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61 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Vimentin stains
connective tissue (sarcomas)
Desmin stains
Muscle (rhabdomyosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma)
GFAP stains
neuroglia
Neurofilaments stain
neurons (PNET tumors, adrenal neuroblastoma)
are mature teratomas malignant in men or women?
men

(I don't want teeth in my balls, especially because they are malignant in my gender)
tuberous sclerosis neoplasms (3)
cardiac rhabdomyoma
astrocytoma
angiomyolipoma
irradiation can cause what cancers (2)
sarcoma
papillary thyroid cancer
achalasia cancer association
squamous cell carinoma of esophagus
Sjigrens syndrome cancer risk
B cell lymphoma
ataxia-telangectasia cancer risk
lymphomas, acute leukemias
tuberous sclerosis neoplasms (3)
cardiac rhabdomyoma
astrocytoma
angiomyolipoma
irradiation can cause what cancers (2)
sarcoma
papillary thyroid cancer
achalasia cancer association
squamous cell carinoma of esophagus
Sjigrens syndrome cancer risk
B cell lymphoma
ataxia-telangectasia cancer risk
lymphomas, acute leukemias
pseudo-rosette in adrenal tumor is
Neuroblastoma
what are the oncogenes that are tyrosine kinases? (3)
Abl
Erb-B2
ret
what oncogene is a GTPase
RAS
what oncogene is an antiapoptotic molecule
bcl-2
DPC vs DCC cancers
DPC deleted in Pancreatic cancer, DCC in colon cancer
CEA marker for (3)
GI cancers (colon, Pancreas, gastric)
tuberous sclerosis pt with elevated S-100?
astrocytoma (S-100 for astrocytomas, neural tumors, melanoma)
Bombesin is tumor marker for
Neuroblastoma
4 tumors that can cause hypercalcemia
(by PTHrp or other factors)

renal cell carcinoma
squamous cell carcinoma
breast carcinoma
MM
3 classes of alkylating anticancer drugs
nitrosoureas

cyclophosphamide

busulfan
what antihelminth interferes with microtubules?
antfungal?
antigout?
anticancer (2)?
antihelminth- mebendazole
antifungal- griseofulvin
antigout- colchicine
anticancer- vincristine/blastine (destabilize), taxols (stabilize)
what changes can occur with corticosteroids:
skin:
eyes:
cardio:
CNS:
GI:
skin: acne
eyes: cataracts
cardio: HTN
CNS: insomnia, psychosis
GI: peptic ulcers
4 neutrophil chemotactic factors
Il-8
C5a
kallikrein
LTB4
what is unhappy triad
MCL
ACL
usually Lateral meniscus (can be medial as well)
low impact distal radius fx in elderly indicates
osteoporosis (colles fx)
is pulsatile PTH bone building or bone resorbing?
bone building (can use Teriparatide to combat osteoporosis)
worst problem with bisphosphonates?
corrosive esophagitis (must stay upright after taking drug)
erlenmeyer flask bones with pancytopenia and infections?

what is defect?
what cell is defective?
osteopetrosis

get pancytopenia because thickened bones (but weaker) decrease bone medullary size

defect in CARBONIC ANHYDRASE II

OSTEOCLASTIC dysfxn
in paget's, is there initially osteoblastic or clastic activity?
initially osteoclastic acitivity, then osteoblastic activity
osteitis fibrosa cystica is another name for
hyperparathyroidism (will see reabsorption around periosteal region of finger bones, brown tumors)
Fibrous dysplasia of bones
cafe au lait spots
short stature
McCune Albright syndrome

(bone replaced by fibroblasts, collagen, irregular bony trabeculae)
what bone tumor do you see pseudorosettes in?
Ewing's
rheumatoid arthritis is what type hypersensitivity
type III
what is HLA association with rheumatoid arthritis?
HLA-D4
why does alcohol exacerbate gout
competes for same excretion sites in kidney as uric acid
what is composition of pseudogout particles?
calcium pyrophosphate
if cartilege of knee has calcium deposits in it, it is diagnostic for
condrocalcinosis
ketorolac is a
NSAID

"pt has gout, doc looked at him NSAID give 'em ketorolac"
hydroxychloroquine can be used for
SLE
tibial subcutaneous inflammation, hyperuricemia, hypercalcemia is
Sarcoidosis (see bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, can see with rheumatoid arthritis, uveitis, gamma globulinemia)
a red, raised rash on the knuckles would indicate what disease and associated antibody finding?
Dermatomyositis

Anti-Jo-1 (also seen with polymyositis, Jo's got the polymyo)
diffuse scleroderma ab
anti-scl70 = anti-topoisomerase I ab
fbromyalgia:
pharmacologic intervention?

non?
is point tenderness in 11/18 spots

pharmacologic intervention:
amitryptiline
fluoxetine
milnacipran (SNRI)

sleep very helpful
exercise and stress reduction
(think of things that would help stressed out step 1 studiers)
most common soft tissue tumor of childhood
rhabdomyosarcoma
parakeratotic scaling
psoriasis

parakeratotic- nuclei still in stratum corneum

scaling with increased thickness of the stratum spinosum (4th layer down), decreased thickness of stratum granulosum (3rd layer down)
scalded skin syndrome dstroys keratin attachment in what layer
stratum granulosum
pneumonic for steven-johnson's
seizure, sulfa, cillins

and allopurinol
pruritic, purple, polygonal papules associated with what infection
Lichen Planus

associated with Hep C
acanthosis nigricans is hyperplasia of what layer
stratum spinosum
red ulcerative lesion vs. shiny rolled papule with central ulceration
red ulcerative lesion= squamous cell carcinoma

shiny rolled papule with central ulceration= basal cell carcinoma
3 uses for N-acetylcysteine
acetaminophen overdose
prevents IV contrast nephropathy
mucolytic
what is mechanism of acetaminophen? main action where?
it REVERSIBLY inhibits cyclooxygenase

acts mostly in CNS (sounlike aspirin/NSAIDs, is not an anti-inflammatory)
hyperkeratosis and koilocytosis seen in
verrucae (warts) of HPV
skin nodule with pseudopalisading nuclei is
basal cell carcinoma
keratin filled cyst on skin nodule
subhorric keratosis
silver staining in neurons indicates
pick bodies