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140 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Legislation Related to the Environment:
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1. American's with Disabilities Act (ADA)
2. Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (OBRA) 3. Individual's with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) |
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ADA:
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*civil rights law aimed at allowing full participation in society for people with disabilities
-mandate accessible environments -policies deal with public services, employment, & public accommodations |
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OBRA:
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*mandates that restraints cannot be used without proper justification, agreement, & documentation
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IDEA:
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*mandates that children with disabilities receive education in the least restrictive & most natural environment
-inclusive models=child taught in regular classroom -education must prepare child for independent living & employment environments |
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Rehabilitation Engineers Society of North America:
& National Registry of Rehab. Technology Suppliers: |
aka... RESNA & NRRTS
-both develop standards & measuring tools to ensure proper design...& delivery of rehab. technology -RESNA offers certification for: ..ATPs- Assistive Technology Professionals ..SMSs- Seating & Mobility Specialists |
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Role of OT:
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OTs can advocate for & design environments that use principles of universal design to meet the physical, sensory, sociocultural, & psychological needs of a pt.
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Principles of Universal Design:
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#1- Equitable Use
#2- Flexibility in Use #3- Simple & Intuitive Use #4- Perceptible Information #5- Tolerance for Error #6- Low Physical Effort #7- Size & Space for Approach & Use |
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Universal Design-
Principle #1: |
Equitable Use:
-the design is useful & marketable to people with diverse abilities |
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Universal Design-
Principle #2: |
Flexibility in Use:
-the design accommodates a wide range of individual preferences & abilities |
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Universal Design-
Principle #3: |
Simple & Intuitive Use:
-use of the design is easy to understand, regardless of the user's experience, knowledge, language skills, or current concentration level |
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Universal Design-
Principle #4: |
Perceptible Information:
-the design communicates necessary information effectively to the user, regardless of ambient conditions or the user's sensory abilities |
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Universal Design-
Principle #5: |
Tolerance for Error:
-the design minimizes hazards & the adverse consequences of accidental or unintended actions |
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Universal Design-
Principle #6: |
Low Physical Effort:
-the design can be used efficiently & comfortably & with a minimum of fatigue |
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Universal Design-
Principle #7: |
Size & Space for Approach & Use:
-appropriate size & space is provided for approach, reach, manipulation, & use regardless of user's body size, posture, or mobility |
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Assessment of Sensory Skills:
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tactile to ssess sensation to determine if there is an impairment with discrimination that could influence safety in the manipulation of devices
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Assessment of Visual-Perceptual Processing Skills:
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Minnesota Rate of Manip. Test
-to assess for potential difficulties with computer use |
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Assessment of Musculoskeletal Skills:
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ROM, strength, & endurance
-to assess if the person will be able to physically use the devices to optimal capacity |
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Assessment of Neuromuscular Skills:
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tone & coordination
-to assess the person's ability to utilize all limbs rhythmically in mobility & environmental manipulation |
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Assessment of Cognitive Skills:
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following directions & judgement
-to assess if a person is aware of limitations & able to follow & recall directions regarding operation of assistive technology & wheelchairs & the safe use of devices |
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Assessment of Psychosocial Skills:
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social support
-to assess if an individual with a disability can ask for assistance & obtain needed info. from the right person (to assess the person's ability to give instructions) |
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Interior Railings:
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should be mounted 1 1/2" from wall to ease grasp
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Exterior Railings:
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should be waist high for those who walk
34-38" depending on height |
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Railing Measurements & Texture:
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1 1/2-2" diameter
