or animals, all moving about

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sustain

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v. 维持，养活 【同】keep going
Assisted by the assets stashed away under the pension plan, the nation’s once anemic savings rate is up to a healthy 29%. That in turn has been a factor in helping sustain Chile’s enviable 8% annual growth rate.
由于存放于退休金计划里的资金的注入，智利一度处于贫血状态的储蓄率，如今升至29%的良好状态，而这是智利能维持令人艳羡的8%年增长率的一大助力。
█ anemic adj. 贫血的Anaemia is a medical condition in which there are too few red cells in your blood, causing you to feel tired and look pale.；
to stash away 储藏，存放keep or lay aside for future use; "store grain for the winter"; "The bear stores fat for the period of hibernation when he doesn't eat"
Someone who has a pension receives a regular sum of money from the state or from a former employer because they have retired or because they are widowed or disabled.
You describe something such as a quality as enviable when someone else has it and you wish that you had it too.

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tap

Back 61

v. 轻按（电脑键）
A motorist lost in the San Fernando Valley can tap into GPS and get an instant position on the digitized map.
若在圣福尔南多峡谷驾车迷路，只要按键进入全球定位系统，就可立即在数字化地图上找出自己的位置。

Front 62

testify

Back 62

v. 作证
I may sound clinical and unemotional when I testify about these operations, but it does not reflect my true feelings…
当我为这些行动作证时，人们可能觉得我客观又冷静，但那并非我内心真正的感受。
█ clinical adj. 冷静的，客观的You use clinical to describe thought or behaviour which is very logical and does not involve any emotion.

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threaten

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v. 扬言，放话
Under the proposed reforms, … anyone’s neighbor could threaten to convert his land into a toxic-waste dump and claim compensation from the government if he was not allowed to do it.
按照已提出的改革方案，任何人的邻居都可能放话要将自己的土地变为有毒废物的弃置场，政府若不准他这么做，就向政府索赔。
█ claim v. 要求，索讨

Front 64

tolerate

Back 64

v. 容忍 【同】put up with
American capitalism likes entrepreneurs to have a gleam in their eye, and even tolerates some clawing and scratching as long as the playing field is level and the fight is fair.
美国资本主义喜欢企业家野心勃勃，甚至容忍彼此激烈竞争，只要一切竞争合乎公平原则。
█ a gleam in one’s eye 尚未形成的想法If you say that something is only a gleam in someone's eye at present, you mean that it is only being planned or considered, and has not yet been properly begun.；
claw v. （用爪）抓；
scratch v. 抓

Front 65

track

Back 65

v. 追踪
Still other sensors (in smart cars) will track and record the wear on parts and systems, alerting the driver to potential trouble, and will even flash warning when pressure in the tires is too low.
另外，（智慧汽车上的）其他传感器会追踪并记录零件与系统地磨损情形，借此提醒驾驶人防备潜在的危机，胎压过低时，这些传感器甚至会闪灯警示。

Front 66

transcend

Back 66

v. 超越Something that transcends normal limits or boundaries goes beyond them, because it is more significant than them.
But because she is an African-American woman, her importance to and impact on her times transcend the literary.
但因为她是非裔美国人，又是女性，她在当时的重要性及影响力，超越了文学的范围。

Front 67

transfer

Back 67

v. 转移，转账，转变
The software acts like an ATM, allowing you to transfer $20 to $100 from your bank into your (electronic) wallet before heading off onto the Web.
这套软件的功能类似自动提款机，让你在上网采购之前先从自己的银行账户转帐20至100美元到电子皮夹里。
If you head something off, especially something unpleasant, you take action before it is expected to happen in order to prevent it from happening.

Front 68

transform

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v. 改变
They would more radically transform the system by ending the income tax entirely and by shifting to taxes on consumption.
他们改革体制的作法更为激进，一方面整个废除所得税，一方面将税收来源转到消费上。

Front 69

undergo

Back 69

v. 接受（检查、手术等），经历(underwent, undergone) If you undergo something necessary or unpleasant, it happens to you.【同】 go through
Foreigners who intend to spend more than three months in Russia must now undergo mandatory testing to prove they are not infected with HIV…
外国人凡欲在俄国境内居留超过3个月，都必须接受强制性检测，以确定是否染上艾滋病毒。
█ mandatory adj. 强制的If an action or procedure is mandatory, people have to do it, because it is a rule or a law. (FORMAL)

Front 70

undermine

Back 70

v. 损坏，破坏
The prosecution opened its murder case against O.J. Simpson by presenting witnesses and evidence intended to undermine his public image as a genial ex-jock with a portrait of a jealous wife abuser.
检方一开始就提出人证、物证，起诉辛普森杀人；并且有意通过这些人证、物证，破坏之前这位前运动员亲切和善的公众形象，代之以满怀妒意、虐待老婆的形象。
█ genial adj. 亲切的、友善的Someone who is genial is kind and friendly.；
jock n. 运动员A jock is a young man who is enthusiastic about a particular sport and spends a lot of time playing it. (INFORMAL)

Front 71

undertake

Back 71

v. 采用，执行 When you undertake a task or job, you start doing it and accept responsibility for it.【同】 take on
His army, he declared, had been ordered to undertake measures to prevent any further strangulation of the city.
他宣称他的军队系“奉命采取各种措施，以防止此城市的形势更为恶化”。
█ strangulation n. （成长、发展）受阻，窒息Strangulation is the act of killing someone by squeezing their throat tightly so that they cannot breathe.

Front 72

worship

Back 72

v. 崇拜，崇敬 【同】adore venerate
For most of this century, scientists have worshipped the hardware of the brain and the software of the mind; the messy powers of the heart were left to the poets.
大半个世纪以来，科学家崇拜的是大脑这项硬件加上思想这项软件，而情感这种捉摸不定的东西，一向留给诗人去歌颂。
█ messy adj. 杂乱的

Front 73

access

Back 73

n. （使用、看某物）机会或权利
Theoretically at least, whole populations will have direct access to information without waiting for it to be filtered through a government, or a press.
至少在理论上，全体人民都可以直接取用资讯，不必等候政府或媒体的过滤。

Front 74

agenda

Back 74

n. 议程，行动计划
He has a modest domestic agenda centered on improving education and strengthening families, and he believes most of those programs can run without much direct input from him.
他有一套保守的内政方案，主要是以改善教育和强化家庭为重点，而且他相信，这些政策大部分都不需要他太多的直接参与就可以运作。
You use modest to describe something such as an amount, rate, or improvement which is fairly small.

Front 75

ally

Back 75

n. 盟邦 【同】confederate 【反】enemy
Just as Clinton’s first official overseas trip, in 1993, was to Asia, … his first post-election trip will take him back to the region for visits with three other major allies --- Australia, the Philippines and Thailand.
正如克林顿上任后的首趟外交之旅是于1993年到亚洲，他连任后的第一次出访也将再回到这个地区，访问另外3个主要盟国——澳大利亚、菲律宾和泰国。

Front 76

amateur

Back 76

n. 业余爱好者 An amateur is someone who does something as a hobby and not as a job.【反】professional
In February their lovers’ quarrel in Central Park was captured on an amateur’s videotape, which tabloid TV shows replayed over and over again.
2月时，这对情侣在中央公园争吵的场面被一位业余摄影师收入镜头之中，爱炒绯闻的小电视台就整日重播这一段。
█ tabloid adj. 专报耸动、煽情新闻的A tabloid is a newspaper that has small pages, short articles, and lots of photographs. Tabloids are often considered to be less serious than other newspapers. Compare broadsheet.

