Thomas Jefferson

Front 1

The Vertebral Artery is the first branch of what artery?

Back 1

The subclavian

Front 2

How many spinous processes does the atlas have?

Back 2

None- only anterior and posterior arches, and anterior and posterior tubericles.

Front 3

Odontoid Process

Back 3

Found on the axis- also called the dens- articulates with the posterior surface of the anterior arch of C1

Front 4

Where is the pars interarticularis?

Back 4

B/w the superior and inferior articular processes of vertebrae.

Front 5

Intervertebrl foramen is what kind of foramen?

Back 5

Artificial- stenosis of intervertebral foramen is a comon cuse of pinched nerves.

Front 6

Supraspinous Ligament

Back 6

Runs along the most posterior aspect of the spinous processes- also aled the interspinous ligament

Front 7

Tectorial Membrane

Back 7

The junction of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament with the base of the skull.

Front 8

Purpose and location of the cruciate ligament and the alar ligament

Back 8

keep C1 and C2 in place- very importnt in limitig cervical motion.

Front 9

Name the synovial plane joints in the spine

Back 9

Facet joints- or zygapophysial joints

Front 10

What innervates the facet joints?

Back 10

posteror rami of spinal nerves.

Front 11

Nuchal Ligament

Back 11

Composed of thickened fibroelastic tissue. Extends from the external occipital protuberance to the spinous processes of the cervical vertebrae. Provides muscle attachment for C3-5 vertebrae.

Front 12

Where, in relation to the vertebra, does erniation occur?

Back 12

herniatin causes nerve impengement on the nerve below the disc.

Front 13

Batson's Plexus

Back 13

Provides vascualr pathway between pelvis and brain.

Front 14

Inferior and superior obliques

Back 14

Copose 2/3 of suboccipital triangle- allow for lateral rotation of atlas on axis.

Front 15

major and minor rectus posterior rectus capitis muscles

Back 15

Compose 1/3 of sub occipital triangle. Allow for extension of the neck and the head.

Front 16

Which Dorsal ramus does not have a sensory component?

Back 16

C1- it is the only spinal nerve not to have a Dorsal Root Ganglion.

Front 17

Suboccipital Triangle

Back 17

Composed of the Inferior oblique muscle, the superior oblique muscle, and the rectus posterior major muscle. stabilizes the atlas and axis to the occipital bone.

Front 18

Erector Spinae Muscles

Back 18

Illiocostalis, Longissimus thoracis, and the Spinalis thoracis

Front 19

Transversospinalis group

Back 19

Semispinalis capitis, Semispinalis Cervicis, and the Semispinlis Thoracis

Front 20

Deepest Back Muscles

Back 20

Rotatores, Multifidus, Levator costalis

Front 21

Components of the Central Nervous System

Back 21

Brain and Spinal Cord

Front 22

Component of the Peripheral Nervous System

Back 22

12 prs of crnial nerves
31 prs of spinal nerves

Front 23

Distribution of spinal nerves

Back 23

8 Cervical
12 Thoracic
5 Lumbar
5 Sacral
1 Coccygal

Front 24

Somatic Nervous System

Back 24

Controls the body other than the internl organs

Front 25

Visceral Nervous System

Back 25

Controls the vital organs

Front 26

Neuron Structure

Back 26

Dendrites- take electrochemical signal to cell body
Soma- Cell bod containing the nucleus
Axon- Takes electrochemical impulse away from cell body
Myelin Sheath- Increases conductivity and impulse velocity

Front 27

Termination of Spinal Cord

Back 27

L2

Front 28

Termination of Dural Sac

Back 28

S2

Front 29

Relationship of cervical nerves to vertebra

Back 29

Superior

Front 30

Relationship of all other nerves to vertebra

Back 30

inferior

Front 31

Ganglion

Back 31

Collection of neurons outside of the CNS

Front 32

Ventral Horn of spinal cord

Back 32

Motor Neurons

Front 33

Dorsal Horn of spinal cord

Back 33

sensory neurons

Front 34

Lateral Horn of spinal cord

Back 34

found between T1- L2- cell bodies of autonomic motor neurons.

Front 35

Wht do autonomic motor neurons control?

Back 35

smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands (all involuntary)

Front 36

Spinal Nerve Portions

Back 36

Doral Root (Sensory)- Dorsal Root ganglia
Division- into dorsal and venral rami
Ventral ramus- subdivides into sympathetic ganglion via rami communicntes

Front 37

Sympathetic Ganglion Characteristics

Back 37

T1-L2- grey and white rami communicntes all others just GREY
Contain synapse

Front 38

What do ventral rami inervate?

Back 38

Limbs
Supply eerything BUT deep back muscles, skin of the back
Form plexuses

Front 39

Afferent

Back 39

Sensory

Front 40

Efferent

Back 40

Motor

Front 41

Somatic

Back 41

Outer

Front 42

Visceral

Back 42

inner

Front 43

General

Back 43

Wide Distrbution

Front 44

Special

Back 44

Restricted Distribution

Front 45

All Spinal Nerves have all 4 General Functions

Back 45

GSE- Skeletal Muscle motor neurons
GVE- Autonomic Nervous Sstem (Takes 2 Neurons)
GVA- Sensations from internal organs (goes through dorsal root ganglion)
GSA- Supplies skin/ligaments

Front 46

Define Dermatome

Back 46

Strips of skin supplied by spinal nerves

Front 47

Plexus Formation

Back 47

Ventral Rami of multiple spinal nerves combine and then divide.
Any branch of a plexus has multiple spinal nerves.

Front 48

Dura Mater

Back 48

Tough Outer coating of Spinal Cord

Front 49

Arachnoid Mater

Back 49

Spider web- like membrane located inside of dura mater

Front 50

Pia Mater

Back 50

Closely adheres t the spinal cord

Front 51

Denticulate Ligaments

Back 51

Composed of Pia Mater
Anchor spinal cord laterally to neural canal
Separates dorsal root from ventral root

Front 52

Subarachnoid space

Back 52

located between arachnoid mater and pia mater, contains spinal fluid

Front 53

Subderma space

Back 53

Potential space (contains nothing) between derma mater and arachnoid mater

Front 54

Epidural Space

Back 54

Located outside of the dura mater, contains fat and veins (Batson's plexus)

Front 55

Site of Lumbar puncture

Back 55

Between L2 and S2 Tufflier's line (iliac crests)