with nonskid surfaces between 29"-36" high... 32" is average |
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Doorways:
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minimum of 18" needed for those w/ walkers
minimum of 26" needed for those w/ wheelchairs |
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Results of Falls:
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1. fractures
2. increased caution & fear of falling 3. loss of confidence to fx. independently 4. decreased engagement in activity (results in physical deterioration) 5. increased risk of recurrent falls |
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Presbyopia:
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decreased acuity
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Modify Environment to Reduce Falls & Instability-
Use Environmental Checklist: |
1. Adequate lighting
2. Contrasting colors to delineate hazardous areas 3. Simplify environment, reduce clutter 4. Firmly attach carpet 5. Stairs: handrails secure, lights @ top & bottom |
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Specific Safety Guidelines for Fall Prevention:
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1. Ask for assistance to transfer or ambulate
2. Use prescribed assistive devices; keep near always 3. Use prescribed adaptive equipment 4. Stand in place before walking to avoid dizziness 5. Don't bend forward 6. Wear supportive rubber-soled or low heeled shoes 7. Avoid smooth sole slippers or only socks |
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Psychological Support & Interventions for Falls:
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1. Acknowledge validity of concerns
2. Talk about risk factors & active problem solving 3. Modify activites, safe & achievable to inc. confidence 4. Activities to maintain physical conditioning 5. Develop safety plan to use in the event of a fall |
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Interventions for Occurrence of a Fall:
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1. Check for fall injury
2. Check for dizziness 3. Provide reassurance 4. Provide 1st Aid, call 911 if needed 5. Don't attempt to lift pt. alone, get help 6. Solicit witnesses of fall 7. Document incident 8. Refer pt. to fall prevention program to help prevent |
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Potential Fall Injuries:
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1. Hip Fracture: complains of hip pain, esp. when palpated; ER of leg; unable to WB; change in gait or WB
2. Head Injury: loss of consciousness; mental confusion 3. Spinal Cord Injury: loss of sensation or vol. mvmt. *also: cuts, bruises, painful swelling |
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Average Wheelchair Width:
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24"-26" rim to rim
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Minimal clearance width for doorways & halls:
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* 32" doorway width minimum..ideal is 36"
*An additional 26" is needed beside the door to allow for door swing * Hallways should be 36" wide |
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Widening or Removing Doorways:
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* removing doorstops can add 3/4" in width
* replacing hinges with offset hinges can add 1 1/2"-2" in width |
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Average wheelchair length:
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42"-43"
...adequate turning spaces are needed -a 360* wheelchair turning space requires a clearance space of 60"x60" |
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Maximal height person can reach forward from sitting in w/c:
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..is 48"
& at least 15" is needed to prevent tipping |
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Maximal height for reaching sideways:
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..is 48"
& when an obstruction is present, it is 46" |
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Maximal height for countertops is:
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should be 31"
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Parking Spaces:
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should have an adjacent 4' aisle to allow wheelchairs to maneuver
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Measurement of pathways & walkways:
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should be 48" wide
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Ramps-
Width & Ratio: |
*should be minimum of 36" wide w/ nonskid surface
*ratio= for every 1" rise, 12" of ramp (1:12) |
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Ramps-
Railings & Curbs: |
*Railings should be between 29"-36" high..32" is average
*Curbs on ramps should be at least 4" high |
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Ramps-
Level Platforms: |
*must be included in ramp design
*4'x4' Landing if: -ramp is excessively long -pt. has limited UB strength or decreased cardiopul. cap. *If sharp turn in direction of ramp: - 90* turn needs 4'x4' landing - 190* turn needs 4'x8' landing |
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Ramps-
If the ramp leads to a door: |
... there must be a 5'x5' platform before the door
...platform must extend at least 12" (18" is preferred) along the side of the door to allow for door swing w/o backing up |
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Alternatives to Ramps:
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electric porch lifts
stair lifts |
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Funding for Environmental Modifications-
If modifications enable pt. to go to work or school, the following will pay for home & work modifications: |
* State One-Stop Centers