Front 77

anarchy

Back 77

n. 无政府状态If you describe a situation as anarchy, you mean that nobody seems to be paying any attention to rules or laws. 【同】chaos
Tirana is in total anarchy.
地拉那完全陷入无政府状态。

Front 78

anguish

Back 78

n. （心理上的）苦楚，烦恼 【同】agony
Not since 1932, when Franklin D. Roosevelt promised a New Deal to ease the economic and social anguish of the Great Depression, has a U.S. presidential race been so focused on domestic affairs.
自从1932年罗斯福承诺以新政来减轻经济大萧条带来的经济与社会痛苦之后，历来的美国总统竞选没有一次像这次一样，如此关注国内事务。

Front 79

approach

Back 79

n. 方法、途径
The approach favored by IDEC Pharmaceuticals … is to target all active T cells with a custom-made antibody that can temporarily knock the immune cells out of commission.
IDEC制药公司所偏爱的方法，是利用一种特制的抗体对付所有活跃的T细胞，这种抗体能够让这些免疫细胞暂时失去功能。
█ custom-made adj. 订制的，非现成的；out of commission 损坏，无法运作If something, for example a ship or a piece of equipment, is out of commission, it is broken and cannot be used until it is repaired.

Front 80

assault

Back 80

n. 攻击 【同】attack
Such assaults are most likely to injure the large service providers, sober institutions more culturally attuned to their governmental attackers than the info-guerrillas of cyberspace.
这些攻击手段最可能打击到的是那些大型的服务供应者，因为它们是比较配合政府指示的正派机构，游走网络世界的反叛者反而比较不受影响。
█ sober adj. A sober person is serious and thoughtful.严肃的，持重的；to be attuned to 适应于……，配合If you are attuned to something, you can understand and appreciate it.
A guerrilla is someone who fights as part of an unofficial army, usually against an official army or police force.

Front 81

bailout

Back 81

n. 融资，紧急救助bail•out / beɪlaʊt/ noun an act of giving money to a company, a foreign country, etc. that has very serious financial problems
In Washington the Clinton Administration’s proposed $ 40 billion bailout of the weakened peso met with stiff opposition from Democrats.
华盛顿的克林顿政府提议以400亿美元紧急救助大幅贬值的比索，遭到民主党强硬反对。
Something that is stiff is firm or does not bend easily.
The opposition is the political parties or groups that are opposed to a government.

Front 82

boom

Back 82

n&v. 繁荣，暴涨 【反】slump
The wealth comes from initial public offerings of stock, or IPOs, which are experiencing an unprecedented boom in the great American bull market of the past two years.
他们的财富来自于股票上市，过去两年，美国股市暴涨，创出前所未有的佳绩。

Front 83

boost

Back 83

n. 暴增
Companies such as K Mart have performed brilliantly, slicing overhead and enjoying the resultant earnings boost, but have failed to grow once the cutting stopped.
像卡马特百货集团这样的公司，原本表现奇佳，大砍固定支出，享受随之而来的利润暴涨，但一旦停止裁减，增长也随之停滞。
█ slice（将面包、肉等）切成薄片；overhead经常开支，一般费用 connected with the general costs of running a business or an organization, for example paying for rent or electricity

Front 84

boycott

Back 84

n. 杯葛，抵制If a country, group, or person boycotts a country, organization, or activity, they refuse to be involved with it in any way because they disapprove of it.
Harry Edwards, the American sociologist who attempted to organize a black boycott of the 1968 Games in Mexico City in a bid to call attention to the plight of black athletes in America…
为了唤起世人关注美国黑人运动员所处的困境，美国社会学家哈里•爱德华兹试图发动黑人运动员抵制1968年墨西哥运动会。
█ bid n. 努力，试图A bid for something or a bid to do something is an attempt to obtain it or do it. (JOURNALISM)
If you refer to someone's plight, you mean that they are in a difficult or distressing situation that is full of problems.

Front 85

campaign

Back 85

n. （社会、政治上的）运动，竞选活动 v. 参加竞选
Only once did Bill Clinton raise a significant example of foreign policy. That came in the campaign’s final fortnight, when he proposed that NATO begin admitting Central and East European nations to the Atlantic alliance by 1999.
在外交政策上，克林顿只提出了一个较重大的事例。那是在竞选进入最后两周时所提出的，当时他提议说，北大西洋公约组织应该在1999年之前，接受中欧和东欧国家加入这个大西洋联盟。
An alliance is a group of countries or political parties that are formally united and working together because they have similar aims.

Front 86

chaos

Back 86

n. 混乱
In the first few years there may be panic and chaos, but the people will learn to fit into the new system very fast.
头几年他们也许会慌张与混乱，但很快就能适应新体制。

Front 87

character

Back 87

n. 角色，人物
The world’s No.1 toymaker, whose products range from Fisher-Price infant and preschool toys to Disney-licensed characters, gets more than one-third of its nearly $4 billion in sales from the 29.2-cm-tall mannequin.
这家世界最大的玩具制造商，产品从费雪牌的婴儿服、学龄前儿童玩具到迪斯尼授权的卡通人物玩具一应俱全；光是（芭比）这个高29.2厘米的娃娃就占了公司近40亿美元营业额的1/3。
█mannequin n. (艺术家使用的)人体模型mannequin is a life-sized model of a person which is used to display clothes, especially in shop windows. (OLD-FASHIONED)

Front 88

clash

Back 88

n. 冲突，抵触
Perhaps the greatest threat in the clash between science and politics is that researchers might allow potential controversy to deter them from investigating sensitive subjects.
科学与政治的冲突所引发的最大危险，可能就在于研究人员会因潜在的争议而不再探索一些敏感的题材。
To deter someone from doing something means to make them not want to do it or continue doing it.

Front 89

clout

Back 89

n. 权利，影响力，威信 A person or institution that has clout has influence and power. (INFORMAL)【同】weight
His leadership abilities and attempt to bring some clout to the traditionally rubber-stamp Congress will be put to the test when it meets in March.
他的领导才能和试图增加这个向来知识橡皮图章的国会的影响力的努力，将在3月国会开会时面临考验。
When someone in authority rubber-stamps a decision, plan, or law, they agree to it without thinking about it much.

Front 90

coalition

Back 90

n. A coalition is a group consisting of people from different political or social groups who are co-operating to achieve a particular aim.联合，联合政府 【同】alliance
The Rev. Kang Shin Seok, a Presbyterian minister who witnessed the mayhem, now heads a coalition of victimized people’s groups.
目击了这场暴力事件的长老会牧师Kang Shin Seok，现在是几个受难者团体组成的联盟的领导人。
You use mayhem to refer to a situation that is not controlled or ordered, when people are behaving in a disorganized, confused, and often violent way.

Front 91

combat

Back 91

n. 战斗
Even now, despite Beijing’s displeasure, Washington is selling Taiwan combat aircraft and other equipment.
即使是现在，尽管北京反对，华盛顿仍然出售战斗机及其他装备给台湾。

Front 92

commonplace

Back 92

n. If something is commonplace, it happens often or is often found, and is therefore not surprising.寻常的事，老生常谈 adj. 寻常的，不稀奇的
It’s become commonplace to note that voters treated Bill Clinton in 1992 the way Wall Street treats a stock.
现在经常可以听到这番话：选民在1992年对克林顿的态度就像今日华尔街对股票的态度一样。

Front 93

compass

Back 93

n. 指南针
A new Secretary of State will hold the compass. Warren Christopher will vacate his State Department office by January.
国务卿克里斯托弗于1月离开国务院之后，将会有新国务卿来接掌。
█vacate v. 辞退（职位），让出（位子）If you vacate a place or a job, you leave it or give it up, making it available for other people. (FORMAL)

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compassion

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n. 同情，悲悯
At home, with the gap between rich and poor widening, the seemingly ingrained American notions of compassion, codified during the New Deal, are colliding with the fears of those who feel financially strapped …
在国内，随着贫富差距日益悬殊，似乎已深植美国人心中，且于“新政”期间化为具体条文的同情心，正与那些经济拮据的美国人心中的恐惧相冲突。
█ingrained adj.（习惯、想法）根深蒂固的Ingrained habits and beliefs are difficult to change or remove.；
condify v. 把……编成法典If you codify a set of rules, you define them or present them in a clear and ordered way.；
collide v.（意见、目的）相冲突，抵触，同clash

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conflict

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n. 冲突
Even though Chechnya could not hope to win its secessionist war against Moscow, Dudayev warned that continued fighting might well draw neighboring republics into a wider regional conflict.
尽管车臣共和国不敢奢望在脱离俄国的战争上打赢莫斯科，但杜达耶夫警告说，若战争持续下去，有可能把临近的共和国也卷入，变成更大范围的区域冲突。
Secessionists are people who want their region or group to become separate from the country or larger group to which it belongs.

