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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the parts of an EKG?
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P, QRS, T waves
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How do you calculate the heart rate on an EKG?
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count the number of boxes between R-waves then divide into 300 (300/ # of big boxes)
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What rhythms do you defibrillate for? and at what joule?
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ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation
360 joules |
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what rhythms do you cardiovert for? and at what joule?
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Atrial flutter, Atrial fibrillation
50-100 joules |
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What rhythms do you pace?
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Bradycardia, Asystole
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what does the wedge pressure look at?
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the systemic vascular system
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what is the normal value for PCWP?
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4-12 mmHg or 8-24 cmH2O
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what is indicated if the PAP and the PCWP are both elevated?
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The problem is Cardiogenic
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What is indicated if the PAP is up but nothing else?
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the problem is Non-cardiogenic
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How do you treat dampening?
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A=Aspirate
F=Flush with heparin R=Rotate |
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The BTFDC is inflated when? and with how much air?
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inflated when inserted into right atrium and measuring PCWP. You use 1.5 cc of air
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CVP represents what?
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The right side of the heart
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What are some other names for CVP?
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Right atrial pressure
Right side preload Right atrial filling pressure Right vent. end diast. pressure |
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How is MAP and MPAP calculated
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[(2 x Diastolic) + Systolic ]/ 3
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What 3 ways can Cardiac Output be measured? How do you calculate CO?
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Thermal Dilution
Dye Dilution Fick Equation CO= SV x HR |
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What is the Fick Equation?
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VdotO2 / (CaO2-CvO2) x 10
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When do you want a wedge pressure? is it performed on inspiration or expiration?
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When looking at the lungs and Left heart
performed at end exhalation |
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what is the conduction pathway of the Heart?
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SA node--AV node--Bundle of His--R and L bundle branches--Purkinji fibers
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What is a bronchogram used to diagnose?
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Bronchiectasis
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What is Cardiac Tamponade?
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When compression of the heart takes place due to blood or fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac
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Where is the Bicuspid Valve?
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between the Left atria and the ventricle
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Where is the Tricuspid Valve?
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between the R atria and ventricle
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What is stenosis of the valves (bicuspid stenosis)?
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it's a narrowing of the valvular opening.
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What does A-fib feel like in the radial pulses?
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it will feel erratic
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what are some of the complications of a Pulmonary Catheter?
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QT arrhythmia
Hemorrhage Clot formation infection |
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How is the P-A CXR shot?
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from Back to front
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How is the A-P shot? and what is more readily seen?
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It is from the front to back and allows better visualization of the heart.
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What CXR shoots from the side and allows visualization of the lung behind the heart as well as the bases
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Lateral
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What is the position used for V/Q scans? and how are they positioned?
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Obligice- Pt is turned to 45 degrees to either side.
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what position has the patient leaning back at a 45 deg. angle an allows viewing of the upper lobes?
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Apical Lordotic
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What position is used to diagnose a pleural effusion or pneumothorax?
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Lateral deculutis
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Elevation of ones side of the diaphragm can indicate what?
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Gas in the stomach or atelectasis
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The diaphragm appears where on a CXR?
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at the level of the 10th rib on inspiration
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Which Lung is larger?
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The right
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What percentage of air does each lung hold?
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right =55%
Left = 45% |
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what are the indications, routes, and dosage of Epinephrine
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Indications= Asystole,Sinus arrest,Vfib
Routes= IV, ETT, Intra cardiac Dosage= 1ml/kg every 5 min then flush with 10cc of NS |
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what are the indications, routes, and dosage of Lidocaine
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indications= PVC's,Vtach,Vfib.
Routes= IV bolus, IV drip, ETT Dosage= 1mg/kg IV bolus |
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what are the indications, routes, and dosage of Atropine
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indications= Sinus Brady, Asystole, AV node Brady
Routes= IV bolus, ETT Dosage= Dead is 1mg/ 2 min, Alive is 0.5mg/ 2 min |
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What does Epinephrine do?
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Increases HR
Increases force of contraction Increases coronary perfusion Vasonstriction |
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What does Lidocaine do?
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decreases ventricular activity
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What does Atropine do?
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increases HR
Increases force of contraction |
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Normal Sinus Rhythym
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Ventricular Tachycardia
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Atrial Flutter
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Atrial Fibrillation
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Toursades
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Sinus Tachycardia
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Injury (ST elevation)
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Multifocal PVC's
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2 degree Heart block type 2
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Sinus Bradycardia
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2 degree heart block type 1 (wenkebach)
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Ventricular Fibrillation
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A-aDO2
or A-a gradient |
PAO2-PaO2
Normal= 10-15 mmHg on RA 25-65 mmHg on 100% Shunting>300>V/Q mismatch |
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CaO2
O2 carried to the Tissues |
(Hb x 1.34 x SaO2) + (PaO2 x .003)
Normal= 16-20%vol |
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CvO2
oxygenated blood returning to heart |
(Hb x 1.34 x SvO2) + (PvO2 x .003)
Normal= 12-15%vol |
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C(a-v)O2
how much O2 was taken by Tissues |
CaO2-CvO2
Normal is <5%vol |
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QT equation
Measures CO |
VO2 / (C(a-v)O2) (10)
Normal is 4-8 LPM |
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VD/VT
Portion of blood not taking part in O2 exchange |
(PaCO2 - PeCO2) / PaCO2 x 100
Normal is 20-40% in spontaneous breathing pt 40-60% in ventilated pt's |
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O2ER
Oxygen used by tissues |
CaO2-CvO2 / CaO2
Normal is 20-28% |
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VD
Deadspace |
1cc/lb of ideal body weight
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Vt
Tidal Volume |
VdotE/RR
Normal is 5-7LPM |
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VdotD
Deadspace minute ventilation |
RR(lbs)
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VdotA
Alveolar minute ventilation |
VdotA / VdotD
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VdotE
Minute Ventilation |
Vt x RR
Or VdotA + VdotD Normal is 5-10LPM |
