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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the pericardium?
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double walled sac that covers heart and proximal great vessels (ascending aorta)
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what are the 2 layers of the pericardium?
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1. fibrous pericardium (outer layer)
2. serous pericardium (just deep to bibrous) and it has 2 layers - parietal layer and visceral layer |
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what is pericarditis?
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inflammation of the pericardium
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what is pericardial effusion?
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-fluid/blood/ infection of pericardial cavity
-congestive heart failure -heart cant pump enough blood to organs/body |
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what is cardiac tamponade?
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heart compression
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Where is blood in the right atrium coming from?
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It is venous blood from:
-SVC -IVC -coronary sinus |
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What does the auricle do?
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it increases capacity of atrium
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what valve connects the right atrium and right ventricle?
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tricuspid valve
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what layers make up the wall of the heart?
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1. epicardium - visceral layer of serous pericardium
2. myocardium (cardiac muscle) 3. endocardium (most inner layer) - endothelium and loose c.t. |
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what is the heart skeleton?
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Consists of plate of fibrous connective tissue between atria and ventricles
Fibrous rings around valves to support Serves as electrical insulation between atria and ventricles Provides site for muscle attachment |
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what does the spiral arrangement of the ventricular muscles do?
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allows ventricular contraction to squeeze the blood upward from the apex of the heart
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what is the first heart sound?
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lub
Atrioventricular valves close at beginning of ventricular systole |
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what is the 2nd heart sound?
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dub
closure of aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves at beginning of ventricular diastole |
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what is the occasional 3rd heart sound?
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murmur (swish)
caused by turbulent blood flow valve locations |
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what does the phrenic n. innervate?
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1. diaphragm (via c3,4,5 - keeps the diaphragm alive!)
2. pericardium |
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What does the pericardiacophrenic a. and v. innervate?
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Innervate pericardium via the internal thoracic a.
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what 3 structures drain into the right atrium?
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1. SVC
2. IVC 3. Coronary Sinus |
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What drains into the SVC?
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head, neck and upper limb
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What drains into the IVC?
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abdominal viscera and lower limb (cable system)
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What drains into the coronary sinus?
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cardiac muscle - carrying deoxygenated blood
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What muscle separates the smooth and rough atrial muscle from each other in right atrium?
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Sulcus terminalis (exterior)
crista terminalis (interior) |
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What rough m. is in the r. atrium?
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pectinate m.
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What valve separates the r. atrium from the r. ventricle?
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Tricuspid valve
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What muscles make up the r. ventricle?
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-papillary muscles
-chordae tendineae -trabeculae carnae |
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Where is the moderator band located?
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r. ventricle
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Where does the blood move through and to after leaving the r. ventricle?
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blood goes through the pulmonary semilunar valves to the pulmonary trunk to the pulmonary arteries (de 02) to the lungs
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Where does blood go once it has received oxygen from the lungs?
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blood goes from lungs to pulmonary veins (O2) to the left atrium
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sinoartial (SA) node
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primary pacemaker tissue
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atrioventricular (AV) node
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secondary pacemaker tissue
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what is stenosis of the valves?
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narrowing
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what do the coronary arteries supply blood to?
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coronary muscle
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ischemic heart disease (thrombosis)
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80% of all heart disease
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Name other types of heart disease.
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hypertensive heart disease
congenital heart disease valvular heart disease |
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what do you treat ischemic heart disease with?
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nitroglycerin
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what is a myocardial infarction (MI)
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necrosis due to local ischemia which is primarily caused by thrombi.
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The complications of MI depend on:
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location of MI and depth and size
-if occurs in distal end of artery it won't be as bad. |
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Treatments of ischemic heart disease:
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bypass surgery
coronary artery stent placement |