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consequence

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n. 后果
At home labor costs per unit of output are going down, a consequence of rising productivity, and falling oil prices are putting another damper on inflation.
由于劳动生产效率提高，国内每单位产量消耗的劳动成本逐渐下降，而油价下跌也抑制了通货膨胀。
█to put a damper on 抑制，使扫兴To put a damper on something means to have an effect on it which stops it being as enjoyable or as successful as it should be. (INFORMAL)

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conspiracy

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n. 阴谋
Hale became the target of a flood of hate Email, much of it accusing him of being part of a conspiracy to suppress the true nature of Hale-Bopp.
海尔成为众矢之的，充满恨意的电子邮件向他蜂拥而来，大部分都指控他是隐瞒海尔波普彗星真相这项阴谋的一员。
█suppress v. 隐瞒（姓名、证据、事实等）

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credibility

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n. 可信度
Whatever the reasons, the fact remains that the organization (U.N.) desperately needs a rapid-reaction capacity if it is to maintain credibility in emergencies.
不管有什么理由，至今仍毋庸置疑的事实是，联合国若欲维持其在处理紧急事故上的可信度，就迫切需要快速应变能力。

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debut

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n.（法文）首演，初次上场表演The debut of a performer or sports player is their first public performance, appearance, or recording.
That day Jordan made his debut against the Indiana Pacers, and though he shot only 7 of 28, he moved well considering he had been playing baseball for a year.
那天乔丹在对印第安那步行者队的比赛中首度上场，尽管投28球进7球，但考虑到他先前打了一年的棒球，这样的成绩已经很出色。

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demonstration

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n. 抗议，示威
Just two weeks ago, 85000 people, nearly 8% of Okinawa’s population, joined the largest single demonstration in the island’s history to call for the Americans’ removal.
仅在两周前，几乎占冲绳人口8%的8.5万人参加了岛上有史以来最大一次示威，要求美国人撤走。
If you call for something, you demand that it should happen.

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disability

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n. 伤残，无行为能力的 【同】handicap
Most aid, including nearly all low-income programs, food stamps, Medicaid and disability assistance, will be denied during an immigrant’s first five years in the U.S.
移民美国后的前5年，大部分的救助金都不能领取，包括几近全部的低收入户援助、食品券、医疗补助与伤残援助。

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dispute

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n. 争议A dispute is an argument or disagreement between people or groups.
It has been a matter of dispute but now scholars of the subject agree that Bessette and Kennedy first met in 1992, when he chatted her up one day in Central Park as she was running.
这个问题曾经众说纷纭，但现在“专家”们都同意碧瑟与小肯尼迪初识应在1992年，该年的某一天他在中央公园内向正在跑步的她搭讪。
If you chat someone up, usually someone you do not know very well, you talk to them in a friendly way because you are sexually attracted to them. (BRIT, INFORMAL)

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emergency

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n. 紧急事件 【同】crisis
President Kim Young Sam was worried. The Korean economy, he gravely told a July 2 emergency ministerial meeting, “is in trouble.”
韩国总统金泳三忧心忡忡。7月2日的内阁紧急会议上，他沉重地说道：韩国的经济“正处于困境”。
A grave person is quiet and serious in their appearance or behaviour.

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encounter

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n. 邂逅，遭遇
In fact, the most unnerving encounter I’ve ever had took place in the CompuServe adultchat area.
事实上，最让我心寒的遭遇发生在“电脑服务”网络上的成人聊天区。
█unnerve v. 使沮丧，使胆怯If you describe something as unnerving, you mean that it makes you feel worried or uncomfortable.

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epidemic

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n.（传染病等的）流行，盛行If an activity that you disapprove of is increasing or spreading rapidly, you can refer to this as an epidemic of that activity.
The AIDS epidemic has been in full swing for more than a decade now.
艾滋病已大肆流行了10年以上。
█in full swing 表示事物正如火如荼进行

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equivalent

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n. 同等的东西
For the past 15 years, doctors have tried to treat the underlying disorder with the pharmaceutical equivalent of a sledgehammer, using anticancer drugs and steroids to beat down the body’s hyperactive defense forces.
15年来，医师一直用抗癌药和类固醇治疗这种潜在性疾病，这些药就像长柄大锤一样，用来打垮患者体内异常活跃的防御系统。

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establishment

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n. 权势集团，领导阶层，主流An establishment is a shop, business, or organization occupying a particular building or place. (FORMAL)
He was the favorite of the girls whose screams dominated the early Beatles concerts, but he was not a guy’s guy. No way could he satisfy the emerging establishment of rock critics, a male coterie.
在早期甲壳虫的演唱会里，他是最多小女生尖叫的对象，但男性观众并不这么欣赏他，他不可能获得正兴起的摇滚乐评人主流的青睐，因为这个领域是男人的天下。
█coterie n. A coterie of a particular kind is a small group of people who are close friends or have a common interest, and who do not want other people to join them. (FORMAL)排外的小圈子、集团，同circle

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euphoria

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n. 幸福感 Euphoria is a feeling of intense happiness and excitement.【同】elation
So after a period of euphoria, the bond market tumbled.
因此，经过一段繁荣期后，债券市场狂泻下来。
█tumble v.（价格）暴跌If prices or levels of something are tumbling, they are decreasing rapidly. (JOURNALISM)

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expedition

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n. An expedition is an organized journey that is made for a particular purpose such as exploration.远征队，探险
So Mark Norell, a leader of the joint U.S. Mongolian expedition, gave him a consolation prize: digging out an unpromising specimen Norell had already found.
所以，美国与蒙古联合探险队的一位领队马克•诺瑞尔，给了他一个安慰奖：让他去挖一个诺瑞尔已经找到但是看来没什么价值的标本。
█unpromising adj.（前景）不看好的，无望的If you describe something as unpromising, you think that it is unlikely to be successful or produce anything good in the future.
A consolation prize is a small prize which is given to a person who fails to win a competition.

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fantasy

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n. 幻想 【同】dream
What we could take away from the grievous events is a grasp not of the Unabomber’s psychology but of our own which is full fantasies.
从这些悲惨事件中我们可以汲取的，并不是要了解邮包炸弹制造者的心理，而是了解自己的心理，里面充满不实际的幻想。
█grievous adj.（事故）悲惨的，严重的If you describe something such as a loss as grievous, you mean that it is extremely serious or worrying in its effects.
A grasp is a very firm hold or grip.
Unabomber n. Ted Kaczynski (born 1942 under the name Theodore John Kaczynski), anti-technology man who sent several mail bombs to universities and airlines in the United States (starting in the late 1970s to early 1990s) before being caught by the FBI in April 1996 (he was sentenced to life in prison in May 1998)

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feud

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n. 宿仇 A feud is a quarrel in which two people or groups remain angry with each other for a long time, although they are not always fighting or arguing.【同】vendetta
Still, in both communities there is a growing sense that the blood feud--- and its cycle of violence--- must be broken if anyone is to prosper.
但双方也越来越清楚，如果要繁荣，就必须突破彼此之间的血海深仇和暴力循环。
If people or businesses prosper, they are successful and do well. (FORMAL)

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flair

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n. 天赋的才能 If you have a flair for a particular thing, you have a natural ability to do it well.【同】talent gift
Phil Donahue invented the participatory approach to TV talk, but Winfrey brought a woman-to-woman empathy and a flair for self-revelation that he couldn’t match.
唐纳修发明了有观众参与的电视脱口秀节目，但（另一主持人）温弗里把女人间感同身受的同情心带进节目，加上她善于自我表白，这是唐纳修比不上的。
A participatory system, activity, or role involves a particular person or group of people taking part in it.

