Thomas First Aid Endocrine Pharm

Front 1

short acting insulin (2)
intermediate
long acting

Back 1

short (4 hours)- lispo, aspart
insulin (~8 hours)
intermediate (8-12 hours)- NPH
long ascting (24 hours) - glargine

Front 2

insulin toxicities (2)

Back 2

hypoglycemia, hypersensitivity (very rare)

Front 3

Tolbutamide mech, toxicity

Back 3

1st generation sulfonylurea

induces insulin secretion by closing K+ channel on beta islet cell (increases Ca influx)

disulfiram-like reaction

Front 4

Chlorpropamide mech, toxicity

Back 4

1st generation sulfonylurea

induces insulin secretion by closing K+ channel on beta islet cell, causing Ca influx

disulfiram-like rxn

Front 5

Glyburide mech, toxicities (2), 2 contraindications

Back 5

2nd generation sulfonylurea

stimulates insulin release by closing K+ channel on beta islet cell, causing increased Ca influx

hypogylcemia
sulfa allergy
contraindicated in renal failure, elderly

Front 6

Glipizide

Back 6

2nd generation sulfonylurea

stimulates insulin release by closing K+ channels on beta islet cell membrance, causing Ca influx

hypoglycemia
sulfa allergy

Front 7

Glimepiride mech, toxicities (2)

Back 7

2nd generation sulfonylurea

stimulates insulin release by closing K+ channel on beta islet cells, which causes Ca influx

Front 8

Metformin mech, toxicities (2) contraindications (4)

Back 8

biguanide, mech unknown but increases gluconeogenesis and increases sensitivity to insulin

lactic acidosis, hepatotoxicity

contraindicated in renal failure, hepatic damage, cardiac damage

Front 9

Pioglitazone mech, toxicities (3), contraindication

Back 9

binds PPAR-gamma and activates the transcriptional regulator. increases insulin sensitivity and adiponectin

fluid retention/edema, weight gain, hepatotoxicity

contraindicated in CHF patients (due to fluid retention)

Front 10

Rosiglitazone mech, toxicities (3), contraindication

Back 10

activates PPAR-gamma, causes increased insulin sensitivity and adiponectin

fluid retention/edema, weight gain, hepatotoxicity

contraindicated in CHF because of fluid retention

Front 11

Acarbose mech, use, toxicity

Back 11

inhibits intestinal brush border alpha-glucosidase (to decrease carb absorption)
-can be used as monotherapy! best for post-prandial hyperglycemia
GI distress

Front 12

Miglitol mech, use, toxicity

Back 12

brush border alpha-glucosidase inhibitor (decreases carb absorption)

can be used as DM monotherapy! best for post-prandial hypoglycemia

GI distress

Front 13

Pramlintide mech, toxicities (3)

Back 13

decreases glucagon

Nausea
Diarrhea
Hypoglycemia

Front 14

Exanatide mech, toxicities (2)

Back 14

GLP-1 analog
increases insulin
decreases glucagon

Pancreatitis
N/V

Front 15

what is treatment of choice for gestational DM?

Back 15

insulin

Front 16

Propylthiouracil
mech, use
toxicities (3)

Back 16

inhibit peroxidase
use for hyperthyroidism

skin rash, aplastic anemia, agranulocytosis

Front 17

Methimazole mech, uses, toxicities (4)

Back 17

blocks peroxidase (inhibits organification of iodide and coupling of thyroid hormone synthesis like Propylthiouracil)

hyperthryoidism

skin rash, aplastic anemia, agranulocytosis, teratogen

Front 18

Levothyroxine use (2), toxicity

Back 18

hypothyroidism, myxedema

hyperthyroid effects

Front 19

Triiodothryonine use (2), toxicity

Back 19

hypothyroidism, myxedema

hyperthyroid effects

Front 20

GH uses (2)

Back 20

GH deficiency, Turner's syndrome

Front 21

Octreotide uses

Back 21

Acromegaly, VIPoma, gastrinoma, carcinoid syndrome, glucagonoma

Front 22

Methimazole mech, uses, toxicities (4)

Back 22

blocks peroxidase (inhibits organification of iodide and coupling of thyroid hormone synthesis like Propylthiouracil)

hyperthryoidism

skin rash, aplastic anemia, agranulocytosis, teratogen

Front 23

Levothyroxine use (2), toxicity

Back 23

hypothyroidism, myxedema

hyperthyroid effects

Front 24

Triiodothryonine use (2), toxicity

Back 24

hypothyroidism, myxedema

hyperthyroid effects

Front 25

GH uses (2)

Back 25

GH deficiency, Turner's syndrome

Front 26

Octreotide uses (5)

Back 26

Acromegaly, VIPoma, gastrinoma, carcinoid syndrome, glucagonoma

Front 27

Oxytocin uses (3)

Back 27

controls uterine hemorrhage, stimulates contraction and labor, lets milk down

Front 28

Demeclocycline mech, use, toxicities (3)

Back 28

ADH antagonist (is a member of tetracycline family)

SIADH

photosensitivity
stained teeth
Nephrogenic DI

Front 29

Beclomethasone mech, uses, toxicities

Back 29

glucocorticoid (prednisone, triamcinolone, dexamethasone, hydrocortisone same)

inhibits prostaglandins A2 and Cox-2

Addison's Disease, inflammation, immune suppression, asthma

Iatrogenic Cushing's Syndrome, adrenal insufficiency if stop after chronic use

Front 30

Cushing's syndrome change in:
bone
GI
skeletal muscle
skin
metabolism

Back 30

bone - osteoporosis
GI - peptic ulcers
skeletal muscle- muscle wasting
skin - atrophy, easy bruising
metabolism - diabetes if chronic use