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27 Cards in this Set

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  • Back
What can cause avulsion fractures of the hip bone?
caused from sports requiring sudden acceleration or deceleration forces like sprinting or kicking in football or soccer, hurdle umping etc...
What can occur during avulsion fractures of the hip bone?
A small part of bone with a piece of a tendon or ligament attached is avulsed/torn occurs at apophyses (bony projections) that lack secondary ossifications centers. Avulsions fractures occur where muscles at attached ASIS, AIIS,, ischial tuberosities and ischiopubic rami
At what sites can avulsion fractures of the hp bone occur?
Avulsions fractures occur where muscles at attached ASIS, AIIS,, ischial tuberosities and ischiopubic rami
What are some conditions for hip fractures?
older age and sex usually females secondary to osteoporosis
What part of the femur is commonly fractured?
Neck of the femur since it is the narrowest part and weakest part and since it lies at a marked anfle to the line of weight bearing
What are two examples of the proximal femur fractures?
What are they a result of?
transcervical (middle of neck) and intertrochanteric. Result from indirect trauma like stumbling or stepping down hard from a step or curb.
What is the result of a femur fracture?
Impaction of the femur which results in foreshortening of the limb
What artery supplies the head of the femur?
medial circumflex femoral artery
What type of trauma results in fractures of the greater trochanter and femoral shaft?
Direct traumas usually falls or hard hits
What are some problems arising from spiral fracture?
you can have foreshortning or the fracture may be comminuted (broken into several pieces) healing/union may take up to a year depending on the severity
What are some problems arising from fractures of the distal femur?
you can have seperation and misalignment of the condyles, hemorrhage caused by the politeal artery and vein
What vein is commonly used for coronary arterial bypass? Why?
Great saphenous vein because it is readily accessible, sufficient distance occurs b/w the tributaries and the perforating veins so that usable length can be harvested and its wall contains higher percentage of muscular and elastic fibers
Is the vein reversed in a saphenous graft? why ?
Yes so that the valves don't obstruct blood flow
Why does removal of the great saphenous vein not cause any problems?
Because there are so many other leg veins
Where can a femoral hernia occur? why? what is the route?
Femoral ring because it is a weak area in the anterior abdominal wall whose size is sufficient to allow herniation to occur usually a small intestine visceral protrusion into the femoral canal and out via the saphenous opening ( usually occurring later)
Where does a femoral hernia usually appear?
A mass often tender in the femoral triangle infrerolateral to the pubic tubercle.
Are femoral hernias more common in males or females
Females
What problem can occur from prolonged femoral herniation?
Strangulation of the femoral hernia which results in the segment of the small intestine arterial supply to be blocked because of the sharp rigid boundaries of the femoral ring particularly the concave margin of the lacunar ligament. This results in the death of the tissue
Where does a hip contusion/hip pointer occur? cause by?
contusion of the iliac crest usually anterior part caused usually by collision sports.
What happens in a contusion?
bleeding from ruptured capillaries and infiltration of blood into muscles, tendons and other soft tissues.
What occurs from a charlie horse? Most common area?
tearing of muscle fibers of the rectus femoris which causes contusion and rupture of blood vessels which can form a hematoma. Quadracept
What muscles are involved in a pulled groin?
muscles of the anteromedial thigh which include flexor and adductor thigh muscles
What type of sports are athletes prone to groin pulls?
Sports that require quick starts like short distance racing, base stealing in baseball and quick starts in basketball.
Why is the femoral artery prone to lacerations? what else is usually lacerated?
Because of the superficial position in the femoral triangle. Femoral vein
If the femoral artery is lacerated what can occur to help compensate for it?
an anteriovenous shunt which is a result of the communication between the inured vessels
If the fermoral artery must be ligated what occurs?
Anastomosis of branches of the femoral artery with other arteries that cross the hip joint may supply blood to the lower limp
What occurs less commonly that described when the femoral artery is ligated?
the cruciate anastomosis consisting of the four way common meeting of the medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries with the inferior gluteal artery superiorly and the first perforating artery inferiorly posterior to the femur