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foe

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n. 敌人，反对者 Someone's foe is their enemy. (WRITTEN) 【同】enemy
Both speeches struck the same rhetorical chord: that Dole is no ditherer but decisive, muscular leader who will stand up to foreign foes.
这两个演说采用同一种修辞语调：多尔不是不知所措的人，而是果决、强硬的领袖，敢于对抗外敌。
█rhetorical adj. 措辞的；A rhetorical question is one which is asked in order to make a statement rather than to get an answer.
ditherer n. 慌乱、不知所措的人to keep being unable to make a final decision about something
dither over/about/between// He accused the government of dithering over the deal. Stop dithering , girl, and get on with it!

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genre

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n. A genre is a particular type of literature, painting, music, film, or other art form which people consider as a class because it has special characteristics. (FORMAL)（尤指艺术作品的）形式
Lanier embodies a whole new genre of music that uses computers to create and disseminate its own distinctive sounds.
拉尼尔运用电脑创造并发出独特的声音，表现出一种全新的音乐形式。
To disseminate information or knowledge means to distribute it so that it reaches many people or organizations. (FORMAL)

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glance

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n&v. 瞥见
At first glance, Jeanne Vertefeuille might have seemed an unlikely choice to hunt down the most damaging mole in the history of the Central Intelligence Agency.
乍看之下，揪出这个中央情报局有史以来危害最大的双重间谍的工作，似乎不可能轮到韦特弗耶来做。
If you say that something is true or seems to be true at first glance, you mean that it seems to be true when you first see it or think about it, but that your first impression may be wrong.
If you hunt down a criminal or an enemy, you find them after searching for them.
█mole n. 长期潜伏的（双重）间谍

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glimpse

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n&v. 瞥一眼，瞄一眼A glimpse of something is a brief experience of it or an idea about it that helps you understand or appreciate it better.
Mosaic (Web-browsing program) was the first glimpse of a multimedia future that giants such as Microsoft had been predicting but not delivering.
“马赛克”（网络游览器）让人首度窥探到多媒体的未来世界，此前像微软这样的大公司已预料到这个未来世界，但未能实现。
█deliver v. 实现，履行（诺言等）

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grandeur

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n. 伟大，富丽堂皇If something such as a building or a piece of scenery has grandeur, it is impressive because of its size, its beauty, or its power.
We want to bring jazz to the people inn all its grandeur and glory. And we don’t believe the music is above people.
我们要把爵士乐的伟大与光荣带给大家，我们不相信它是曲高和寡。
Glory is the fame and admiration that you gain by doing something impressive.

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grasp

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n. 掌握，了解 A grasp of something is an understanding of it.【同】understanding
Even after working for more than 20 years in the Russian area, I cannot hope to approach Yuri’s knowledge and intuitive grasp of what is going on in his homeland.
我在俄国工作已有20余年，但尤里对其祖国俄国现状的认识与直觉式的理解，却是我不敢指望的。

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greed

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n. 贪婪 【同】avarice
Hollywood must examine itself. Its greed is sickening. It must judge the social impact, not just the popularity impact, of what it does.
好莱坞必须自我审视，它的贪婪越来越令人厌恶。好莱坞必须就其所作所为对社会所造成的冲击，而非是否受欢迎，作出判断。

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impulse

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n. 冲动An impulse buy or impulse purchase is something that you decide to buy when you see it, although you had not planned to buy it.
Online shopping centers are springing up everywhere, inviting customers to use their credit cards to buy on impulse, without even leaving their chairs.
网络购物中心正四处崛起，诱使顾客连起身离座都不必，就在一时冲动下杀信用卡购物。
█to spring up突然出现，突然产生If something springs up, it suddenly appears or begins to exist.

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incentive

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n. 诱因，动机If something is an incentive to do something, it encourages you to do it.
The incentive to vote for a responsible budget that’s healthful in the long run but painful in the short run depends on whether you face election next year or in three years.
要促使某个议员投票赞成一项长期有益但短期有害的重大预算，得看他面临的是第二年还是三年后的改选。

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inclination

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n. 倾向An inclination is a feeling that makes you want to act in a particular way.
But girls rarely seem to have either the chance or the inclination to get plugged in.
但女生似乎很少有玩电脑的机会或是愿望。
█to plug in 插上插头，喻开启电脑

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infrastructure

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n. 水、电等基础设施The infrastructure of a country, society, or organization consists of the basic facilities such as transport, communications, power supplies, and buildings, which enable it to function.
The bill for this infrastructure binge has topped $60 billion, and some economists wonder whether Malaysia can afford it.
这场基础设施的抢建热潮所需经费高达600亿美元，一些经济学家怀疑马来西亚政府是否承担得起。
█binge n.（饮食，花费等方面的）放纵，没有节制If you go on a binge, you do too much of something, such as drinking alcohol, eating, or spending money. (INFORMAL)

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initiative

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n. 主动权，进取心In a fight or contest, if you have the initiative, you are in a better position than your opponents to decide what to do next.
The North (Vietnam) kept the initiative, choosing when to attack and when to lie low and rebuilding its strength.
北越保有主动权，可以选择何时出击，何时潜藏，以恢复实力。

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insight

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n. 洞察，了解If you gain insight or an insight into a complex situation or problem, you gain an accurate and deep understanding of it.
If this discovery is confirmed. it will surely be one of the most stunning insights into our universe that science has ever uncovered.
假如证明属实，这还无疑问将是科学史上对于了解宇宙最令人叹为观止的一项发现。

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integrity

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n. 廉洁，正直
Both prosecutors eventually paid for their integrity and grit. In May 1992 Falcone and his wife… were ambushed and morally wounded by the Mafia’s “men of honor” on a road near Palermo.
最后，两名检察官为其廉洁与勇气付出了代价。1992年5月，法尔科内及其妻子在快到巴勒莫的路上遭到了黑手党“替天行道者”的伏击而受重伤。
█grit n.（口语）If someone has grit, they have the determination and courage to continue doing something even though it is very difficult.勇气，斗志；ambush v. 伏击

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legend

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n. 传奇人物
They are far too cool in Nashville to get excited about mere music legends.
美国田纳西州首府纳什维尔这批人很冷静，光是几个音乐界的传奇人物是无法激起他们的热情的。

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mandate

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n. 委托，授权If a government or other elected body has a mandate to carry out a particular policy or task, they have the authority to carry it out as a result of winning an election or vote.
Prime Minister Ryutaro Hashimoto…also has a new electoral mandate as head of an internationalist coalition no longer dominated by ambivalent socialists.
首相桥本龙太郎也再度赢得选民的付托，出掌具有国际派色彩，且不再由立场矛盾的社会主义者所把持的联合内阁。
█coalition n. 联合政府A coalition is a government consisting of people from two or more political parties.
If you say that someone is ambivalent about something, they seem to be uncertain whether they really want it, or whether they really approve of it.

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measure

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n.手段，措施 【同】step
There’s no single measure that’s fully adequate but a combination of measures taken together can make them relatively secure.
单靠一种措施是不够的，但是多种方法结合起来，可以使它们相对安全很多。

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menace

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n. If you say that someone or something is a menace to other people or things, you mean that person or thing is likely to cause serious harm威胁 【同】threat
Still worried about the pesticides’ impact on the environment, government scientists think they may have a better answer to the fire-ant menace.
官方科学家仍担心杀虫剂会破坏环境，认为或许还有更好的方法来对付这种火蚁的威胁。

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merchandise

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n. 商品 【同】goods
That’s one reason why each restaurant is designed with a merchandise shop to tempt customers to buy such must-have souvenirs as jogging suits, $20 T shirts or baby baseball togs.
为什么每一家餐厅都设计了一间商品店，以引诱消费者买一些必不可少的纪念品，如慢跑服、20美元一件的T恤或是小孩的棒球衣，这是原因之一。
A souvenir is something which you buy or keep to remind you of a holiday, place, or event.

