Thorax, Breast ,mediastinum, Pleura And Lung Anatomy

Front 1

Ribs

Back 1

12 pairs

1-7 true
7-12 false
11 and 12 floating

Front 2

muscles which elevate thoracic cage

Back 2

scalene m.s, pectoralis major and minor, sternocleidomastoid

Front 3

intercostal m.s

Back 3

respiratory m.s that elevate or depress ribs

all nn by 1-22th intercostal n.s

inner most intercostal m. part of internal

Front 4

subcostalis m

Back 4

4-11 intercostal n.s

Front 5

transversus thoracis m.

Back 5

upper intercostal n.s

Front 6

breast

LECTURE

Back 6

2/3 rests on pectoralis major, and 1/3 over serratus ant.

composed of glandular tissue and adipose tissue (contour and size)

function: lactation
areola: enlarges during puberty, contains sebaceous glands and gets darker during pregnancy
nipple: composed of smooth m.

Front 7

retromammary space

LECTURE

Back 7

btw breast and deep fascia

tumor here may contract the pectoralis major and breast may move superiorly

Front 8

suspensory (cooper's) ligaments

LECTURE

Back 8

extend from skint o deep fascia and support breast

their invasion by tumor may cause dimpling of skin

Front 9

lobules

LECTURE

Back 9

breast is composed of lobuels of 15-20 glandular tissue (mammary gland); each lobule is drained by a lactiferous duct which opens into the nipple

Front 10

supra-cardiac mediastinum

LECTURE

Back 10

5 layers of structures

Front 11

pleural n. supply

LECTURE

Back 11

parietal plurea-phrenic and intercostal n.s

visceral pleura: autonomic n. supply

Front 12

pharynx

LECTURE

Back 12

nasopharynx, oropharynx, hypopharynx (laryngopharynx)

Front 13

surfaces of lungs

Back 13

costal, diaphragmatic, mediastinal

Front 14

apex of lungs

Back 14

2.5 cm over clavicle, transvered by subclavian a.

Front 15

inferior border of lungs

Back 15

at 6,8,10 ribs (midclavicular, midaxillary, and scapular lines)

Front 16

right lung

Back 16

has 3 lobes

Front 17

left lung

Back 17

2 lobes

upper lobe has cardiac notch
lingula is below cardiac notch

Front 18

fissures of lungs

Back 18

oblique: t2 to 6th costochrondral joint (only in R)

horizontal: from 4th costal cartilage level to oblique fissure

Front 19

trachea

Back 19

from c6-t4

divides to :
main bronchi at t4(sternal angle), carina
-->lobar bronchi (secondary)-->segmental bronchi (tertiary)

Front 20

main bronchus in trachea

Back 20

shorter , wider and more verticle in R

less steep in L

Front 21

Bronchopulmonary segments
LECTURE

Back 21

10 on each side, contains:
segmental bronchus, branch of pulmonary a., branch of bronchial a. which run together

Front 22

n. supply to lung and visceral pleura

Back 22

parasympathetic: vagus(cnx)
sympathetic: t1-t5

Front 23

vagal efferent

LECTURE

Back 23

motor to bronchial smooth m. (bronchoconstriction)
inhibitor to pulmonary v.s (vasodilator)
secretor to bronchial glands (secretomotor)

Front 24

vagal afferent

LECTURE

Back 24

sensory in respiratory epithelium (pain and stretch)

Front 25

sympathetic efferent

LECTURE

Back 25

brochodilator (inhibitor of bronchial m)

vasoconstrictor to pulmonary v.s (motor)

inhibitory to glands in bronchial tree

Front 26

intercostal vessels

Back 26

internal thoracic artery---musculophrenic artery and superior epigastric artery.