Thoracic Wall And Lungs

Front 1

Where does the capula (pleural cavity) of the lungs extend?

Back 1

In to the neck, above the clavicles

Front 2

In males, where are the nipples located?

Back 2

4th intercostal space

Front 3

Where does the liver lie with respect to the diaphragm?

Back 3

The liver lies under the right dome of the diaphragm.

Front 4

Where does the stomach and spleen lie with respect to the diaphragm?

Back 4

The stomach and spleen lie under the left dome of the diaphragm.

Front 5

Where does the Left kidney lie with respect to the vetebral column?

Back 5

The left kidney lies anterior to the T12- L3 vertebrae

Front 6

Where does the right kidney lie with respect to the vertebrae?

Back 6

The right kidney lies one vertebrae lower at T11-L4. It is pushed down by the liver.

Front 7

Where are the lungs in the thoracic cavity?

Back 7

The lungs are located superior to a horizontal line passing through the nipples.

Front 8

The thoracic cavity is divided into what three major spaces?

Back 8

Right Pulmonary Cavity, Left Pulmonary Cavity and mediastinum

Front 9

What encloses the thoracic cavity inferiorly?

Back 9

The diaphragm

Front 10

What are the components of the sternum?

Back 10

Manubrium
Body
Sternal Angle
Jugular Notch

Front 11

How many pairs of ribs are there?

Back 11

12 with costal cartilages involving 12 thoracic vertebrae and IV discs

Front 12

Which ribs are the "True" ribs?

Back 12

The true/vertebral costal are ribs 1-7
They attach directly to the sternum via costal cartilages.

Front 13

Which are the "false" ribs?

Back 13

These are the vertebrochondral, ribs 8-10

Front 14

The vetebrochondral ribs/false ribs attach to what?

Back 14

They attach to the costal margin attachment

Ribs 8-9-10's cartilage meets up with the cartilage of rib 7= costal margin

Front 15

Which ribs are the floating ribs?

Back 15

Floating ribs are 11 and 12

Front 16

The articular facets articulate with what vertebra?
a)The vertebrae at the level of the rib and the one below
b)The vertebrae at that level and the one above

Back 16

A) Articular facets articulate with the vertebrae at the level of the rib and the one BELOW it

Front 17

What does the tubercle of the rib hold?

Back 17

There is an articular facet in the tubercle for the transverse process of the spine

Front 18

What is the costal groove?

Back 18

A passageway in the bending rib for blood vessels

Front 19

The first rib has how many articular facets on its head?

Back 19

One

Front 20

Ribs 10-12 have how many articular facets on their head?

Back 20

Singular articulate facets

Front 21

Where do ribs 11 and 12 end?

Back 21

Muscular Abdominal Wall

Front 22

What spinous process is at the superior angle of the scapula?

Back 22

T2 spinous process is at the superior angle of the scapula

Front 23

What spinous process is the inferior angle of the scapula?

Back 23

T7 is the inferior angle of the scapula

Front 24

What vertebral body level is the jugular notch?

Back 24

Jugular notch is T2 vertebral body

Front 25

The Sternal Angle is where what costal cartilages attach?

Back 25

Sternal angle is where 2nd costal cartilages attach

Front 26

The sternal angle is at the level of what IV disc

Back 26

The IV disc between T4 and T5

Front 27

What is the space that allows for movement of the breast?

Back 27

Retromammary Space

Front 28

Mammary glands are modified from what type of glands?

Back 28

Sweat Glands that form lobules

Front 29

The breast is situated over which ribs?

Back 29

2nd -6th

Front 30

The Sternal Angle of the scapula is where which costal cartilages attach?

Back 30

2nd costal cartilages
Level is IV disc between T4 and T5

Front 31

What is the main arterial supply of the breast? (3)

Back 31

LIP
Lateral Thoracic (lateral Mammary branches)
Internal Thoracic (medial mammary branches)
Posterior intercostal arteries (2nd, 3rd and 4th intercostal spaces)

Front 32

What is the venus drainage of the breast?

Back 32

Ax In Az

Lateral mammary veins Axillary Vein
Medial Mammary Veins into Internal thoracic
Azygous system via intercostal veins

Front 33

What is the innervation of the breast?

Back 33

2nd to 6th intercostal cutaneous branches of intercostal nerves

Front 34

What nerve innervates the nipple?

Back 34

4th intercostal Nerve

Front 35

Where does most lymph in the breast drain?

Back 35

Laterally and superiorly to the Axillary Nodes

Front 36

CC:
During Radical Masectomy, what nerve is often damaged resulting in winged scapula?

Back 36

Long Thoracic Nerve

Front 37

What two muscles overlying the thoracic wall help in forced respiration?

Back 37

Pec Major and Minor

Front 38

External Intercostals are membraneous on which side(s)?

Back 38

Anteriorly

Front 39

Internal intercostals are membraneous on which side(s)

Back 39

Posteriorly
Blood vessels run behind

Front 40

Innermost intercostals are membraneous on which side(s)?

Back 40

Anteriorly and Posteriorly.
Because of vessels anteriorly and and pleura that is continuous from inside the thoracic cavity

Front 41

What purpose do the subcostal muscles serve?

Back 41

Subcostals are on the Posterior Surface and span 2-3 intercostal spaces

*Strength for where the tubercles attach

Front 42

What muscles are major contributors to respiration?

Back 42

External Intercostals
Internal intercostals
Innermost intercostals

Front 43

What are the two main sources of blood to the thoracic cavity?

Back 43

Posterior and Anterior Intercostals
1. Posterior intercostal arteries
These originate from thoracic aorta (and the uppermost two originate from the superior thoracic artery, a branch from the costocervical trunk)

2) Anterior Intercostals. From internal thoracic artery, a branch of the subclavian

Front 44

What are the two routes that blood drains from the thoracic cavity?