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mess

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n. 杂乱
Army Captain Stuart Herrubgtin… remembers that the scene inside the embassy also was a “monstrous mess.”
陆军上尉赫林顿想起那是大使馆内也是“一片混乱，惨不忍睹”。
█monstrous adj.（用以加强语气）极度的，强烈的If you describe a situation or event as monstrous, you mean that it is extremely shocking or unfair.

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monopoly

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n. 专卖机构，独占事业；垄断
Although they welcomed the news that Mexico will sell off many of the state’s power plants, they had also hoped Zedillo would privatize parts of the country’s lucrative oil monopoly.
墨西哥将廉价出售许多国营电厂，他们对此大表欢迎，但他们也盼望总统萨迪略能将该国赚钱的垄断性石油公司予以部分民营化。
If you sell something off, you sell it because you need the money.
A lucrative activity, job, or business deal is very profitable.

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nomination

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n. 提名
The most worrisome “oppose” for Gore is that Gephardt will oppose the Vice President for their party’s presidential nomination in 2000.
最让戈尔担心的“反对”就是杰哈特将与戈尔打对合，争取公元2000年民主党总统候选人的提名。
Something that is worrisome causes people to worry. (mainly AM; in BRIT usually use worrying)

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odds

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n. You refer to how likely something is to happen as the odds that it will happen.可能性，几率 【同】chances
Odds are better than ever that high tech will get their jobs.
比起以往任何时期，高科技都更可能抢走他们的饭碗。

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opponent

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n. 反对者，对手 【反】supporter
Among the most extreme opponents, there were even paranoiac suggestions that once gone, the art might be hijacked and never returned.
某些反对最激烈的人甚至神经质地暗示，这些宝物一旦出境可能会被劫夺，再也会不来了。
█paranoiac adj. 偏执狂的；If you say that someone is paranoid, you mean that they are extremely suspicious and afraid of other people.
hijack v. 劫持（飞机），劫夺（运输中的货物）

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ordeal

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n. If you describe an experience or situation as an ordeal, you think it is difficult and unpleasant.苦难，磨练
Laura B did not tell anyone about the assault because, she claims, she repressed all memory of the ordeal.
劳拉小姐没有把所遭受的攻击告诉别人，因为她声称她已把这桩惨痛的经历完全压抑在脑海深处。
█repress v. 压抑（感情、欲望等）

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passion

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n. 激情，热情 【同】feeling
Paleontology is much like politics: passions run high, and it’s easy to draw very different conclusions from the same set of facts.
古生物学和政治很相像：情绪很激昂，而且从同一组事实中可以得出截然不同的结论。

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peril

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n. 危险Perils are great dangers. (FORMAL)
Climate change threatens more than megastorms, floods and droughts. The real peril may be disease.
气候改变带来的威胁还不止是巨大风暴、洪水和干旱，真正的危险可能是疾病。

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persecution

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n. Persecution is cruel and unfair treatment of a person or group, especially because of their religious or political beliefs, or their race.迫害
They must disappear by the change in sovereignty or face persecution.
他们必须在主权转移之前消失，否则就得面对迫害。
Sovereignty is the power that a country has to govern itself or another country or state.

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phase

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n. 阶段 【同】period
More significant is Clinton’s plan to take an enhanced role in transatlantic affairs in the next four years, a transitional moment in European history when the postwar structures are being tidied up and the next historic phase has yet to begin.
更重要的是，克林顿计划今后4年在大西洋两岸的事务中扮演更积极的角色，因为者4年正是欧洲历史上的一个过渡时期：正值欧洲战后结构的重整，而下个历史阶段尚未来临。
█to tidy up 整顿，弄整齐When you tidy up or tidy a place up, you put things back in their proper places so that everything is neat.
Transatlantic flights or signals go across the Atlantic Ocean, usually between the United States and Britain.
A transitional period is one in which things are changing from one state to another.

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pledge

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n. When someone makes a pledge, they make a serious promise that they will do something.承诺，保证 【同】promise
Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin deemed the comment a violation of the (PLO) Chairman’s pledge to forgo violence and threatened to stop the peace process.
以色列总理拉宾认为，这段话违反了巴解主席放弃暴力的承诺，因而扬言要中止和平进程。
If something is deemed to have a particular quality or to do a particular thing, it is considered to have that quality or do that thing. (FORMAL)
If you forego something, you decide to do without it, although you would like it. (FORMAL)

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potential

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n. 可能性 adj. 潜在的，可能的 【同】n. possibility
Netscape’s Navigator had the potential to be the next Windows: a method for launching programs and calling up information not only from the Internet but also from corporate networks and even from the user’s own PC.
网景的“领航员”有潜力成为下一个“视窗”：通过它，可以启动程序，可以自国际互联网、公司网络，甚至个人电脑中调出资讯。

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priority

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n. 首要之务，优先
China is a big second-term priority for Clinton because it cuts across security and economic issues…
对克林顿而言，中国是他第二任内的一个重点国家，因为它涉及安全和经济事务。
If an issue or problem cuts across the division between two or more groups of people, it affects or matters to people in all the groups.

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privilege

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n. 特权
But Djilas’s criticism of the power and privilege granted to party leaders eventually led to years of imprisonment…
吉拉斯批评该党领导人所拥有的权利和特权，最终却导致数年牢狱生活。
█grant v. 给予，授予

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proliferation

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n. a sudden increase in the amount or number of something扩散，繁殖 【同】spread
We have seen that the enemy is instability. It is chaos. But it is also what we call the global threats, which are terrorism, international drug trafficking, environmental problems, arms-proliferation issues.
我们已经明白不稳定才是敌人、混乱才是敌人，但还包括我们所说的全球威胁，例如恐怖主义、国际毒品走私、环境问题、武器扩散问题。

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propaganda

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n. Propaganda is information, often inaccurate information, which a political organization publishes or broadcasts in order to influence people.（偏颇、不正确的官方）宣传
Today, a handful of business groups, each with political alliances, control Russia’s media, and news has once again become propaganda.
现在少数几家拥有政界盟友的企业集团控制了俄国的媒体，新闻再次成为宣传机器。

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proponent

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n. If you are a proponent of a particular idea or course of action, you actively support it. (FORMAL) 提议者，支持者 【同】advocate 【反】critic
Proponents imagine a morning someday in the next century when a smart car will pull out of the garage, drive down local roads in the conventional manner and head for the “smart way.”
倡议者想象在下个世纪的某天早上，将智慧车从车库里开出来，以传统的方式行驶过地方道路，朝着“智慧道路”驶去。
When a vehicle or driver pulls out, the vehicle moves out into the road or nearer the centre of the road.

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prospect

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n. If there is some prospect of something happening, there is a possibility that it will happen.成功的几率，前景
But an eager start-up looks at risk differently, and so might consumers intrigued by the prospect of shopping in cyberspace.
但是迫不及待的新兴公司对风险有不同的看法，而被网际空间购物的前景所吸引的消费者可能也是如此看待。
█start-up n. 刚成立的小公司A start-up company is a small business that has recently been started by someone.
If you are intrigued by something, especially something strange, it interests you and you want to know more about it.

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prosperity

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n. Prosperity is a condition in which a person or community is doing well financially. 繁荣 【同】affluence
The peace and prosperity of the world in the next century depend in many ways on what Beijing does.
下一世纪的世界和平与繁荣，在许多方面都取决于北京的行为。

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recession

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n. A recession is a period when the economy of a country is doing badly, for example because industry is producing less and more people are becoming unemployed.萧条，后退 【同】slump
A more outrageous example is the Ministry of Finance, which in the wake of five years of recession is widely considered too powerful for Japan’s own good.
更离谱的例子是大藏省，在连续5年经济不景气之后，人民普遍认为大藏省权力过大，对日本经济利益有害。
█outrageous adj. If you describe something as outrageous, you are emphasizing that it is unacceptable or very shocking.令人无法接受的，骇人听闻的；
in the wake of 随着……之后If one thing follows in the wake of another, it happens after the other thing is over, often as a result of it.

