Thyroid G/salivary G/submandibular Region

Front 1

Thyroid
-what type of gland?
-secretes?
-regulates?

Back 1

-endocrine gland
-thyroxin & thyrocalcitonin
-basal metabolic rate, calcium metabolism, stimulates somatic and psychic growth

Front 2

Thyroid
-located where?
-how many lobes usually? unusually?
-connected by? which is located where?

Back 2

-Inf to thyroid cart, level of cricoid cart
-2 lobes, sometimes 3rd (from isthmus)
-Isthmus connects lobes, located in front of 2nd, 3rd, 4th tracheal rings

Front 3

True capsule is made up of?
False Capsule is made up of? Forms? Connects?

Back 3

True: Connective Tissue
False: Pretracheal Fascia, thick medially to form suspensory ligament of Berry (connects lobe to cricoid cartilage)

Front 4

Arterial Supply of Thyroid (3)

Back 4

1) Superior Thyroid (branch of external carotid A)
2) Inferior Thyroid A (branch of thyrocervical trunk)
3) Thyroid IMA A (arch or brachiocephalic trunk) -3% of individuals

Front 5

Venous Drainage (3-to where?)

Back 5

1) Superior Thyroid V - internal jugular V
2) Middle Thyroid V - internal jugular V
3) Inferior Thyroid V - left brachiocephalic V

Front 6

Lymphatics-upper part? lower part?

Back 6

Upper part-upper deep cervical lymph N
Lower part- lower deep cervical lymph N

Front 7

Nerves-mainly? and are?

Back 7

mainly from middle cervical ganglion and are vasoconstrictor

Front 8

Superior thyroid A ligated where? to save?

Inferior thyroid A ligated where? to save?

Back 8

*Superior-nearer gland-to save external laryngeal N (branch of sup laryngeal N)

*Inferior- away from gland-to save recurrent laryngeal N.

Front 9

Hyperthyroidism is due to? Most common cause is?

Hypothyroidism is due to? Most common cause is?

Back 9

Hyper-increase in thyroid hormone, Grave's disease
Hypo-decrease in thyroid hormone,
Hashimoto thyroidiris

Front 10

Goiter is? Most common cause? Leads to?

Back 10

IS enlargement of thyroid gland
CAUSE iodine deficiency
LEADS TO dysphagia, hoarseness of voice

Front 11

Parathyroid glands are?
Located where?
Secrete what?
Which controls?

Back 11

-2 pairs of small endocrine glands
-Posterior border of thyroid w/i capsule
-Secretes parathormone which controls metabolism of calcium & phospherus

Front 12

Blood Supply-
Arterial supply-
Veins, lymphatics & N supply-

Back 12

Arterial-inferior thyroid artery
V, L, N-thyroid gland

Front 13

Hyperparathyroidism-

Back 13

tumors of parathyroid

Front 14

Excessive secretion of parathormone-

Back 14

increase removal of calcium from bones (osteitis fibrosa cystica)

Front 15

Hypoparathyroidism-

Back 15

accidental removal of gland during thyroidectomy-hypocalcemia

Front 16

3 Major Salivary glands?
Found in? Produce?

Back 16

1)Parotid 2)Submandibular 3)Sublingual
-Found in tongue, palate, cheeks, lips
-Produces saliva which keeps oral cavity moistened, and help in chewing/swallowing

Front 17

Parotid gland- size? location?

Back 17

-Largest in body
-below external meatus, between ramus of madible and sternomastoid

Front 18

Accessory Parotid gland? Location?

Back 18

-Part that extends forward, often detached
-Lies btwn zygo arch & parotid duct

Front 19

Parotid Capsule is?

Back 19

-Investing layer of deep fascia split to enclose the gland btwn angle of madible and mastoid process

Front 20

What separates Parotid & Submandibular gland?

Back 20

Stylomandibular Ligament formed by Deep Lamina of Parotid Capsule-thickening

Front 21

Parotid Duct is? Also called? Pierces? Opens into?

Back 21

Stenson's Duct. Thick wall duct, emerges from middle of ant border of gland. Pierces buccal pad of fat, buccopharyngeal fascia & buccinator obliquely. Opens into vestibule or mouth opposite the crown of upper 2nd molar tooth.

Front 22

Arteries-
Veins-
Lymph-

Back 22

Arteries-external carotid & branches
Veins-external jugular vein
Lymph-parotid gr. of lymph node

Front 23

1) Parotid Swelling-
2) Mumps-
3) Abscess-

Back 23

1) Very painful due to unyielding nature of partoid fascia
2) viral infection
3) spread of infection from mouth

Front 24

4) Parotidectomy-
5) Sialography-

Back 24

4) facial nerve is preserved by removing gland in two parts (SF & DP) Nerve passage between.
5) Radiographic visualization of parotid duct system

Front 25

6) Sialolith-
7) Mixed Parotid tumor-

Back 25

6) stone in duct
7) benign tumor and involvement of facial N, rapid growth and pain are signs of malignant change

Front 26

Submandibular Region is-

Back 26

Deeper structure in area between mandible & hyoid bone including floor of mouth and root of tongue

Front 27

Muscles in Submandibular Region?

Back 27

Digastric, Stylohyoid, Mylohyoid, Geniohyoid

Front 28

Submandibular Gland is? Divided by? SF part lies where?

Back 28

-Large salivary gland located in the anterior part of digastric triangle
-Divided by mylohyoid M
-SF part lies SF to mylohyoid M

Front 29

Submandibular Duct-also called?
Emerges at? Is crossed by?

Back 29

Also called Whartons duct. Emerges at anterior end of deep part.
Crossed by lingual N.

Front 30

Submandibular Duct opens?

Back 30

Opens on floor of mouth on summit of sublingual papilla at side of frenulum of tongue

Front 31

Submandibular Blood Supply & Lymp
Artery-
Veins-
Lymph-

Back 31

Artery-fascial artery
Veins-common facial or Lingual Vein
Lymph-submandibular lymph node

Front 32

Nerve supply of Mandibular Region-
braches from?
These branches convey?

Back 32

-Branches from submandibular ganglion
-convey secretomotor fibers, sensory fibers, vasomotor sympathetic fibers from plexus on facial A.

Front 33

Common site of Calculus-

Back 33

Tense swelling below body of mandible which is greatest before and during meal and reduced in size in between meal in diagnostic

Front 34

Excision of submandibular gland for calculus or tumor-

Back 34

is done by incision below angle of jaw, since the mandibular branch of facial N passes posterioinferior to angle of jaw, the incision must be placed more than 1 inch below angle to preserve N

Front 35

Sublingual Gland-size? where?

Back 35

-Smallest of 3 salivary glands
-Above mylohyoid in sublingual fossa

Front 36

Sublingual Gland-ducts open into? Bloddy supply?
Nerve supply?

Back 36

-Opens into floor of mouth by about 15 ducts on summit of sublingual fold
-Bloody supply is Lingual & Submental Arteries
-Nerve supply is similar to submandibular gland