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10 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Protein Synthesis

the process by which amino acids are linearly arranged into proteinsthrough the involvement of ribosomal RNA, transfer RNA, messengerRNA, and various enzymes.

RNAi

RNA interference (RNAi) is a biological process in which RNA molecules inhibit gene expression, typically by causing the destruction of specific mRNA molecules. Historically, it was known by other names, including co-suppression, post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS), and quelling.

Nucleotide

one of the structural components, or building blocks, of DNA and RNA. A nucleotide consists of a base (one of four chemicals: adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine) plus a molecule of sugar and one of phosphoric acid.

Transcription

is the first step of gene expression, in which a particular segment ofDNA is copied into RNA (mRNA) by the enzyme RNA polymerase. Both RNA and DNA are nucleic acids, which use base pairs of nucleotides as a complementary language.

Translation

is the process in which cellular ribosomes create proteins. Intranslation, messenger RNA (mRNA)—produced by transcription from DNA—is decoded by a ribosome to produce a specific amino acid chain, or polypeptide

Adenine

a compound that is one of the four constituent bases of nucleic acids. A purine derivative, it is paired with thymine in double-stranded DNA.

Thymine

a compound that is one of the four constituent bases of nucleic acids. A pyrimidine derivative, it is paired with adenine in double-stranded DNA

Guanine

a compound that occurs in guano and fish scales, and is one of the four constituent bases of nucleic acids. A purine derivative, it is paired with cytosine in double-stranded DNA

Cytosine

a compound found in living tissue as a constituent base of nucleic acids. It is paired with guanine in double-stranded DNA

Uracil

a compound found in living tissue as a constituent base of RNA. In DNA its place is taken by thymine