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reign

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n&v. 统治，主宰 【同】rule
The (anti-apartheid) movement publicly condemned her in 1989 for inflicting a “reign of terror” on Soweto with her gang of bodyguards.
这个（反种族隔离）运动团体，于1989公开谴责她与她那帮贴身警卫在索韦托施行“恐慌统治”。
To inflict harm or damage on someone or something means to make them suffer it.
A reign of terror is a period during which there is a lot of violence and killing, especially by people who are in a position of power.

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remains

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n. 遗迹，遗体
Tucked deep within the rock are what appear to be the chemical and fossil remains of microscopic organisms that lived on Mars 3.6 billion years ago.
深嵌在石块中间的，看起来像是36亿年前曾生存在火星上的微生物的化学残留和化石遗迹。
█tuck v. 将……挤进，塞进If you tuck something somewhere, you put it there so that it is safe, comfortable, or neat.

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reputation

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n. 名声
That approach will likely prove particularly profitable in Asia and Europe, where IBM has built a 50-year reputation as a system integrator.
这着棋在亚、欧两洲可能会带来特别的利润，IBM在这些地区已经以系统集成商的身份享誉50年。

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reservation

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n. 保留地
The disease, which first appeared on a Navajo reservation, has since spread to 20 U.S. states and killed 45 people, nearly half of those infected.
这种疾病首先出现在某纳瓦霍印第安人保留地，后来扩散到美国20个州，导致45人丧生，死亡人数几乎占到感染人数的一半。

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retail

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n. 零售
Some estimates place the overall movie tie-in business at $ 10 billion annually in retail sales worldwide.
有人估算全球零售的电影相关商品的收入每年约100亿美元。
█tie-in n. 搭配销售的商品A movie tie-in book is a book, frequently a paperback but occasionally a trade paperback or a hardcover, that has a direct relationship to a specific film. Usually, the cover of the book will bear photography of the film's stars, and slogans indicating that it is directly related to a specific film.

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revolt

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n. A revolt is an illegal and often violent attempt by a group of people to change their country's political system.叛乱，暴动 【同】insurrection rebellion
Although much of the imperial collection amassed by China’s rulers has been lost, it is miraculous that so many landmark words have survived a thousand years of violent dynastic changes, revolts and theft.
中国历代帝王的收藏中，有很多已经遗失，但仍有很多划时代的重要作品，历经1000年来改朝换代的战争、叛乱以及偷盗，还能保存至今，真是奇迹。
█amass v. 积聚If you amass something such as money or information, you gradually get a lot of it.；
landmark n. 里程碑，划时代的重要事件

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rival

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n. Your rival is a person, business, or organization who you are competing or fighting against in the same area or for the same things.竞争对手 v. 与……匹敌
Nonetheless, Malaysia is in some ways more insular than its Asian rivals.
尽管如此，马来西亚在某些方面要比其他亚洲竞争对手更具有岛民特性。
█insular adj. 岛国性的，心胸狭隘的If you say that someone is insular, you are being critical of them because they are unwilling to meet new people or to consider new ideas.

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sanction

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n. 制裁，处罚
The bill would hold expression on the Net to the same standards of purity, using far harsher criminal sanction--- including jail terms--- to enforce them.
这个法案将对网络言论设定同样的净化标准，并采用更严厉的刑法（包括坐牢）来推行此项法律。

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sanctuary

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n. A sanctuary is a place where people who are in danger from other people can go to be safe. 避难所，庇护 【同】haven
In the capital Kigali, the Rwandan army shelled the national sports stadium, where more than 5000 refugees from the country’s civil war had sought sanctuary.
在首都基加利，卢旺达军炮轰了国家体育馆，里面有超过5000名因内战前来避难的难民。

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scenario

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[sɪˋnærɪˏo] n. If you talk about a likely or possible scenario, you are talking about the way in which a situation may develop.可能发生的情况
Nunn said, a handful of fanatics could crash a radio-controlled drone aircraft into the building, “engulfing it with chemical weapons and causing tremendous death and destruction.” This scenario, said Nunn, “is not far-fetched,” and the technology is all readily available.
努思说，有一小撮狂热分子可能操纵无线遥控飞机冲进这栋大楼，“使大楼完全为化学武器所吞没，造成极大的人员死亡与财务破坏。”努思说，这种假象情况“并非完全不可能发生”，而这种技术很容易就可取得。
█to crash (a plane or car) into …使（飞机或汽车）猛撞上；drone n. 无线遥控的飞机或汽车；
engulf v. 吞没，使陷入If one thing engulfs another, it completely covers or hides it, often in a sudden and unexpected way.；
far-fetched adj.（故事、想法）牵强的，靠不住的If you describe a story or idea as far-fetched, you are criticizing it because you think it is unlikely to be true or practical.

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scheme

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[skim] n. 计划，方案，阴谋 【同】plan
There are, however, as many variations on this latest get-rich-on-the-Internet scheme as there are firms that want to cash in on it.
然而，最近这“上国际互联网赚一票”的方案有许多不同的作法，就如同想利用它来赚钱的厂商一样多。
█to cash in on …用……来赚钱TAKE ADVANTAGE OF, exploit, milk; make money from, profit from; informal make a killing out of.

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scorn

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[skɔrn] n. 轻蔑，鄙视 If you pour scorn on someone or something or heap scorn on them, you say that you think they are stupid and worthless.【同】contempt disrespect
He heaps scorn on federal judges who have used the bench to enforce and expand civil rights, accusing them of a paternalistic belief in black inferiority.
他对那些利用法官职务坚持并扩大黑人民权的联邦法官非常鄙视，指控他们有一种家长式的自以为是的观念，认定黑人就是处于劣势（需要特别保护）。
█bench n. 法官（职位）；
paternalistic adj. Someone who is paternalistic takes all the decisions for the people they govern, employ, or are responsible for. 家长式统治或管理的，把员工或下属都当小孩一样看待而为他们做好一切安排的
Someone who is paternalistic takes all the decisions for the people they govern, employ, or are responsible for.

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scrutiny

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[ˋskrutnɪ] n. If a person or thing is under scrutiny, they are being studied or observed very carefully.仔细检查，注目
If that evidence stands up to the intense scientific scrutiny that is certain to follow, it will confirm for the first time that life is not unique to Earth.
如果这个证据能够通过，随后必定得面对的严格的科学检验，那将是首度确认生命并非地球所独有。
█to stand up to（理论、东西）耐用，经得起……If a person or thing is under scrutiny, they are being studied or observed very carefully.

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stretch

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[strɛtʃ] n. A stretch of time is a period of time. 一段时间，距离 【同】spell
But one of the effects of the unusual stretch of weather over the past 15 years has been to alert researchers to a new and perhaps even more immediate threat of the warming trend; the rapid spread of disease-bearing bugs and pests.
但过去15年间气候异常所产生的结果之一，是使研究人员警觉到气温上升趋势所带来的一个新的、也许是更立即的威胁，那就是带病原的昆虫和小动物快速蔓延。

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strife

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[straɪf] n. 斗争，冲突Strife is strong disagreement or fighting. (FORMAL) 【同】conflict
From strife-torn Georgia comes Giya Kancheli, who may be the most important Soviet composer since Shostakovich.
从饱受战火折磨的格鲁吉亚共和国，出现了坎且利这样的人物，他可能是萧斯塔科维奇之后苏联最重要的作曲家。

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tactic

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[ˋtæktɪk] n. 战术，策略
Turning to the well-tested tactic of seeking a scapegoat, he (Yeltsin) fired Moscow police chief Vladimir Pankratov and city chief prosecutor Gennadi Ponomaryov for failing to “provide proper organization” to deal with “grave crimes.”
丢车保帅是屡试不爽的策略，叶利钦转而采取这项策略，以未能“设立适当组织”对付“严重犯罪”之名，免掉莫斯科警察局长潘克拉托夫与该市检察长波诺玛尤夫的职务。
█scapegoat n. If you say that someone is made a scapegoat for something bad that has happened, you mean that people blame them and may punish them for it although it may not be their fault.代罪羔羊；
grave adj. A grave event or situation is very serious, important, and worrying.（事实，疾病）严重的