* Vocational & Educational Services for Individuals with Disabilities (VESID) * Offices for Vocational Rehab. (OVRs) * Divisions of Vocational Rehab. (DVRs) (VESID, OVRs, & DVRs will pay for ATDs & EADLs under same conditions.) |
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Funding for Environmental Modifications-
Others: |
* Private companies will fund mods. to ensure ADA compliance
* Private Insurance, Medicare, Medicaid, & Worker's Comp. will possibly reimburse for certain services/adaptations (both will pay for ATDs & EADLs under same conditions.) |
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Wheelchair Characteristics Considered in Assessment-
Wheelchair Types Available: |
1. Control Mechanism: types of brakes used, use of anti-tippers
2. Features: lap tray, cushion, backpack, racing model 3. Propulsion Method: one arm drive, hand rim projections, motorized, lower extremities to propel |
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General Wheelchair Components:
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1. armrests
2. legrests 3. footplates 4. tires 5. casters 6. frame |
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Wheelchair Components-
Armrests: |
1. Fixed: minimal benefit
2. Detached: helpful for transfers 3. Height Adjustable: transfer ease & lap tray support 4. Desk Arms: allow move closer to work surfaces 5. Full Arms: hold lap tray & transfer ease 6. Wraparound: space savers, reduce chair width by 1" |
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Wheelchair Components-
Legrests: |
1. Fixed: minimal benefit
2. Swing-Away: allows feet on floor for transfers & for a front approach 3. Detachable: allows safe path for transfers 4. Elevating: edema control |
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Wheelchair Components-
Footplates: |
1. Fixed: minimal benefit
2. Swing-Away: allows feet to reach floor 3. Heel Loops: prevent foot slip posteriorly off ft. rest 4. Ankle Straps: prevent slipping off footrest |
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Wheelchair Components-
Tires: |
1. Pneumatic: air-filled, req. maintenance, more cushioned ride, shock absorbent
2. Semi-Pneumatic: airless foam inserts, less maintenance, good cushioning 3. Solid-Core Rubber: minimal maintenance, tires are mounted on spoked or molded wheels |
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Wheelchair Components-
Casters: |
1. Smaller ones facilitate maneuverability
2. Pneumatic & semi-pneumatic types available, but solid-core are bet for indoors & smooth surfaces 3. Caster locks can be added for increased stability during transfers |
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Wheelchair Components-
Frame: |
1. Fixed: minimal benefit; seen in older chairs or sports chairs
2. Folding: eases storage & facilitates mobility in community as it can fold to fit in car or van |
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Wheelchair Components-
Frame...Weight: |
-ultra-light
-active-duty lightweight -lightweight -standard -heavy duty *The lighter the weight, generally the greater the ease of use. * Demands of person's expected & desired activities must be considered. |
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Anti-tippers:
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prevent wheelchair from tipping backward or forward
-can get caught on doorsills & curbs |
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Seatbelts:
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for safety during mobility & fxl. activities
-attach at hip level not waist level -extend across hips & into lap at 45* angle |
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Harnessess:
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to position a person lacking sufficient trunk control
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Arm Troughs:
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to position & support a flaccid upper extremity & prevent edema thru elevation
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Lapboards:
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can serve same purpose as an arm trough
are also beneficial as a working "table top" surface |
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Head Supports:
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allow for improved eye contact, communication, & feeding assistance
head kept neutral |
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Mobile Arm Supports:
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allow for use of an upper extremity with proximal weakness to engage in feeding & other activities
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Brake Extensions:
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allow a person with limited range in one UE to independently manipulate the w/c brakes
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Handrim Projections:
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ease independent propulsion in persons with weak handgrip
-these increase the width of the chair & can decrease mobility thru narrow doors & spaces |
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Hillholder Devices:
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allow the w/c to move forward but automatically brake when chair goes backward
-useful for persons who are unable to ascend a long ramp or hill without a rest |
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Seat Width Measurement:
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- measure widest point of hips/thighs, then add 2"
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Seat Depth Measurement:
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- measure from posterior portion of buttocks to the popliteal fossa & then subtract 2"
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Back Height Measurement:
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- measure from seat surface & depending on trunk control, to...
