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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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when they ask for a gene |
they are talking about mRNA so the technique is northern blot |
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adenoviruses outbreaks ocurrs where |
small outbreaks among individuals living together in close quarter (military barracks or camp dormitories) |
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when an old pt with pulmonary edema that has developed hearing problems what drug is that patient taking |
loop diurectics like furosemide |
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during a thyroidectomy when branch is affected |
the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve. the nerve that innervates the cricothyroid muscle |
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state the results of an pulmonary fuction test for a copd pt and emphysema |
decrease FEV1/FVC, increase TLC & RV |
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In 17 a-hydroxylase deficieny what is phenotypical presentation in boys and girls. |
boys when born look like girls (but lack internal female genitalia) and girls develop normal internal and external genitalia but look like boys during puberty (impaired synthesis of sex hormones prevents the development of secondary sexual characteristics in both sexes and prevents menarche in females). |
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clostridium difficile infection (CDI) can be tto with first line tto of oral metronidazol and vancomycin, however if the pt have recurrent CDI what is the tto |
fidaxomicin marcolide bacteriocidal with minimal systemic absorption |
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Hyperthyroidism causes a hyperadrenergic state with hypertension, tachycardia, affective sx, fatigue, tremore, heat intolerance , weight loss and exophthlamos. what drug can help with all except exophthalmos? |
propanolol |
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name the antidotal tto against cyanide toxicity (nitroprusside) and the 3 different strategies. that direct binding of cyanide ions |
direct cyanide ion binding- hydroxocobalamin inductionof methemoglobinemia- sodium nitrite detoxifying sulfur donors- sodium thiosulfate |
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cox 1 normal moa is |
stimulating constitutive prostaglandins that causes only physiologic functions gastric mucosal protection incr renal perfusion platelet aggregation |
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cox2 nml moa |
causes inducible prostaglandins that have both physiologic functions incr renal perfusion angiogensis tissue repair pathologic fun incr pain sensitivity inflammation |
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arachidonic acid produces both |
cox 1 and 2 |
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cox 2 drug celecoxib decreases? |
inflammation and has no effect on cox 1 therefore no affect on gastroduodenal tissue |
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what disease has an autosomal recessive inheritance and a defect in the gene that codes for the "ATM" gene. note this gene plays a role in what |
Ataxia-telangiectasia DNA break |
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what are the SE of methotrexate |
stomatitis (painful mouth ulcers) hepatotoxicity (incre alt, als, hepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis) more severe myelosuppression increased risk for opportunistic inf: b-cell lymphomas, pulmonary fibrosis |
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can you give pregnant women methotrexate? why? |
no becauses it inhibit the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase and blocks folinic acid synthesis (folic defiency) |
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to dx cystic fibrosis why do they have to do a sweat test |
in sweat glands, abnormal CFTR function causes reduced luminal salt absp which lead to the produciton of hypertonic sweat with high chloride content |
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what is the pathogenesis of cf |
impaired functioning of the cftr transmembrane protein in respiratory, gastric, sweat glands in the gut, this impaired cftr transmembran protein reduces luminal cl secreation and incr sodium and net water absp->dehydrated mucus and more neg transepithelial potential difference. |
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young man with impaired balance, tremor, difficulty speaking, no hep, drugs, alcohol, tobacco, brother died of neur dz. what is a beneficial dx |
boy has wilsons dz dx:kayser-fleischer rings on slit lamp examination |
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after surgical procedure then experiences fever, and muscle rigidity, muscle stiffness and cyanotic skin mottling |
malignant hyperthermia where excessive intracellular calcium release in skeletal mus |
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in addition to bells palsy pt may also experience what |
decreased tearing hypercusis loss of taste sensation over the anterior 2/3 of tongue |
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decribes what happens to creatinine levels 1. nml gfr 2. decre gfr 3. 1/2 gfr |
1. creatinine nml 2. incr creatinine 3. doubles creatinine |
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pt with COPD have high pCO2 (hypercapnia) what kind of response are they going to have in the brain? |
PCO2 is a potent cerebral vasodilator that decreases cerebral vascular resistance which will lead to increased cerebral perfusion and increased intracranial pressue. |
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tetralogy of fallot due to anterior and cephalad deviation of the infundibular septum--> VSD so what is the main embryologic disfunction |
VSD: deviation of the interventricular septum |
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neonate abstinence syndrom withdrawal from opiates sx onset tto |
crying, tremores, tachypnea, sneezing, irritability, diarrhea, jittery mvmt onset depends on drug heroin 1-2 days opiate replacement methadone |
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pan |
segmental, transmural, necrotizing inflammation (results in ischemia, infarction, hemorrhage) of medium- to- sm sized arteries such as vessels of kidneys, heart, liver, gastrointestinal tract |
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anorexia nervosa what are its affects on hormones |
low LH, FSH, estradiol, estrone |
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group a streptococci can invade better and resist antibiotic if what substance is added to it? |
protein M |
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what is protein M |
major virulence factor for strep pyogenes it inhibits phagocytosis and complement activation, mediates bacterial adherence, and is the target of type specific humoral immunity to s. pyogenes |
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a picture with a damaged ventric showing chordae tendinea--> |
valvular inflammation and scarring predispose to infective endocarditis whic is cahracterized grossly and on an echocardiogram by the presence of valvular vegetations. |
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a woman with vision issue, and menstral irregularity is a |
prolactoma that produces prolactin from the lactotroph cells. |
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common peroneal nerve injury |
dt trauma to the leg near the head of the fibula signs of foot drop resulting in a steppage gait. |