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torture

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[ˋtɔrtʃɚ] n. 苦刑，折磨 【同】torment
Twenty minutes of relaxation and 20 minutes of torture. You never know what was next.
20分钟的舒缓之后，是2 0分钟的苦刑，你根本搞不清楚下一分钟会有什么遭遇。

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transition

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[trænˋzɪʃən] n. Transition is the process in which something changes from one state to another.过渡（时期），转移
Making the transition to true no-hands smart roads… is an engineering challenge that will probably take another 20 years to complete.
要过渡到真正无人驾驶的智慧型道路，是工程上的一大挑战，可能要再花上20年才能完成。

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turmoil

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[ˋtəmɔɪl] n. Turmoil is a state of confusion, disorder, uncertainty, or great anxiety. 骚乱，动乱
No one in authority in Washington or Tokyo will say publicly that current turmoil is likely to unhinge the 35-year-old U.S.-Japan security alliance, but week by week a sense of alarm is growing.
华盛顿和东京的权威人士无人愿意公开承认，目前的骚乱可能会使已有35年历史的美日安全同盟毁于一旦，但是恐慌之情与日俱增。
█unhinge v. 使分离，拆卸If you say that an experience has unhinged someone, you mean that it has affected them so deeply that they have become mentally ill.

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verdict

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[ˋvədɪkt] n. In a court of law, the verdict is the decision that is given by the jury or judge at the end of a trial.判决
Hollywood madam Heidi Fleiss was convicted of running a call-girl ring and faces up to six years in prison. Fleiss reacted to the verdict by throwing her head on the defense table.
好莱坞的弗里斯女士因经营应召女郎站被判有罪，将面对6年牢狱生活。聆听判决后，弗里斯将头猛然撞向被告席的桌上作为回应。
█convict v. 判决（某人）有罪If someone is convicted of a crime, they are found guilty of that crime in a law court.

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version

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[ˋvəʒən] n. 版本
Indonesia’s government, which vigorously suppressed the newsmagazine Tempo, does not seem at all concerned that a digital version has appeared on the Net.
印尼政府曾经以铁腕镇压新闻性杂志《节拍》，可是该杂志的电子版已在网上露面，印尼政府对此却好像全部在意。

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veteran

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[vɛtərən] n. A veteran is someone who has served in the armed forces of their country, especially during a war.老兵，老手
Consequently, Cuba’s national team is made up largely of hardened veterans, some of whom have played together for a decade.
所以，古巴国家代表队成员大多是身经百战的老手，其中有些人更是并肩打了10年球的队友。
If you describe someone as hardened, you mean that they have had so much experience of something bad or unpleasant that they are no longer affected by it in the way that other people would be.

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wrath

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[ræθ] n. Wrath means the same as anger. (LITERARY)愤怒
After U.S. soldiers prevented the mob from venting its wrath on several men suspected of throwing the bomb, the crowd turned on the warehouse itself.
民众欲将满腔的愤怒发泄在数名丢掷炸弹的嫌疑犯身上，但遭到美军阻止，于是将发泄对象转到仓库上面。
█vent v. 发泄
A mob is a large, disorganized, and often violent crowd of people.
If you vent your feelings, you express them forcefully.

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yield

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[jild] n. A yield is the amount of food produced on an area of land or by a number of animals.产量
The federal government has built a maze of greenhouses, labs and research facilities dedicated to spawning new high-yield varieties of bug-resistant wheat, potatoes, sunflowers and sugar beets.
联邦政府建起一系列温室、实验室与研究设施，错落如迷宫一般；这些设施是为了培植高产而且防虫害的小麦、马铃薯、向日葵、甜菜的新品种而建立的。
A maze of streets, rooms, or tunnels is a large number of them that are connected in a complicated way, so that it is difficult to find your way through them.

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acute

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(a.). You can use acute to indicate that an undesirable situation or feeling is very severe or intense.1(感觉)强烈的，(事态)严重的；2(视觉 嗅觉等)敏锐的 同1.severe 2.keen
In the past, the(Mexican)ruling classes emphasized our acute differences with the Anglo－Saxons in order to affirm our separate identity.
过去(墨西哥)统治阶级刻意强调我们与盎格鲁一撒克逊人之间强烈不同之处。以确立我们本身与众不同的民族特性。

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affable

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(a.) Someone who is affable is pleasant and friendly. 和蔼可亲的 同amicable
Indeed，Clinton was more than conciliatory when he met with Gingrich on Thursday and the new Speaker was affable in return.
的确，星期四克林顿与金里奇会面时显露十足和解之意，而金里奇这位新上任的众院议长，也投桃报李,友善相待。

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affiliated

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(a.) If an organization is affiliated with another larger organization, it is officially connected with the larger organization or is a member of it. (FORMAL) (与某较大组织) 有紧密关系的，附属〔某较大组织〕的
Games’ sponsor Visa International and three affiliated banks are using Atlanta as a beachhead for the introduction to the U.S. of smart cards an electronic substitute for cash.
奥运赞助商维萨卡国际机构与3家合作银行，正利用亚待兰大作为在美国发行智能卡的立足点，以电子货币替代现金交易。
•beachhead(n.)滩头阵地，立足点A beachhead is an area of land next to the sea or a river where an attacking force has taken control and can prepare to advance further inland.

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aggressive

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(a.)富有略性的，挑衅的同belligerent
Says farmer Secretary of Defense Caspar Weinberger：”Their whole foreign policy has turned suddenly much more aggressive，and that bodes no good for the nature of any people.”
前国防部长温伯格说：” 他们的外交政策突然整个变得更富侵略性，这对任何民族天性来说都不会有好结果。 “
If something bodes ill, it makes you think that something bad will happen in the future. If something bodes well, it makes you think that something good will happen. (FORMAL)

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allegedly

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(adv.) used when reporting something that people say is true, although it has not been proved据称，据说， (证据不足的情况下) 遭指控地
Hard Rock creator Peter Morton sued Earl for allegedly purloining Hard Rock business plans. The issue was settled without a trial.
硬石餐厅的创办人彼得•摩顿控告厄尔，称其偷取硬石的营业计划。这件案子已在庭外和解。
•purloin (v.)偷If someone purloins something, they steal it or borrow it without asking permission. (FORMAL)

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aloft

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(adv.) Something that is aloft is in the air or off the ground. (LITERARY)在高处，在空中
The bronze sculpture depict a man holding a pipe aloft as an offering to the Great Spirit.
这件铜雕表现一个将烟斗高高直举起，以供奉“大神“〔北美某些印第安部落崇拜的神抵〕的男子。

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alternate

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(a.)交替的，替代的
The opposition says the government should concentrate on alternate energy sources and restrict the growth of industries like petrochemicals that consume a lot of energy.
反对党说政府应专注于开发替代能源土，并且应该限制消耗大量能源的工业如石化业之增长。

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ambivalent

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(a.) If you say that someone is ambivalent about something, they seem to be uncertain whether they really want it, or whether they really approve of it.感觉矛盾的
Gates is ambivalent about his celebrity.
对于自己声名大噪，盖茨的感情是矛盾的

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assorted

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(a.) A group of assorted things is a group of similar things that are of different sizes or colours or have different qualities.各式各样的同various
His personal arsenal，including a Czech machine gun and assorted pistols，shotguns and Rifles, was stashed in the trunk of his car.
他个人的式器，包括一支捷克制机枪 各式各样的手枪 猎枪 步枪，全藏在车子的行李厢里。
•arsenal(n.)储藏的武器An arsenal is a building where weapons and military equipment are stored.
stash (v.)藏放If you stash something valuable in a secret place, you store it there to keep it safe. (INFORMAL)

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audacious

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(a.) 大胆的同daring
Someone who is audacious takes risks in order to achieve something.
Last year，after months of deliberation，Collins left his faculty post at the University of Michigan Medical School to lead the Human Genome Project，an audacious effort to decipher the complete genetic script contained in human cells.
去年，科林斯经数月的考虑.决定辞掉在密歇根大学医学院的职务，前往主持人类基因组工程，这是一项大胆的工程，其宗旨是解读出人类细胞中的全部遗传信息。
•decipher(v.)译解(密码)

