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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Vimentin stains
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connective tissue (sarcomas)
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Desmin stains
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Muscle (rhabdomyosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma)
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GFAP stains
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neuroglia
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Neurofilaments stain
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neurons (PNET tumors, adrenal neuroblastoma)
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are mature teratomas malignant in men or women?
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men
(I don't want teeth in my balls, especially because they are malignant in my gender) |
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tuberous sclerosis neoplasms (3)
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cardiac rhabdomyoma
astrocytoma angiomyolipoma |
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irradiation can cause what cancers (2)
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sarcoma
papillary thyroid cancer |
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achalasia cancer association
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squamous cell carinoma of esophagus
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Sjigrens syndrome cancer risk
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B cell lymphoma
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ataxia-telangectasia cancer risk
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lymphomas, acute leukemias
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tuberous sclerosis neoplasms (3)
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cardiac rhabdomyoma
astrocytoma angiomyolipoma |
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irradiation can cause what cancers (2)
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sarcoma
papillary thyroid cancer |
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achalasia cancer association
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squamous cell carinoma of esophagus
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Sjigrens syndrome cancer risk
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B cell lymphoma
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ataxia-telangectasia cancer risk
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lymphomas, acute leukemias
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pseudo-rosette in adrenal tumor is
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Neuroblastoma
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what are the oncogenes that are tyrosine kinases? (3)
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Abl
Erb-B2 ret |
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what oncogene is a GTPase
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RAS
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what oncogene is an antiapoptotic molecule
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bcl-2
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DPC vs DCC cancers
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DPC deleted in Pancreatic cancer, DCC in colon cancer
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CEA marker for (3)
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GI cancers (colon, Pancreas, gastric)
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tuberous sclerosis pt with elevated S-100?
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astrocytoma (S-100 for astrocytomas, neural tumors, melanoma)
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Bombesin is tumor marker for
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Neuroblastoma
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4 tumors that can cause hypercalcemia
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(by PTHrp or other factors)
renal cell carcinoma squamous cell carcinoma breast carcinoma MM |
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3 classes of alkylating anticancer drugs
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nitrosoureas
cyclophosphamide busulfan |
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what antihelminth interferes with microtubules?
antfungal? antigout? anticancer (2)? |
antihelminth- mebendazole
antifungal- griseofulvin antigout- colchicine anticancer- vincristine/blastine (destabilize), taxols (stabilize) |
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what changes can occur with corticosteroids:
skin: eyes: cardio: CNS: GI: |
skin: acne
eyes: cataracts cardio: HTN CNS: insomnia, psychosis GI: peptic ulcers |
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4 neutrophil chemotactic factors
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Il-8
C5a kallikrein LTB4 |
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what is unhappy triad
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MCL
ACL usually Lateral meniscus (can be medial as well) |
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low impact distal radius fx in elderly indicates
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osteoporosis (colles fx)
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is pulsatile PTH bone building or bone resorbing?
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bone building (can use Teriparatide to combat osteoporosis)
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worst problem with bisphosphonates?
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corrosive esophagitis (must stay upright after taking drug)
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erlenmeyer flask bones with pancytopenia and infections?
what is defect? what cell is defective? |
osteopetrosis
get pancytopenia because thickened bones (but weaker) decrease bone medullary size defect in CARBONIC ANHYDRASE II OSTEOCLASTIC dysfxn |
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in paget's, is there initially osteoblastic or clastic activity?
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initially osteoclastic acitivity, then osteoblastic activity
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osteitis fibrosa cystica is another name for
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hyperparathyroidism (will see reabsorption around periosteal region of finger bones, brown tumors)
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Fibrous dysplasia of bones
cafe au lait spots short stature |
McCune Albright syndrome
(bone replaced by fibroblasts, collagen, irregular bony trabeculae) |
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what bone tumor do you see pseudorosettes in?
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Ewing's
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rheumatoid arthritis is what type hypersensitivity
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type III
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what is HLA association with rheumatoid arthritis?
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HLA-D4
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why does alcohol exacerbate gout
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competes for same excretion sites in kidney as uric acid
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what is composition of pseudogout particles?
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calcium pyrophosphate
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if cartilege of knee has calcium deposits in it, it is diagnostic for
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condrocalcinosis
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ketorolac is a
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NSAID
"pt has gout, doc looked at him NSAID give 'em ketorolac" |
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hydroxychloroquine can be used for
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SLE
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tibial subcutaneous inflammation, hyperuricemia, hypercalcemia is
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Sarcoidosis (see bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, can see with rheumatoid arthritis, uveitis, gamma globulinemia)
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a red, raised rash on the knuckles would indicate what disease and associated antibody finding?
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Dermatomyositis
Anti-Jo-1 (also seen with polymyositis, Jo's got the polymyo) |
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diffuse scleroderma ab
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anti-scl70 = anti-topoisomerase I ab
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fbromyalgia:
pharmacologic intervention? non? |
is point tenderness in 11/18 spots
pharmacologic intervention: amitryptiline fluoxetine milnacipran (SNRI) sleep very helpful exercise and stress reduction (think of things that would help stressed out step 1 studiers) |
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most common soft tissue tumor of childhood
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rhabdomyosarcoma
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parakeratotic scaling
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psoriasis
parakeratotic- nuclei still in stratum corneum scaling with increased thickness of the stratum spinosum (4th layer down), decreased thickness of stratum granulosum (3rd layer down) |
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scalded skin syndrome dstroys keratin attachment in what layer
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stratum granulosum
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pneumonic for steven-johnson's
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seizure, sulfa, cillins
and allopurinol |
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pruritic, purple, polygonal papules associated with what infection
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Lichen Planus
associated with Hep C |
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acanthosis nigricans is hyperplasia of what layer
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stratum spinosum
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red ulcerative lesion vs. shiny rolled papule with central ulceration
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red ulcerative lesion= squamous cell carcinoma
shiny rolled papule with central ulceration= basal cell carcinoma |
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3 uses for N-acetylcysteine
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acetaminophen overdose
prevents IV contrast nephropathy mucolytic |
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what is mechanism of acetaminophen? main action where?
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it REVERSIBLY inhibits cyclooxygenase
acts mostly in CNS (sounlike aspirin/NSAIDs, is not an anti-inflammatory) |
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hyperkeratosis and koilocytosis seen in
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verrucae (warts) of HPV
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skin nodule with pseudopalisading nuclei is
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basal cell carcinoma
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keratin filled cyst on skin nodule
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subhorric keratosis
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silver staining in neurons indicates
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pick bodies
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