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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Equation for density
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density = mass/volume
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Equation for power
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power = energy transferred / time taken
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What is thermal energy (heat)
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the transfer of energy from hotter to colder as a result of a temperature different
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How do you change from celsius to kelvin
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T (K) = t (C) + 273
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What is an ideal gas
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An ideal gas follows all the gas laws for all the values of P, V and T
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What is a mole
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Basic SI unit for the amount of substance
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What is Avogadro's constant
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Number of atoms in 0.012kg of carbon 12
It is 6.02x10^23 |
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What is molar mass
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The mass of one mole of a substance
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When describing an ideal gas what assumptions do we make
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Newton's laws apply to molecular behaviour
there are no intermolecular forces the molecules are in random motion the collisions between the molecules are elastic (no energy loss) |
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What happens when a molecule bounces off the wall of a container
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• the momentum changes (due to the change in direction momentum is a vector)
• must have been a force on the wall (Newtons 2nd law) • equal and opposite force on the wall from the molecule (Newtons 3rd law) • constant force on the wall due to the gas |
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What is pressure
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the force per unit area
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Equation for pressure
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pressure = force / area
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What happens when you lower the temperature of the molecules
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the molecules will move slower
less kinetic energy |
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What do we think will happen to the molecules at absolute zero
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the molecules to have no kinetic energy
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What is the pressure law
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Constant is Volume
pressure of the gas is proportional to its temperature in kelvin Pressure increases so temperature increases |
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What is Charles Law
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Constant is pressure
volume of the gas is proportional to its temperature in kelvin Volume increases so temperature increases |
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What is Boyle's Law
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Constant is temperature
pressure of the gas is inversely proportional to its volume Pressure decreases so volume increases |
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Define specific heat capacity
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energy required to raise a unit mass of a substance by 1K or 1C
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Define Thermal (heat) capacity
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energy required to raise the temperature by 1K or 1C
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What does the heat capacity of a substance depend on
(3) |
Structure
Bonding Mass |
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What state of a substance does conduction happen
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In solids
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What conducts heat the fastest and why
(3) |
Metals
they have delocalised electrons transfer energy quicker |
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In conduction how does the heat transfer?
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Heat transfers by vibrations of particles passed along from one end to another of the object
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What state of a substance does convection happen
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Liquids and Gases
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What happens to the molecules when you heat a liquid
(2) |
The hotter molecules rise because they are less dense
The molecules gain more kinetic energy |
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State 5 factors that affect evaportation
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• Air flow over the surface
• Temperature of the liquid • Humidity • Air pressure • Surface area of the liquid |
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At what temperature does evaporation happen
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any temperature
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Define temperature
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a measure of the average kinetic energy of molecules in a substance
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Define internal energy
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total energy that the molecules have (potential & kinetic)
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Why do molecules have kinetic energy
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They are moving
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Why do molecules have potential energy
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they have intermolecular forces
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Define thermal equilibrium
(2) |
two or more objects are at the same temperature
no net flow of thermal energy |
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Define Latent heat
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the amount of energy associated with the phase change
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Define specific latent heat
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the amount of energy per unit mass absorbed or released during a change of phase
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What do you call
Solid --> Liquid |
Fusion
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What do you call
Liquid --> Gas |
Vaporization
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When energy is given to molecules what happens to their kinetic energy
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DOES NOT INCREASE
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When energy is given to molecules what happens to their potential energy
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increases
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