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austere

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(a.)(人)严肃的，(东西 生活)朴实的
If you describe someone as austere, you disapprove of them because they are strict and serious.
The Puppet master(1993)and last year's Good Men Good Women，with their austere poignancies，played all the best festivals，though they remain a coterie taste.
《戏梦人生》与去年的《好男好女》，以朴素而尖锐的风格打进各大影展，然而这些影片仍只有少数内行人能欣赏。
•poignancy (n)尖锐，深刻
Coterie ( n.)(具排他性的)小圈圈，集团. A coterie of a particular kind is a small group of people who are close friends or have a common interest, and who do not want other people to join them. (FORMAL)

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avant-garde

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(a.)前卫的
Avant-garde art, music, theatre, and literature is very modern and experimental.
Kosuke Tsumura，another Miyake student，launched his K-Zelle line in 1992 and two years later debuted in Paris with avant-garde Mad Max costume.
三宅一生另一个徒弟津村小介于1992年推出了K-Zelle系列，两年后首次在巴黎推出前卫的《冲锋飞车队》服装展。

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benevolent

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(a.)仁慈的
If you describe a person in authority as benevolent, you mean that they are kind and fair.
Ruthless company-downsizing drives and continued layoffs，coupled with rising pay for top managers，have made their bosses look a good deal less benevolent.
无情的公司缩编举措,不断的解雇员工，加上付给高层经理人员的薪资节节上涨，使得他们的老板看起来不再那么慈祥。
•layoff (n.)解雇；a goad deal 常，极其
if one thing is coupled with another, the two things happen or exist together and produce a particular result

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bewildered

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(a.)迷惑的，张惶失措的同perplexed
If you are bewildered, you are very confused and cannot understand something or decide what you should do.
One thing that has observers bewildered is how the White House, could have put forward Foster’s nomination without getting the abortion issue squared away in advance.
令观察家莫名其妙一点是，白宫敢提名福斯特，却不事先解决堕胎议题。
•to square away把(难题)处理掉;摆平(以放手进行其他事) If you square something or someone away, you deal with them so that the situation is satisfactory. (AM)

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bizarre

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(a.)怪异的同weird
Something that is bizarre is very odd and strange.
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Floods.Droughts.Hurricane.Twisters.Are all the bizarre weather extremes we’ve been having lately normal fluctuations in the planet's atmospheric systems？
洪水.干旱，飓风，龙卷风。究竟这些近来我们看到的怪异气候极端现象是不是地球大气系统的正常变化？
•extremes (n.)(行为 情报上的)极端；
fluctuation (n.)(气候 市价等的)变动a change in a price, amount, level etc

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blatant

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(a.)大刺刺的，极明显的，公然的
You use blatant to describe something bad that is done in an open or very obvious way.
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What the network didn’t know--and didn’t bother to find out --was that Jammal was a hoaxer and that large segments of its program were based on blatant and ludicrous pseudoscience.
该电视台所不知道的 也未曾特意去探究的，就是詹玛尔是个骗子，而且该电视台的节目大部分都是根据明显的,可笑的伪科学来制作的。
If you describe something as ludicrous, you are emphasizing that you think it is foolish, unreasonable, or unsuitable.

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blue-chip

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(a.)(在同行业中)最获利的，最赚钱的
Blue chip stocks and shares are an investment which are considered fairly safe to invest in while also being profitable.
Such entreaties(to safeguard the patents of manufacturers) have become essential for Americans blue-chip companies as they charge into the vast markets of China and its East Asian neighbors.
恳求保护其产品专利权，已经成为美国绩优公司挺进中国及其东亚邻国广大市场时，必然要做的事。
•entreaty (r.)恳求，乞求，An entreaty is a very polite, serious request. (FORMAL)
Charge (v.)冲锋，向前冲

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capricious

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(a.)1(性情)善变的，反复无常的；2(事物)变化无常的同impulsive mercurial同unpredictable反dependable
Someone who is capricious often changes their mind unexpectedly.
Earthquakes…are capricious beasts ruled by what physicists refer to as nonlinear dynamics，which means precise forecasting of when and where they will occur is impossible.
地震是变化莫测的凶残杀手，受物理学家所谓的非线性力学的支配，这表示要精确预测地震将于何时何地发生是不可能为事。
•nonlinear(a.)非线性的

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chronic

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(a.).1(疾病)慢性的；2(行为 恶习)习以为常的，积习成癖的同persistent同habitual
You can describe someone's bad habits or behaviour as chronic when they have behaved like that for a long time and do not seem to be able to stop themselves.
Psychiatrists stress，however，that a few injections of medication and some sessions with a psychotherapist are just the beginning. Pedophilia is a chronic disorder.
然而心理学家强调，药物注射及与心理治疗师交谈不过是个开始，因为恋童癖是种慢性病。
•pedophilia(n)恋童癖 Paedophilia is sexual activity with children or the condition of being sexually attracted to children.

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compatible

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(a.)相容的，兼容的 反incompatible
No one except Microsoft executives disputes the fact that Microsoft is，in fact，a monopoly at least in IBM-compatible computer-operating systems. Some 8 out of 10 desktop computers run the Microsoft software.
事实上，微软公司至少垄断了与IBM兼容的电脑操作系统，这一点除了微软的各主管，没人会有异议。10台台式电脑中约有8台是用微软的软件在操作
•dispute〔v.)(对事实等)怀疑.持异议If you dispute a fact, statement, or theory, you say that it is incorrect or untrue.

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compelling

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(a.)极吸引人的，令人无法抗拒的
If you describe something such as a film or book, or someone's appearance, as compelling, you mean you want to keep looking at it or reading it because you find it so interesting.
Winfrey，42,had a troubled childhood，but her genius was to realize that those troubles and similar ones experienced by ordinary people all over America -- could make for compelling television.
42岁的温弗里童年并不愉快，但是她的天分在于能意识到她的问题，以及全美普通百姓面临的类似问题，都可以成为精彩感人的电视题材。

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complacent

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(a.)自满的A complacent person is very pleased with themselves or feels that they do not need to do anything about a situation, even though the situation may be uncertain or dangerous.
That does not mean that the people of Kwangju are growing complacent or law enforcement agencies less vigilant.
这并不代表光州人民已志得意满，也不代表执法当局放松了警戒心。
•vigilant (a.)提防的，带戒心的Someone who is vigilant gives careful attention to a particular problem or situation and concentrates on noticing any danger or trouble that there might be.

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confidential

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(a.)机密的反public
Although labeled “privileged and confidential,” copies of the telephone survey are mysteriously ending up in the hands of reporters and environmentalists in both Alabama and Missouri.
这份电话问卷的副本虽己注明”仅供特定人士观看，机密”，但神不知鬼不觉，最后仍落入亚拉巴马与密苏里两州的记者与环保人士手中。
•Privileged( a.)仅供少数人知道的，机密的Privileged information is known by only a small group of people, who are not legally required to give it to anyone else.;
to end up.最后变成 If you end up doing something or end up in a particular state, you do that thing or get into that state even though you did not originally intend to.

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congenial

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(a.)(人)意气相投的；(环境)令人愉快的同agreeable
A congenial person, place, or environment is pleasant. (FORMAL)
If we really mean to lead，and to bring about a world more or less congenial to us，we should stop pretending that we can do the job on the cheap and by remote control.
如果我们〔美国)真有意领导世界，并使世界变得多少令人顺眼一些，那就不要再欺骗自己说这件工作不必花大钱,远远地发号施令就可以做到。

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consistent

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(a.)前后一致的
TIME--CNN polls have shown a consistent majority of voters---56％ VS.34％in last week's survey favoring creation of a full-fledged new party.
对于成立另一个正式政党，TIME与CNN合作的多项民意调查一致显示有过半数选民同意，如上周的调查即是56％鲜赞成, 34％反对。
Fully-fledged means complete or fully developed.