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10 Cards in this Set
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Thermal properties of matter |
Heat capacity is the amount of thermal energy required to raise the temperature of a substance by 1 K. |
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Specific heat capacity is the amount of thermal energy required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of a substance by 1 K. |
Energy transfer during melting Thermal energy is absorbed to break the strong bonds between the particles of the solid ice. Only the internal potential energy of the particles is increased. Since total internal kinetic energy does not increase, the temperature remains constant. |
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Energy transfer during solidification. Strong bonds are formed when particles move close together during freezing. The total internal potential energy of the particles decreases as thermal energy is released and lost to the surrounding. The internal kinetic does not decrease, so temperature remains constant. |
Boling is the process in which the thermal energy is absorbed by as substance changes from liquid state to gaseous state without a change in temperature. Latent heat of vaporization is absorbed during this process |
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Energy transfer of boiling The average kinetic energy of the molecules increases. The temperature remains at 100 as the thermal energy supplied is used to separate the water molecules, as well as provide energy for the molecules to push back on the surroundings to escape to the air. |
Condensation is the process in which the thermal energy is taken away from a substance changes it from gaseous state to liquid state without a change in temperature. It releases latent heat of vaporization during this process. |
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Latent heat is the energy released or absorbed by a substance during a change of state, without a change in the temperature. It is the amount of thermal energy required to change a substance from solid state to liquid state, without a change in temperature. |
Specific latent heat of fusion of a substance is the amount of thermal energy required to change a unit mass of the substance from solid into liquid state without a change in temperature. |
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Latent heat of vaporization is the amount of thermal required to change a substance from liquid state to gaseous state without a change in temperature. |
Specific latent heat of vaporization of a substance is the amount of thermal energy required to change unit mass of the substance from liquid state to gaseous state without a change in temperature. |
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Example of a question: Thermal energy's effect on the molecules in the mass of ice at each stage of heating from -10 to 110. |
From -10 to 0, the ice is in solid state and the thermal energy cause the molecules to vibrate more vigorously as the temperature increases. Melting occurs and the thermal energy absorbed is used to break the bonds between the molecules such that they have greater freedom of motion in the liquid state. |
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From 0 to 100. As the thermal energy is absorbed by the liquid water, the temperature increases. The kinetic energy of the molecule increases and the molecules increases and molecules move more quickly. |
Boiling occurs and the thermal energy is absorbed is used to completely break the intermolecular bonds and provide energy to the molecules to push back on the atmosphere and escape into the air.The thermal energy absorbed is used to raise the temperature of the water vapor molecules, the molecules gain kinetic energy and move with greater speed |
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Evaporation occurs by: Molecules in a liquid are in constant random motion. The more energetic molecules have sufficient energy to overcome the attractive forces due to other molecules to escape from the surface into the atmosphere |
Less energetic molecules are left behind. The average kinetic energy of the molecules decrease and the temperature decreases |
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Factors affect rate of evaporation: Humidity Temperature Surface area Atmosphere pressure Presence of wind Boling point
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