1. mid-back under scapula, & subtract 1-2 inches 2. mid-scapular or axilla 3. top of shoulder *lower back height can incr. fxl. mob. (sports chairs)..but incr. back strain too *higher back height may prevent weight shifting, & fitting in a car |
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Seat Height Measurement:
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-knees & ankles at 90*, measure from dist. thigh to heel
-standard height: 19.5" -hemi height: 17.5" -super low: 14.5" -footrests should have 2" clearance from floor...cushion chosen will affect this measurement |
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Armrest Height Measurement:
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-elbows at 90*, measure under elbow to cushioned seat
*armrests that are too low will encourage leaning forward *armrests that are too high will cause shoulder elevation |
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Seat Width, Depth, & Height-
Adult Chair: |
18"x16"x20"
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Seat Width, Depth, & Height-
Narrow Adult Chair: |
16"x16"x20"
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Seat Width, Depth, & Height-
Slim Adult Chair: |
14"x16"x20"
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Seat Width, Depth, & Height-
Junior Chair: |
16"x16"x18.5"
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Seat Width, Depth, & Height-
Child Chair: |
14"x11.5"x18.75"
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Seat Width, Depth, & Height-
Tiny Tot: |
12"x11.5"x19.5"
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Bariatric Wheelchairs:
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*rear axle is displaced forward, allows for more efficient arm push (full arm stroke w/ less wrist extension)
*Special Adaptations: -hard tires for increased durability -adjustable backrest (for posterior bulk) -reclining w/c (for anterior bulk & cardioresp. issues like orthostatic hypotension) -power application (for excessive fatigue) |
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Reclining Back:
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for those unable to independently maintain an upright sitting position
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Tilt-in-Space:
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for pressure relief
or for severe extensor spasms that may throw person out of chair |
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Recreational:
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designed with large thick inner tube type tires & large front casters for all terain use
..sand, mud, snow, off-road surfaces |
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Sports:
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esp. designed for racing, cycling, basketball
typically ultra-lightweight |
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Stander:
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designed to enable a person to independently change seat height or elevate to a standing position
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Stair-Climbing:
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designed to navigate stairs while balancing on 2 wheels using sensors & gyroscopes
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Bariatric Wheelchair:
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heavy-futy, extra-wide wheelchair
designed to assist in mobility for individuals who are obese |
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Wheelchair Mobility Training-
Instruct in wheelchair propulsion: |
ex.) manual, joystick, head control, sip & puff
*use w/c gloves to ease propulsion & protect hands *compensation techniques (use feet) |
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Instruct in how to Maneuver Wheelchair in Community:
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1. Practice in natural environments is essential
-ascend & decend inclines -negotiate lips & curbs (how to pop a wheelie) -negotiate obstacles |
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Assessment Considerations for Seating & Positioning:
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1st pelvis should be evaluated
2nd LEs 3rd trunk 4th UEs 5th head & neck 6th feet -as stability is required prior to mobility & proximal control allows for better distal function |
