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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Intelligence |
Ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use our knowledge to adapt to new situations |
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Factor Analysis |
Statistical procedure conducted to identify clusters or groups of related items called factors on a test |
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Reification |
Viewing something abstract as real |
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Savant Syndrome |
Syndrome where someone has limited mental ability but has an exceptional specific skill |
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Autism |
Neurological disorder where individual has a lack of social interaction, communication, and common behaviours |
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Spearman's General Intelligence |
2 factors: G Factor: general ability S Factor: specific ability |
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Gardner's Multiple Intelligences |
9 intelligences (visual, spatial, verbal, logical/mathematical, kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalist |
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Sternberg's Triarchy Theory |
Analytical, Creative, and street smarts |
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Emotional intelligence |
Ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions |
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Alfred Binet |
French psychologist who was the inventor of the first usable intelligence test |
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Aptitude test |
Test intended to predict your ability to learn a new skill and emphasize innate ability |
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Achievement test |
Intended to reflect what you have already learned. |
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Standardization |
Consistency and objectivity of how tests are administered and scored |
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Reliabilty |
The extent to which a test is consistent in its measures |
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Validity |
How well a test measures what it is intended to measure |
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Content Validity |
How well a test represents the facets of a construct |
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Percentile System |
A ranking of test scores that indicates the ratio of scores lower and higher than a given score |
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Flynn effect |
The fact that test scores have risen steadily on average over the last 60 years |
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Down syndrome |
When a person has an extra 21st chromosome, causing them to be cognitively disabled |
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Stereotype threat |
Self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype |
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Personality/projective tests |
Tests that aim to predict how well a test-taker will perform in a given situation |
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TAT test |
Projective test that involves 20 cards containing pictures of suggestive situations, subject is asked to tell a story about a picture |
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MMPI (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory) |
Used to identify emotional disorders |
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CPI (California Public Inventory) |
434 true-false questions that measure personality and behaviour |
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Myers-Briggs test |
A questionnaire that measures psychological preferences in how people perceive the world and make decisions |
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Rorschach Inkblot Test |
Inkblots are shown and subjects are asked what they see, test states that what they see reflects inner feelings and conflicts |
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Cognitive Psychologists |
People who study how we create concepts, solve problems, make decisions, and form judgements |
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Concepts |
Mental categories used to organize events and objects |
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Prototype |
A model of a concept (to typify members within a particular category) |
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Convergent thinking |
Logical attempt to reach a goal, such as a solution to a problem |
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Divergent thinking |
Free flow of thoughts with no plan and depends more on images |
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Metacognition |
The awareness of one's own cognitive processes |
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Algorithm |
A set of step-by-step procedures that provides the correct answer to a particular problem |
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Heuristics |
Simple thinking strategies that allow us to make judgements and solve problems |
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Representative heuristic |
Judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent or match a particular category |
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Availability heuristic |
Rule-of--thumb that judges the likelihood of things in terms of their availability in memory |
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Anchoring heuristic |
Making decisions based on certain ideas or standards |
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Recombination |
Mentally rearranging the elements of a problem to arrive at an original solution |
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Insight |
A sudden novel realization of a solution to a problem |
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Realization |
When insight strikes, activating the right temporal cortex |
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Confirmation bias |
Tendency to search for info confirming ones own notions |
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Fixation |
Inability to see a problem from a fresh perspective |
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Mental set |
Tendency to approach situations the same way because that worked in the past |
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Functional fixedness |
Inability to imagine new functions for familiar objects |
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Overconfidence |
Overestimating the accuracy of our beliefs and judgements |
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Belief perseverance phenomenon |
When someone beliefs continue despite being discredited |
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Belief bias |
When people use their beliefs, rather than logic, to answer a question |
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Framing decision |
The way an issue is proposed and how it affects decisions and judgements |
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Phoneme |
Smallest units of sound in human language, such as consonants and vowels |
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Morphene |
Smallest unit of meaning in a given language, such as prefix or suffix |
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Semantics |
Study of meanings through the relationship of words, how they are used, and how they are said |
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Syntax |
Rules that specify how words should be ordered in a sentence to make the sentence meaningful |
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Telegraphic speech |
Before the 2nd year, a child starts to speak in two-word sentences |