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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what GA would be considered a pre-me?
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<37 weeks
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Normal gestation
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38-42 weeks
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FDA Modernization Act
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6 mo patent expetion if you did research in children
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____% of cardiac output in utero goes to the brain?
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80%
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Once a baby is born,
___ has low muscle mass PVR ____ with first breath SBR ____ with time as muscle develops |
LV
PVR Decreases SVR Increases |
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In infants ___ must increase to increase cardiac output
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HR
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Babys have inc HR because ____ cant increase SV
CO=HR x SV |
LV
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at what HR should you start to work about tachycardia in a neonate?
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180-200 beats/min
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Which heart medication should NEVER be given to a Neonate within the first mo of life?
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CCB
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what could you use post operatively in a 3 week old to substitute for a CCB?
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Calcium chloride, Calcium gluconate
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How do you base a childs BP?
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<90% for GENDER AGE HEIGHT
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Up to 1 year of age _______ BP is used to diagnose HTN
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Systolic
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How is hypertension defined in a child?
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>95%
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What is the Blood Volume in an Infant?
Child to Adolescent? |
Infant: 80 ml/kg
Child to adolescent: 70ml/kg |
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What is the difference in the chest wall of an infant that may cause an inability to maintain FRC in respiratory distress
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Cartilage of infant are more compliant
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This is a noice infants make when in respiratory distress.
What is another way you can tell when a baby is in respiratory distress? |
Grunting
Nose flaring |
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______ is the cheif muscle of respiration until age 5-6
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Diaphragm
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when do the intercostal muscles fully develop?
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5-6 years of age
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Respiratory rate of neonate?
Adult? |
neonate 35-55
Adult 12-18 |
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At __ years old the brain is 90% the adult weight so they are prone to head injuries in say a car accident
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6 years
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When does the GFR mature?
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5-6 years
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What is the Schwartz formula
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calculates CrCl in children
CrCl=(K x Height)/SCr |
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What is Traub and Johnson?
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CrCl= (0.47xHeight)/SCr
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toxicity in Neonates is characterized by abdominal distension, respiratory distress, HypOtension and GRAY COLOR
Gray baby syndrome |
Chloramphenicol
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when must you never use sulfonamides
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<2mo of age
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_________ cause kernicterus, hyperbilirubinemia, encephalopathy in Neonates.
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sulfonamides
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do not use _____ in children <8 because it can cause dental staining, hypoplasia, and decrease in bone growth
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Tetracyclines
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These medications may cause increased liver toxicity in children
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Valproic Acid
Isoniazid Acetaminophen Halothane |
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This causes oto and nephrotoxicity in children
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Aminoglycosides
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This class of drugs cause increased respiratory depression
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Opiates
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These class of drugs cause Dystonic reactions
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Dopamine antagonists
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What rule bases pediatric dosing on weight?
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Clarks rule
dose = (weight (lb) / 150) x adult dose |
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What rile bases pediatic dosing on age?
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Youngs rule and Frieds rule for infants
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what is the disadvantage of age-based dosing?
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assumes development and maturation is the same in all patients
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what are the disadvantages of bodyweight dosing regimens
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potential for over or under dosing in overweight children
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This form of Pediatric dosing is most commonly used
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bodyweight dosing regimens
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What are the Advantages of Body Surface Area dosing?
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more precise for narrow therapeutic medications
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this inactive ingredient when given >99mg/kg/day in neonates causes "Gasping Syndrome"
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Benzyl alcohol
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This inactive ingredient when used in neonates causes hyperosmolality and metabolic acidosis
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Propylene Glycol
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T/F enteric coating and delayed release are not designed for children
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T
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