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Basic styles of seating-
general: |
1. Linear
2. Contoured/ or custom-contoured |
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Basic Styles of seating-
Linear: |
1. flat, non-contoured
2. custom or factory-ordered 3. firm, rigid seating 4. good for active pts., those who perform independent transfers or with minimal musculoskeletal involvement |
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Basic Styles of seating-
Contoured/ Custom-Contoured: |
1. ergonomically supports person
2. enhances postural alignment 3. decreases abnormal posturing 4. provides pressure relief 5. may be difficult for indep. transfers if decreasedd UE strength 6. good for those with mod.-sev. CNS dysfx. or neuro. disease |
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Styles & Accessories of Seating-
Solid wood insert: |
-prevents hammock effect
-provides solid base of support |
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Styles & Accessories of Seating-
Solid seat: |
-prevents hammock effect
-provides stable base of support -easy to remove -can lower seat to floor height |
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Styles & Accessories of Seating-
lumbar back support: |
-helps to give proper lumbar curve
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Styles & Accessories of Seating-
foam cushions: |
(of various densities)
-can enhance sitting posture & comfort |
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Styles & Accessories of Seating-
contoured foam cushion: |
enhances pelvic & LE alignment
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Styles & Accessories of Seating-
Pressure Relief Cushions: |
1. Fluid
-facilitates pelvic & LE alignment -provides pressure relief w/o changing support -good for those who need increased stability 2. Air -minimal postural support offered -provides pressure relief -good trunk control is needed |
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Styles & Accessories of Seating-
Wedge Cushions: |
..or antithrust seats
-have a front that is higher than the back to prevent the person from sliding out of their seat |
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Styles & Accessories of Seating-
Pelvic Guides: |
inserted on the interior sides of the wheelchair at hip level to keep hips stable
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Styles & Accessories of Seating-
Lateral Supports: |
-extend up the side of the chair to just below person's armpits to provide trunk support
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Pediatric Seating & Positioning Systems-
Types: |
** usually custom molded created systems
1. standers 2. sidelyers 3. triwall construction for infants & toddlers 4. abductor pads at hips to decrease scissoring extensor pattern |
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Pediatric Seating & Positioning Systems-
Types...Standers: |
**provides:
-WB experience which maintains hips, knees, ankles, & trunk in optimal position -facilitate formation of acetabulum & long bone development -aid in bowel/bladder fx. 1. Prone Standers: decrease effect of tonic labyrinthine reflex (TLR) 2. Supine Standers: provide more support posteriorly |
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Functional Mobility Aids-
Ambulation Aids... Orthotic Devices: |
...aka braces
-used to prevent contractures & provide stability to joints involved 1. AFO: ankle-foot orthosis 2. KAFO: knee-ankle-foot orthosis 3. HKAFO: hip-knee-ankle-foot orthosis |
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Functional Mobility Aids-
Ambulation Aids... Canes: |
1. Straight: one leg
2. Wide Based Quad Cane (WBQC): to increase stability when a person isn't able to balance on straight cane 3. Narrow Based Quad Cane (NBQC): for a client that may not req. as much support |
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Functional Mobility Aids-
Ambulation Aids... Walkers: |
1. Standard: req. pt. to have fair balance & the ability to lift device w/ UEs to advance
2. Hemi-Walker: for those w/o ability to use 2 hands 3. Side-Stepper: walker situated on pt.'s non-aff. side 4. Rolling Walker: for pt's. who can't lift standard walker due to UE weakness or imp. balance **walker bags, trays, & baskets to assist in transporting personal items |
