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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the most common cause of community acquired pneumonia?
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Strep. pneumoniae
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What organism commonly causes CAP in elderly pts with existing COPD or lung disease?
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Haemophilus influenzae
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What organism causes CAP in IV drug abusers or elderly in care facilities?
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Staph aureus
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What is the most common atypical organism that causes CAP?
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Mycoplasma pneumonia
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What is the first line treatment for CAP
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Azithromycin or Doxycycline
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Which macrolide is ineffective against H. influenzae?
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erythromycin
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What abx are given to a patient with CAP who received abx within the last 3 months?
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Levofloxacin
or Moxifloxacin |
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Which quinolone is effective against P. aeruginosa?
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Ciprofloxacin
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Which abx are contraindicated in children < 18 y.o. or pregnant females?
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quinolones
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Which abx for CAP cause prolongation of the Qt interval?
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macrolides
quinolones |
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What is the most likely causative organism in a UTI?
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E. coli
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What is the first line treatment for a UTI?
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Ciprofloxacin
or Bactrim |
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What gram negatives organisms cause UTIs?
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E. coli
proteus Klebsiella Enterobacter |
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What gram positive organisms cause UTIs?
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Staph. saprophyticus
Enterococcus |
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What is the treatment for bacterial vaginosis?
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Metronidazole
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What is a major limiting factor of quinolone use?
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resistance
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What is a serious side effect associated with sulfa drugs like bactrim?
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stevens-johnson syndrome
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What dose of azithromycin is used to treat CAP?
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500 mg on day one, then 250 mg on days 2-5
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What dose of Doxycycline is used to treat CAP?
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100 mg q 12 hrs
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What dose of levofloxacin is used to treat CAP?
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750 mg q 24 hrs
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What dose of Moxifloxacin is used to treat CAP?
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400 mg q 24 hrs
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What dose of ciprofloxacin is used to treat a UTI?
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500 mg BID X 3 days
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What dose of metronidazole is used to treat bacterial vaginosis?
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500 mg BID X 7 days
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What is the most common bacteria that causes otitis media?
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Moraxella catarrahalis
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What is the first line therapy for a case of otitis media?
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amoxicillin
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What is an alternative treatment for otitis media in pt with penicillin allergy?
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azithromycin
biaxin bactrim |
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What dose of amoxicillin is given for otitis media?
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80-90 mg/kg per day
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What is first line therapy for a high risk case of OM?
( age <2yrs, fever >39, recurrent) |
Augmentin
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What is a first generation cephalosporin?
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cephalexin (keflex)
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What are the 2nd gen. cephalosporins?
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cefaclor (ceclor)
cefuroxime axetil (ceftin) |
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What is a third generation cephalosporin?
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ceftriaxone
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What is a 4th generation cephalosporin?
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cefepime (maxipime)
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What is the first line treatment for gonorrhea or chlamydia?
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Doxycycline 100 mg BID X 7 d
Azithromycin 1 g single dose |
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What tetracycline is preferred for mrsa infections?
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minocycline
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What are the two antiviral drugs used to treat H1N1 flu?
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oseltamavir
zanamivir |
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What antivirals are used to treat herpes simplex and herpes zoster?
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acyclovir
valacyclovir (converted to acyclovir) Famciclovir (converted to penciclovir) Penciclovir |
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What dose of acyclovir is used to treat the first episode of genital herpes?
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400 mg tid X 7-10 d
or 200 mg 5 times a day X 7-10 d |
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What antivirals are used to treat primary ocular herpes?
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Trifluridine drops
Vidarabine ointment Acyclovir PO |
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What are the antivirals used most often to treat HepB?
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Interferon alfa
Lamivudine Tenofovir |
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What antivirals are used to treat Hep C?
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Pegylated interferon alfa
Ribavirin |
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What immune response modifiers are used to treat HPV?
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imiquimod
interferon alfa |
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What antiproliferative drugs are used to treat HPV?
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podofilox
podophyllin 5FU |
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What chemodestructive or keratolytic drugs are used to treat HPV?
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salicylic acid
trichloroacetic acid bichloroacetic acid |
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What are the three main medical regiments used to treat HIV?
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1 NNRT + 2 NRTIs
or 1 PI + 2 NRTIs or 3 NRTIs |
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What NNRTI causes birth defects?
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Efavirenz (EFV)
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What screening detects a hypersensitivity to abacavir?
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HLA-B 5701
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What drugs are classified as antifungal polyenes?
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natamycin
nystatin amphotericin B |
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What topical antifungals are used for candidal onychomycosis?
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Ciclopirox olamine (Penlac)
Sodium pyrithione Propylene glycol-urea-lactic acid |
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What systemic antifungals are used to treat candidal onychomycosis?
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Fluconazole
Terbinafine |
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What drug treat vulvovaginal candidiasis?
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fluconazole
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What drug treats mucotaneous candidiasis?
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fluconazole or itraconazole solution
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What drug treats histoplasmosis?
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Itraconazole
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What drug treats coccidioidomycosis?
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amphotericin B
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What drugs treat cryptococcosis?
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Amphotericin B
followed by Fluconazole |
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What drugs are used to treat blastomycosis?
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itraconazole
amphotericin B in refractory or CNS cases |