Back 44

Internal thoracic veins, drain to brachiocephalic veins

Azygous system, drain to superior vena cavae

Front 45

What two muscles overlie the breast?

Back 45

Pec major and serratus anterior

Front 46

Posterior Intercostal Arteries are which levels?

Back 46

2nd 3rd and 4th intercostal spaces

Front 47

Most lymph drains to which duct (left side of body)

Back 47

Thoracic (Left)

Front 48

How does breast cancer spread to the liver and diaphragm?

Back 48

There is some drainage to the subdiaphragmatic nodes & liver

Front 49

The thoracodorsal nerve innervates what muscle?

Back 49

LatissimusDOrsi

Front 50

A medical student needs to inject the subcostal space, where does he inject?

Back 50

superior to the rib

Front 51

Subcostals (back) are part what are a counterpart of what muscles?

Back 51

transversus thoracic muscles

Front 52

Transversus Thoracic are anterior or posterior

Back 52

Anterior

Front 53

What passes through the central tendon of the diaphragm at T8?

Back 53

The inferior vena cava
Right phrenic nerve
pericardiacophrenic artery
pass through the central tendon at vertebral level T8

Front 54

What travels through anterior to T10 in the diaphragm?

Back 54

The esophagus and vagus nerves pass through the muscular part of diaphragm at vertebral level T10

Front 55

Where is the hilum of the lung

Back 55

T5-T7

Front 56

Endothroacic pleura is composed of what type of tissue?

Back 56

Loose CT

Front 57

What are the contributors to respiration arising from the back?

Back 57

Scalene muscles
Posterior serratus muscles
Deep back muscles
-->levator costorum, and transverse thoracic muscles

Front 58

Blood drains to the venous system in the thoracic wall via what veins?

Back 58

Internal Thoracic Vein
Azygous system- drains superior vena cava

Front 59

What is the name of air in the lungs

Back 59

pneumothorax is air in pleural cavity

Front 60

What is the name of water in the pleural cavity?

Back 60

hydrothorax

Front 61

What is the accumulation of blood in the pleural cavity?

Back 61

Hemothorax
accumulation of blood in the pleural cavity

Front 62

What is a PE?

Back 62

Obstruction of a pulmonary artery by a thrombus (blood clot) due to fat globule, air from leg vein
The clot may block blood flow in part or completely – when the embolus is large, patient suffers acute respiratory distress due to a major decrease in the oxygenation of blood & may expire in minutes

Front 63

What is the cardiodiaphragmatic recess?

Back 63

It is located below the 6th rib in the midclavicular line and the 8th rib in the midaxillary line.

Front 64

What is the Relationship between visceral and parietal pleura?

Back 64

Front 65

What unites to form the hilum of the lung?

Back 65

Visceral and Parietal layers are continuous

Front 66

What is the main blood supply of the diaphragm?

Back 66

Abdominal Aorta

Front 67

What passes through the aortic hiatus at T12?

Back 67

Thoracic duct and thoracic aorta

Front 68

What passes through the muscular part of the diaphragm at T10?

Back 68

Esophagus and Vagus N

Front 69

What passes through the central tendon of the diaphragm at T8?

Back 69

Inferior Vena Cava and Right Phrenic Nerve

Front 70

Is the lung inside or outside the pleural cavity?

Back 70

Outside

Front 71

What vertebral level is the hilum of the lung formed?

Back 71

T5 to T7

Front 72

Where is the costal pleura located?

Back 72

Adjacent to ribs and intecostal spaces

Front 73

What does the pulmonary ligament do?

Back 73

Movement of the lung.

It is an extension of the two pleural layers

Front 74

What is a loose CT layer that separates the parietal pleura from the internal surface of the thoracic wall?

Back 74

Endothoracic Fascia

Front 75

What is a recess in the lung?

Back 75

Visceral and parietal pleura are separated in regions that are not invaded during quiet respiration

Allows for expansion during forced inspiration (and fluid collection)

Front 76

What is a region of the lung not invaded during quiet respiration?

Back 76

A recess

Front 77

Where is the costodiaphragmatic recess located?

Back 77

Below the 6th rib in the midclavicular line and the 8th rib in the midaxillary line

Front 78

How many lobes are in the right lung?

Back 78

3
Separated by a horizontal and oblique fissure

Front 79

How many lobes does the left lung have?

Back 79

2
Oblique fissure separates

Front 80

On the Right Lung, what is the cut edge where the visceral and parietal pleura unite?

Back 80

Pulmonary Ligament

Front 81

In the right lung, the bronchus is in what position with respect to the pulmonary arteries?

Back 81

Posterior and lateral

Front 82

On the left lung, the main bronchus is in what position to the pulmonary artery?

Back 82

Inferior (note: mediastinal surface)

Front 83

Each lung has how many bornchiopulmonary segments?

Back 83

10

Front 84

What is the largest subdivision of the lobe of a lung?

Back 84

bronchiopulmonary segment

Front 85

What artery supplies the lungs?

Back 85

Bronchial

Front 86

Why can't blood oxygenation reach 100%?

Back 86

Bronchial veins unite in the lungs with the pulmonary veins.

Front 87

What does the bronchial vein drain into on the right?

Back 87

Azygous Vein

Front 88

Blood from the bronchial vein on the left drains into what?

Back 88

hemiazygous Vein

Front 89

Nerves to the lungs and visceral pleura arise from what?

Back 89

pulmonary plexuses

Front 90

What is the parasympathetic innervation of the lung and pleura?

Back 90

Vagus (constrict)