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Functional Mobility Aids-
Ambulation Aids... Crutches: |
1. Standard: situated in axillary region to allow for amb.
2. Platform: forearms neutral & supported, hands are neutral 3. Lofstrand: proximal arm has closure around it instead of support in axillary region |
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Functional Mobility Aids-
Ambulation Aids... Slings: |
-provide support to UE which may have fractured
-also prevents poor handling of flaccid UE |
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Functional Mobility Aids-
Scooters: |
provide mobility to those who are not able to ambulate for distances
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Functional Mobility Aids-
Sliding Boards: |
allow independent transfers from different surfaces for those who are unable to stand-pivot
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Specific Mob./Positioning Techniques -
Status-Post THA: |
1. May not be permitted to roll on non-operated side
-this may result in int.rot. of operate hip, which may cause dislocation 2. May req. use of ABD. pillow btwn. LEs to prevent adduction of operated hip |
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Specific Mob./Positioning Techniques -
Status-Post CVA: |
1. May need education regarding proper positioning of UE to increase awareness, minimize pain, decrease swelling, & promote normalized tone
2. May also req. use of pillows btwn. knees while in sidelying to increase comfort & promote proper positioning |
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Specific Mob./Positioning Techniques -
Status-Post Amputation of the LE: |
1. May require training re: use of pillows to prevent edema in the LE
2. May also need training on how to provide passive stretching to residual limb while in bed to prevent shortening or contracture, which would make prosthetic training difficult & painful |
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Bed Mobility Aids:
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1. Hospital Beds, usually with bedrails & elevating head & foot surfaces
2. Trapeze frame attached to bed 3. Hoyer Lift/Trans-Aid: hammock device to transfer dependent persons |
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Electronic Aids to Daily Living (EADLs):
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...aka ECUs
Uses: -turn on/off lights & appliances, open/close doors & drapes -allow use of phones & machinery -summon assistance |
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EADLs-
Computer Adaptations: |
1. eye gaze (for ALS)
2. programmable keyboards (lg. for lowvision; symbols for cog.imp.) 3. expanded keyboards, lg. keys (ataxia) 4. contracted keyboards (arthritis) 5. lt.-touch keyboards (MD) 6. delayed touch keyb. (athetoid mvmts.) 7. chorded keyb. (hemiplegia) |
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Augumentative Alternative Communication:
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-methods of communication that do not require speech
Consider: *portability: use in variety of settings *accessibility: pt. can independently operate *dependability: quality & durability |
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Eval. & Interv. for ATDs & EADLs-
Assess pt's. abilities & decifits: |
1. Stability of positioning & seating must be assessed as this will affect ability to use device.
2. The anatomic site at which the person demonstrates purposeful controlled mvmt must be determined...as this will influence device's control site |
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Driver Rehab.:
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-req. extensive on the road training in different environ.
-OT: *MUST become state licensed driving instructor *SHOULD become certified driving rehab. specialists |
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Evaluation of Driver Ability:
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1. Clinical Screening: visual-perc., cog.-perc., motor, psychosocial, meds side-effects
*OT can do screening, but if deficits are found...refer to a driving rehab. specialist 2. On-the-Road Eval.: operation & tactical |
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Evaluation of Driver Ability-
Screening...visual-perceptual: |
-acuity
-night vision -contrast sensitivity -peripheral field -scanning -spatial realtions -depth perception *color recognition is not a state mandated req. b/c color blindness can be compensated for |
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Evaluation of Driver Ability-
Screening...cognitive-perceptual: |
-orientation
-alertness -memory -ability to shift attention -problem solving -response time -topographical orientation -sign recognition -knowledge of "rules of the road" |
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Evaluation of Driver Ability-
Screening...motor: |
-ROM
-strength -endurance -response time *for accurate steering to remain in lanes & turn, and for smooth acceration & breaking |
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Evaluation of Driver Ability-
Screening...psychosocial: |
-impulsive/agitated behaviors
-psychiatric symptoms such as *suicidal intentions *hallucinations *delusions |
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Evaluation of Driver Ability-
On-the-Road Eval...operation: |
the ability to steer, break, turn
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Evaluation of Driver Ability-
On-the-Road Eval...tactical: |
the ability to respond to changes in road conditions & traffic/driving risks
*airbag clearance of 12 inches btwn. pt. & steering wheel |
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Interventions for Driver Rehab.:
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1. Hand controls can replace acceleratros & brake foot pedals
2. Steering knobs for one-handed steering control -Standard round spinning: for 1 intact UE -Ring: accommodates a prosthesis -Tri-pin or cuff: for absent or weak grasp 3. Pedal extensions if feet don't reach pedals 4. Zero effort or reduced effort steering for decreased range, strength, & endurance 5. Steering wheel positioning adjustments |
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Funding for Driver Rehab:
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1. VESID, OVRs, DVRs...will pay if it will enable pt. t go to work or school
2. Private insurance, Medicare, Medicaid, & Worker's Comp. will possibly reimburse for certain driver rehab. devices/adaptations |
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Environmental Modifications for Cognitive & Sensory Deficits-
General Interventions: |
1. Envrionment needs to be familiar, consistent, predictable
-remove clutter, provide structure, visual reminders, keep things in same place) 2. Use contrasting colors to discriminate back & foregrd. 3. Use restraint reduction techniques 4. Educate consumer, caregive, & family |
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Restraint Reduction-
General: |
-if person is confused, agitated, or a wanderer
1. Assess behaviors that result in agitation, restlessness, or wandering 2. Intervention to address contributing factors/correct underlying problems 3. Intervention to address agitation/wandering incidents |
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Restraint Reduction-
Assess behaviors that result in agitation, restlessness, or wandering: |
1. pain/physical discomfort
2. hunger, thirst, need for toileting 3. loneliness, fear 4. boredom 5. unfamiliar environment |
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Restraint Reduction-
Interventions to address contributing factors/correct underlying problems: |
1. refer to dr. for medical eval/pain mgmt.
2. proper positioning 3. provide snacks..nourish & hydrate 4. client-directed toileting routine 5. active listening 6. family,peer,pastoral visits 7. pet therapy 8. social & leisure activities 9. exercise for restlessness & anxiousness 10. night-time activities 11. eliminate loud noise, use soothing background musi. 12. include family & fav. objects in living space 13. structured home-like environ. to promote sense of safety & security |
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Restraint Reduction-
Interventions to address agitation/wandering incidents: |
1. approach person from front, at eye-level
2. communicate calmly, use simple statements 3. distract with activity or topic of interest to pt. 4. re-direct back to desired location 5. camo. doors, exits, elevators w/ full length mirrors, stop or no xing signs, wallpaper, or vert. blinds 6. tape floors or planters to mark end of hall 7. install locks & velcro doors 8. door alarms/personal alarms/monitoring dev. 9. make contained areas interesting & safe 10. rearrange furniture to deter wandering 11. comfy seating & furniture (broad based rockers & footstools) |
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Types of Wheelchairs-
General: |
1. Attendant Propelled
2. Manual Wheelchair 3. Powered Mobility |
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Types of Wheelchairs-
Attendant Controlled: *description *limitations |
*Description:
-pushed by another, usually a manual chair *Limitations: -dependent on another person |
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Types of Wheelchairs-
Attendant Controlled: *indications/benefits |
*Indications/Benefits:
1. brief or chronic disability 2. transport in the community 3. used for extended periods of time 4. when powered mob. can't be used 5. fit & comfort considered for all involved |
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Types of Wheelchairs-
Manual Wheelchair: *description |
*Description:
1. rigid or folding frames 2. various frames & weights 3. lightweight chair: 25-40lbs 4. standard: >50lbs without seating 5. amputee frame: axle can be moved posteriorly for increased stability & accomod. for change in grav. cent. 6. hemi-chair: use non-aff. UE & LE 7. one-arm drive 8. gurneys: for prone position |
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Types of Wheelchairs-
Manual Wheelchair: *indications/benefits *limitations |
*Indications/Benefits:
1. may independently propel 2. may use quick release wheels (easier for cars) *Limitations: 1. Standard weight is heavy when considering adding seating system |
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Types of Wheelchairs-
Powered Mobility: *description |
*Description:
1. usually add-on unit to allow for manual use 2. scooter 3. battery operate: wet cell/sealed cell/deep cyc. lead acid 4. method of operation: a.)micro-switch b.)proportional joystick c.)sip & puff d.)sensing system e.)body part to be used |
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Types of Wheelchairs-
Powered Mobility: *indications/benefits |
*Indications/Benefits:
1. cannot use hands of feet 2. energy expenditure limitations 3. arthritic UEs 4. prone to repetitive stress injury 5. neuromuscular injury (to prevent assoc. rxs.) 6. can change seat height or tilt |
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Types of Wheelchairs-
Powered Mobility: *limitations |
*Limitations:
1. large and heavy to transport 2. may need to use lifts |
